Introduction

Updates that may improve an AI system’s accuracy can also introduce new and unanticipated errors that damage user trust. Updates that introduce new errors can also break trust between software components and machine learning models, as these errors are propagated and compounded throughout larger integrated AI systems. The Backward Compatibility ML library is an open-source project for evaluating AI system updates in a new way for increasing system reliability and human trust in AI predictions for actions.

The Backward Compatibility ML project has two components:

• A series of loss functions in which users can vary the weight assigned to the dissonance factor and explore performance/capability tradeoffs during machine learning optimization.

• Visualization widgets that help users examine metrics and error data in detail. They provide a view of error intersections between models and incompatibility distribution across classes.

Getting Started

1. Setup a Python virtual environment or Conda environment and activate it.
2. From within the root folder of this project do pip install -r requirements.txt
3. From within the root folder do npm install
4. From within the root folder of this project do npm run build && pip install -e . or NODE_ENV=production npx webpack && pip install -e .
5. You should now be able to import the backwardcompatibilityml module and use it.

Examples

Start your Jupyter Notebooks server and load in the example notebook under the examples folder to see how the backwardcompatibilityml module is used.

To demo the compatbility analysis widget, open the notebook compatibility-analysis.ipynb inside the examples folder. Below is a list other sample notebooks that may be of interest. For the full list of example notebooks, please refer to Running the Backward Compatibility ML library examples

Notebook name	Framework	Notes
compatibility-analysis-cifar10-resnet18-pretrained	PyTorch	Uses a pre-trained model
model-comparison-MNIST	PyTorch	Uses ModelComparison widget
tensorflow-new-error-cross-entropy-loss	TensorFlow	General TensorFlow usage example
tensorflow-MNIST	TensorFlow	Uses CompatibilityModel class

MLflow

Compatibility sweeps are automatically logged with MLflow. MLflow runs are logged in a folder named mlruns in the same directory as the notebook. To view the MLflow dashboard, start the MLflow server by running mlflow server --port 5200 --backend-store-uri ./mlruns. Then, open the MLflow UI in your browser by navigating to localhost:5200.

Tests

To run tests, make sure that you are in the project root folder and do:

1. pip install -r dev-requirements.txt
2. pytest tests/
3. npm install
4. npm run test

Development Environment

This is provided as a convenience tool to developers, in order to allow development of the widget proceed outside of a Jupyter notebook environment.

The widget can be loaded in the web browser at localhost:3000 or <your-ip>:3000. It will be loaded independently from a Jupyter notebook. The APIs will be hosted at localhost:5000 or <your-ip>:5000.

Changes to the CSS or TypeScript code will be hot loaded automatically in the browser. Flask will run in debug mode and automatically restart whenever the Python code is changed.

Compatibility Analysis Widget

• Open a new terminal and within the project root folder do FLASK_ENV=development FLASK_APP=development/compatibility-analysis/app.py flask run --host 0.0.0.0 --port 5000 on Linux or set FLASK_ENV=development && set FLASK_APP=development\compatibility-analysis\app.py && flask run --host 0.0.0.0 --port 5000 on Windows. This will start the Flask server for the APIs used by the widget.
• Open a new terminal, then from within the project root folder do npm run start-compatibility-analysis
• Open your browser and point it to http://<your-ip-address>:3000

Model Comparison Widget

• Open a new terminal and within the project root folder do FLASK_ENV=development FLASK_APP=development/model-comparison/app.py flask run --host 0.0.0.0 --port 5000 on Linux or set FLASK_ENV=development && set FLASK_APP=development\model-comparison\app.py && flask run --host 0.0.0.0 --port 5000 on Windows. This will start the Flask server for the APIs used by the widget.
• Open a new terminal, then from within the project root folder do npm run start-model-comparison.
• Open your browser and point it to http://<your-ip-address>:3000

Contributing

Check CONTRIBUTING page.

Research and Acknowledgements

This project materializes and implements ideas from ongoing research on Backward Compatibility in Machine Learning and Model Comparison. Here is a list of development and research contributors:

Current Contributors: Xavier Fernandes, Nicholas King, Kathleen Walker, Juan Lema, Besmira Nushi

Research Contributors: Gagan Bansal, Megha Srivastava, Besmira Nushi, Ece Kamar, Eric Horvitz, Dan Weld, Shital Shah

References

"Updates in Human-AI Teams: Understanding and Addressing the Performance/Compatibility Tradeoff." Gagan Bansal, Besmira Nushi, Ece Kamar, Daniel S Weld, Walter S Lasecki, Eric Horvitz; AAAI 2019. Pdf

@inproceedings{bansal2019updates,
  title={Updates in human-ai teams: Understanding and addressing the performance/compatibility tradeoff},
  author={Bansal, Gagan and Nushi, Besmira and Kamar, Ece and Weld, Daniel S and Lasecki, Walter S and Horvitz, Eric},
  booktitle={Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  volume={33},
  pages={2429--2437},
  year={2019}
}

"An Empirical Analysis of Backward Compatibility in Machine Learning Systems." Megha Srivastava, Besmira Nushi, Ece Kamar, Shital Shah, Eric Horvitz; KDD 2020. Pdf

@inproceedings{srivastava2020empirical,
  title={An Empirical Analysis of Backward Compatibility in Machine Learning Systems},
  author={Srivastava, Megha and Nushi, Besmira and Kamar, Ece and Shah, Shital and Horvitz, Eric},
  booktitle={Proceedings of the 26th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery \& Data Mining},
  pages={3272--3280},
  year={2020}
}

"Towards Accountable AI: Hybrid Human-Machine Analyses for Characterizing System Failure." Besmira Nushi, Ece Kamar, Eric Horvitz; HCOMP 2018. Pdf

@article{nushi2018towards,
  title={Towards accountable ai: Hybrid human-machine analyses for characterizing system failure},
  author={Nushi, Besmira and Kamar, Ece and Horvitz, Eric},
  journal={ Proceedings of the Sixth AAAI Conference on Human Computation and
               Crowdsourcing},
  pages = {126--135},
  year={2018}
}

Microsoft Open Source Code of Conduct

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License

This project is licensed under the terms of the MIT license. See LICENSE.txt for additional details.

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