WORK_STRUCT_PENDING is used to claim ownership of a work item and
process_one_work() releases it before starting execution. When
someone else grabs PENDING, all pre-release updates to the work item
should be visible and all updates made by the new owner should happen
afterwards.
Grabbing PENDING uses test_and_set_bit() and thus has a full barrier;
however, clearing doesn't have a matching wmb. Given the preceding
spin_unlock and use of clear_bit, I don't believe this can be a
problem on an actual machine and there hasn't been any related report
but it still is theretically possible for clear_pending to permeate
upwards and happen before work->entry update.
Add an explicit smp_wmb() before work_clear_pending().
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
All queueing functions return 1 on success, 0 if the work item was
already pending. Update them to return bool instead. This signifies
better that they don't return 0 / -errno.
This is cleanup and doesn't cause any functional difference.
While at it, fix comment opening for schedule_work_on().
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Currently, queue/schedule[_delayed]_work_on() are located below the
counterpart without the _on postifx even though the latter is usually
implemented using the former. Swap them.
This is cleanup and doesn't cause any functional difference.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
25511a4776 "workqueue: reimplement CPU online rebinding to handle idle
workers" added CPU locality sanity check in process_one_work(). It
triggers if a worker is executing on a different CPU without UNBOUND
or REBIND set.
This works for all normal workers but rescuers can trigger this
spuriously when they're serving the unbound or a disassociated
global_cwq - rescuers don't have either flag set and thus its
gcwq->cpu can be a different value including %WORK_CPU_UNBOUND.
Fix it by additionally testing %GCWQ_DISASSOCIATED.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reported-by: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
LKML-Refence: <20120721213656.GA7783@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
With trustee gone, CPU hotplug code can be simplified.
* gcwq_claim/release_management() now grab and release gcwq lock too
respectively and gained _and_lock and _and_unlock postfixes.
* All CPU hotplug logic was implemented in workqueue_cpu_callback()
which was called by workqueue_cpu_up/down_callback() for the correct
priority. This was because up and down paths shared a lot of logic,
which is no longer true. Remove workqueue_cpu_callback() and move
all hotplug logic into the two actual callbacks.
This patch doesn't make any functional changes.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: "Rafael J. Wysocki" <rjw@sisk.pl>
With the previous changes, a disassociated global_cwq now can run as
an unbound one on its own - it can create workers as necessary to
drain remaining works after the CPU has been brought down and manage
the number of workers using the usual idle timer mechanism making
trustee completely redundant except for the actual unbinding
operation.
This patch removes the trustee and let a disassociated global_cwq
manage itself. Unbinding is moved to a work item (for CPU affinity)
which is scheduled and flushed from CPU_DONW_PREPARE.
This patch moves nr_running clearing outside gcwq and manager locks to
simplify the code. As nr_running is unused at the point, this is
safe.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: "Rafael J. Wysocki" <rjw@sisk.pl>
Currently, during CPU offlining, after all pending work items are
drained, the trustee butchers all workers. Also, on CPU onlining
failure, workqueue_cpu_callback() ensures that the first idle worker
is destroyed. Combined, these guarantee that an offline CPU doesn't
have any worker for it once all the lingering work items are finished.
This guarantee isn't really necessary and makes CPU on/offlining more
expensive than needs to be, especially for platforms which use CPU
hotplug for powersaving.
This patch lets offline CPUs removes idle worker butchering from the
trustee and let a CPU which failed onlining keep the created first
worker. The first worker is created if the CPU doesn't have any
during CPU_DOWN_PREPARE and started right away. If onlining succeeds,
the rebind_workers() call in CPU_ONLINE will rebind it like any other
workers. If onlining fails, the worker is left alone till the next
try.
This makes CPU hotplugs cheaper by allowing global_cwqs to keep
workers across them and simplifies code.
Note that trustee doesn't re-arm idle timer when it's done and thus
the disassociated global_cwq will keep all workers until it comes back
online. This will be improved by further patches.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: "Rafael J. Wysocki" <rjw@sisk.pl>
Currently, if there are left workers when a CPU is being brough back
online, the trustee kills all idle workers and scheduled rebind_work
so that they re-bind to the CPU after the currently executing work is
finished. This works for busy workers because concurrency management
doesn't try to wake up them from scheduler callbacks, which require
the target task to be on the local run queue. The busy worker bumps
concurrency counter appropriately as it clears WORKER_UNBOUND from the
rebind work item and it's bound to the CPU before returning to the
idle state.
To reduce CPU on/offlining overhead (as many embedded systems use it
for powersaving) and simplify the code path, workqueue is planned to
be modified to retain idle workers across CPU on/offlining. This
patch reimplements CPU online rebinding such that it can also handle
idle workers.
As noted earlier, due to the local wakeup requirement, rebinding idle
workers is tricky. All idle workers must be re-bound before scheduler
callbacks are enabled. This is achieved by interlocking idle
re-binding. Idle workers are requested to re-bind and then hold until
all idle re-binding is complete so that no bound worker starts
executing work item. Only after all idle workers are re-bound and
parked, CPU_ONLINE proceeds to release them and queue rebind work item
to busy workers thus guaranteeing scheduler callbacks aren't invoked
until all idle workers are ready.
worker_rebind_fn() is renamed to busy_worker_rebind_fn() and
idle_worker_rebind() for idle workers is added. Rebinding logic is
moved to rebind_workers() and now called from CPU_ONLINE after
flushing trustee. While at it, add CPU sanity check in
worker_thread().
Note that now a worker may become idle or the manager between trustee
release and rebinding during CPU_ONLINE. As the previous patch
updated create_worker() so that it can be used by regular manager
while unbound and this patch implements idle re-binding, this is safe.
This prepares for removal of trustee and keeping idle workers across
CPU hotplugs.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: "Rafael J. Wysocki" <rjw@sisk.pl>
Currently, create_worker()'s callers are responsible for deciding
whether the newly created worker should be bound to the associated CPU
and create_worker() sets WORKER_UNBOUND only for the workers for the
unbound global_cwq. Creation during normal operation is always via
maybe_create_worker() and @bind is true. For workers created during
hotplug, @bind is false.
Normal operation path is planned to be used even while the CPU is
going through hotplug operations or offline and this static decision
won't work.
Drop @bind from create_worker() and decide whether to bind by looking
at GCWQ_DISASSOCIATED. create_worker() will also set WORKER_UNBOUND
autmatically if disassociated. To avoid flipping GCWQ_DISASSOCIATED
while create_worker() is in progress, the flag is now allowed to be
changed only while holding all manager_mutexes on the global_cwq.
This requires that GCWQ_DISASSOCIATED is not cleared behind trustee's
back. CPU_ONLINE no longer clears DISASSOCIATED before flushing
trustee, which clears DISASSOCIATED before rebinding remaining workers
if asked to release. For cases where trustee isn't around, CPU_ONLINE
clears DISASSOCIATED after flushing trustee. Also, now, first_idle
has UNBOUND set on creation which is explicitly cleared by CPU_ONLINE
while binding it. These convolutions will soon be removed by further
simplification of CPU hotplug path.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: "Rafael J. Wysocki" <rjw@sisk.pl>
POOL_MANAGING_WORKERS is used to ensure that at most one worker takes
the manager role at any given time on a given global_cwq. Trustee
later hitched on it to assume manager adding blocking wait for the
bit. As trustee already needed a custom wait mechanism, waiting for
MANAGING_WORKERS was rolled into the same mechanism.
Trustee is scheduled to be removed. This patch separates out
MANAGING_WORKERS wait into per-pool mutex. Workers use
mutex_trylock() to test for manager role and trustee uses mutex_lock()
to claim manager roles.
gcwq_claim/release_management() helpers are added to grab and release
manager roles of all pools on a global_cwq. gcwq_claim_management()
always grabs pool manager mutexes in ascending pool index order and
uses pool index as lockdep subclass.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: "Rafael J. Wysocki" <rjw@sisk.pl>
Currently, WORKER_UNBOUND is used to mark workers for the unbound
global_cwq and WORKER_ROGUE is used to mark workers for disassociated
per-cpu global_cwqs. Both are used to make the marked worker skip
concurrency management and the only place they make any difference is
in worker_enter_idle() where WORKER_ROGUE is used to skip scheduling
idle timer, which can easily be replaced with trustee state testing.
This patch replaces WORKER_ROGUE with WORKER_UNBOUND and drops
WORKER_ROGUE. This is to prepare for removing trustee and handling
disassociated global_cwqs as unbound.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: "Rafael J. Wysocki" <rjw@sisk.pl>
Workqueue used CPU_DYING notification to mark GCWQ_DISASSOCIATED.
This was necessary because workqueue's CPU_DOWN_PREPARE happened
before other DOWN_PREPARE notifiers and workqueue needed to stay
associated across the rest of DOWN_PREPARE.
After the previous patch, workqueue's DOWN_PREPARE happens after
others and can set GCWQ_DISASSOCIATED directly. Drop CPU_DYING and
let the trustee set GCWQ_DISASSOCIATED after disabling concurrency
management.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: "Rafael J. Wysocki" <rjw@sisk.pl>
Currently, all workqueue cpu hotplug operations run off
CPU_PRI_WORKQUEUE which is higher than normal notifiers. This is to
ensure that workqueue is up and running while bringing up a CPU before
other notifiers try to use workqueue on the CPU.
Per-cpu workqueues are supposed to remain working and bound to the CPU
for normal CPU_DOWN_PREPARE notifiers. This holds mostly true even
with workqueue offlining running with higher priority because
workqueue CPU_DOWN_PREPARE only creates a bound trustee thread which
runs the per-cpu workqueue without concurrency management without
explicitly detaching the existing workers.
However, if the trustee needs to create new workers, it creates
unbound workers which may wander off to other CPUs while
CPU_DOWN_PREPARE notifiers are in progress. Furthermore, if the CPU
down is cancelled, the per-CPU workqueue may end up with workers which
aren't bound to the CPU.
While reliably reproducible with a convoluted artificial test-case
involving scheduling and flushing CPU burning work items from CPU down
notifiers, this isn't very likely to happen in the wild, and, even
when it happens, the effects are likely to be hidden by the following
successful CPU down.
Fix it by using different priorities for up and down notifiers - high
priority for up operations and low priority for down operations.
Workqueue cpu hotplug operations will soon go through further cleanup.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Acked-by: "Rafael J. Wysocki" <rjw@sisk.pl>
WQ_HIGHPRI was implemented by queueing highpri work items at the head
of the global worklist. Other than queueing at the head, they weren't
handled differently; unfortunately, this could lead to execution
latency of a few seconds on heavily loaded systems.
Now that workqueue code has been updated to deal with multiple
worker_pools per global_cwq, this patch reimplements WQ_HIGHPRI using
a separate worker_pool. NR_WORKER_POOLS is bumped to two and
gcwq->pools[0] is used for normal pri work items and ->pools[1] for
highpri. Highpri workers get -20 nice level and has 'H' suffix in
their names. Note that this change increases the number of kworkers
per cpu.
POOL_HIGHPRI_PENDING, pool_determine_ins_pos() and highpri chain
wakeup code in process_one_work() are no longer used and removed.
This allows proper prioritization of highpri work items and removes
high execution latency of highpri work items.
v2: nr_running indexing bug in get_pool_nr_running() fixed.
v3: Refreshed for the get_pool_nr_running() update in the previous
patch.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reported-by: Josh Hunt <joshhunt00@gmail.com>
LKML-Reference: <CAKA=qzaHqwZ8eqpLNFjxnO2fX-tgAOjmpvxgBFjv6dJeQaOW1w@mail.gmail.com>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Introduce NR_WORKER_POOLS and for_each_worker_pool() and convert code
paths which need to manipulate all pools in a gcwq to use them.
NR_WORKER_POOLS is currently one and for_each_worker_pool() iterates
over only @gcwq->pool.
Note that nr_running is per-pool property and converted to an array
with NR_WORKER_POOLS elements and renamed to pool_nr_running. Note
that get_pool_nr_running() currently assumes 0 index. The next patch
will make use of non-zero index.
The changes in this patch are mechanical and don't caues any
functional difference. This is to prepare for multiple pools per
gcwq.
v2: nr_running indexing bug in get_pool_nr_running() fixed.
v3: Pointer to array is stupid. Don't use it in get_pool_nr_running()
as suggested by Linus.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
GCWQ_MANAGE_WORKERS, GCWQ_MANAGING_WORKERS and GCWQ_HIGHPRI_PENDING
are per-pool properties. Add worker_pool->flags and make the above
three flags per-pool flags.
The changes in this patch are mechanical and don't caues any
functional difference. This is to prepare for multiple pools per
gcwq.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Modify all functions which deal with per-pool properties to pass
around @pool instead of @gcwq or @cpu.
The changes in this patch are mechanical and don't caues any
functional difference. This is to prepare for multiple pools per
gcwq.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Move worklist and all worker management fields from global_cwq into
the new struct worker_pool. worker_pool points back to the containing
gcwq. worker and cpu_workqueue_struct are updated to point to
worker_pool instead of gcwq too.
This change is mechanical and doesn't introduce any functional
difference other than rearranging of fields and an added level of
indirection in some places. This is to prepare for multiple pools per
gcwq.
v2: Comment typo fixes as suggested by Namhyung.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Unbound wqs aren't concurrency-managed and try to execute work items
as soon as possible. This is currently achieved by implicitly setting
%WQ_HIGHPRI on all unbound workqueues; however, WQ_HIGHPRI
implementation is about to be restructured and this usage won't be
valid anymore.
Add an explicit chain-wakeup path for unbound workqueues in
process_one_work() instead of piggy backing on %WQ_HIGHPRI.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Under memory load, on x86_64, with lockdep enabled, the workqueue's
process_one_work() has been seen to oops in __lock_acquire(), barfing
on a 0xffffffff00000000 pointer in the lockdep_map's class_cache[].
Because it's permissible to free a work_struct from its callout function,
the map used is an onstack copy of the map given in the work_struct: and
that copy is made without any locking.
Surprisingly, gcc (4.5.1 in Hugh's case) uses "rep movsl" rather than
"rep movsq" for that structure copy: which might race with a workqueue
user's wait_on_work() doing lock_map_acquire() on the source of the
copy, putting a pointer into the class_cache[], but only in time for
the top half of that pointer to be copied to the destination map.
Boom when process_one_work() subsequently does lock_map_acquire()
on its onstack copy of the lockdep_map.
Fix this, and a similar instance in call_timer_fn(), with a
lockdep_copy_map() function which additionally NULLs the class_cache[].
Note: this oops was actually seen on 3.4-next, where flush_work() newly
does the racing lock_map_acquire(); but Tejun points out that 3.4 and
earlier are already vulnerable to the same through wait_on_work().
* Patch orginally from Peter. Hugh modified it a bit and wrote the
description.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Reported-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
LKML-Reference: <alpine.LSU.2.00.1205070951170.1544@eggly.anvils>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
worker_enter_idle() has WARN_ON_ONCE() which triggers if nr_running
isn't zero when every worker is idle. This can trigger spuriously
while a cpu is going down due to the way trustee sets %WORKER_ROGUE
and zaps nr_running.
It first sets %WORKER_ROGUE on all workers without updating
nr_running, releases gcwq->lock, schedules, regrabs gcwq->lock and
then zaps nr_running. If the last running worker enters idle
inbetween, it would see stale nr_running which hasn't been zapped yet
and trigger the WARN_ON_ONCE().
Fix it by performing the sanity check iff the trustee is idle.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reported-by: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
If a workqueue is flushed with flush_work() lockdep checking can
be circumvented. For example:
static DEFINE_MUTEX(mutex);
static void my_work(struct work_struct *w)
{
mutex_lock(&mutex);
mutex_unlock(&mutex);
}
static DECLARE_WORK(work, my_work);
static int __init start_test_module(void)
{
schedule_work(&work);
return 0;
}
module_init(start_test_module);
static void __exit stop_test_module(void)
{
mutex_lock(&mutex);
flush_work(&work);
mutex_unlock(&mutex);
}
module_exit(stop_test_module);
would not always print a warning when flush_work() was called.
In this trivial example nothing could go wrong since we are
guaranteed module_init() and module_exit() don't run concurrently,
but if the work item is schedule asynchronously we could have a
scenario where the work item is running just at the time flush_work()
is called resulting in a classic ABBA locking problem.
Add a lockdep hint by acquiring and releasing the work item
lockdep_map in flush_work() so that we always catch this
potential deadlock scenario.
Signed-off-by: Stephen Boyd <sboyd@codeaurora.org>
Reviewed-by: Yong Zhang <yong.zhang0@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
This BUG_ON() can be triggered if you call schedule_work() before
calling INIT_WORK(). It is a bug definitely, but it's nicer to just
print a stack trace and return.
Reported-by: Matt Renzelmann <mjr@cs.wisc.edu>
Signed-off-by: Dan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Pull workqueue changes from Tejun Heo:
"This contains only one commit which cleans up UP allocation path a
bit."
* 'for-3.4' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/wq:
workqueue: use percpu allocator for cwq on UP
I notice that the commit bbddff makes percpu allocator can work on UP,
So we don't need the magic way for UP.
Signed-off-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
This patch (as1519) fixes a bug in the block layer's disk-events
polling. The polling is done by a work routine queued on the
system_nrt_wq workqueue. Since that workqueue isn't freezable, the
polling continues even in the middle of a system sleep transition.
Obviously, polling a suspended drive for media changes and such isn't
a good thing to do; in the case of USB mass-storage devices it can
lead to real problems requiring device resets and even re-enumeration.
The patch fixes things by creating a new system-wide, non-reentrant,
freezable workqueue and using it for disk-events polling.
Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
CC: <stable@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
alloc_workqueue() currently expects the passed in @name pointer to remain
accessible. This is inconvenient and a bit silly given that the whole wq
is being dynamically allocated. This patch updates alloc_workqueue() and
friends to take printf format string instead of opaque string and matching
varargs at the end. The name is allocated together with the wq and
formatted.
alloc_ordered_workqueue() is converted to a macro to unify varargs
handling with alloc_workqueue(), and, while at it, add comment to
alloc_workqueue().
None of the current in-kernel users pass in string with '%' as constant
name and this change shouldn't cause any problem.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: use __printf]
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Suggested-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The changed files were only including linux/module.h for the
EXPORT_SYMBOL infrastructure, and nothing else. Revector them
onto the isolated export header for faster compile times.
Nothing to see here but a whole lot of instances of:
-#include <linux/module.h>
+#include <linux/export.h>
This commit is only changing the kernel dir; next targets
will probably be mm, fs, the arch dirs, etc.
Signed-off-by: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
Take cwq->gcwq->lock to avoid racing between drain_workqueue checking to
make sure the workqueues are empty and cwq_dec_nr_in_flight decrementing
and then incrementing nr_active when it activates a delayed work.
We discovered this when a corner case in one of our drivers resulted in
us trying to destroy a workqueue in which the remaining work would
always requeue itself again in the same workqueue. We would hit this
race condition and trip the BUG_ON on workqueue.c:3080.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Tuttle <ttuttle@chromium.org>
Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* 'for-3.1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/wq:
workqueue: separate out drain_workqueue() from destroy_workqueue()
workqueue: remove cancel_rearming_delayed_work[queue]()
* 'for-2.6.40' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/percpu:
percpu: Unify input section names
percpu: Avoid extra NOP in percpu_cmpxchg16b_double
percpu: Cast away printk format warning
percpu: Always align percpu output section to PAGE_SIZE
Fix up fairly trivial conflict in arch/x86/include/asm/percpu.h as per Tejun
There are users which want to drain workqueues without destroying it.
Separate out drain functionality from destroy_workqueue() into
drain_workqueue() and make it accessible to workqueue users.
To guarantee forward-progress, only chain queueing is allowed while
drain is in progress. If a new work item which isn't chained from the
running or pending work items is queued while draining is in progress,
WARN_ON_ONCE() is triggered.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: James Bottomley <James.Bottomley@hansenpartnership.com>
If a rescuer and stop_machine() bringing down a CPU race with each
other, they may deadlock on non-preemptive kernel. The CPU won't
accept a new task, so the rescuer can't migrate to the target CPU,
while stop_machine() can't proceed because the rescuer is holding one
of the CPU retrying migration. GCWQ_DISASSOCIATED is never cleared
and worker_maybe_bind_and_lock() retries indefinitely.
This problem can be reproduced semi reliably while the system is
entering suspend.
http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel/1122051
A lot of kudos to Thilo-Alexander for reporting this tricky issue and
painstaking testing.
stable: This affects all kernels with cmwq, so all kernels since and
including v2.6.36 need this fix.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reported-by: Thilo-Alexander Ginkel <thilo@ginkel.com>
Tested-by: Thilo-Alexander Ginkel <thilo@ginkel.com>
Cc: stable@kernel.org
Percpu allocator honors alignment request upto PAGE_SIZE and both the
percpu addresses in the percpu address space and the translated kernel
addresses should be aligned accordingly. The calculation of the
former depends on the alignment of percpu output section in the kernel
image.
The linker script macros PERCPU_VADDR() and PERCPU() are used to
define this output section and the latter takes @align parameter.
Several architectures are using @align smaller than PAGE_SIZE breaking
percpu memory alignment.
This patch removes @align parameter from PERCPU(), renames it to
PERCPU_SECTION() and makes it always align to PAGE_SIZE. While at it,
add PCPU_SETUP_BUG_ON() checks such that alignment problems are
reliably detected and remove percpu alignment comment recently added
in workqueue.c as the condition would trigger BUG way before reaching
there.
For um, this patch raises the alignment of percpu area. As the area
is in .init, there shouldn't be any noticeable difference.
This problem was discovered by David Howells while debugging boot
failure on mn10300.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
Cc: uclinux-dist-devel@blackfin.uclinux.org
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com>
Cc: user-mode-linux-devel@lists.sourceforge.net
ksoftirqd, kworker, migration, and pktgend kthreads can be created with
kthread_create_on_node(), to get proper NUMA affinities for their stack and
task_struct.
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Reviewed-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Fenghua Yu <fenghua.yu@intel.com>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: <linux-arch@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* 'for-2.6.39' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/wq:
workqueue: fix build failure introduced by s/freezeable/freezable/
workqueue: add system_freezeable_wq
rds/ib: use system_wq instead of rds_ib_fmr_wq
net/9p: replace p9_poll_task with a work
net/9p: use system_wq instead of p9_mux_wq
xfs: convert to alloc_workqueue()
reiserfs: make commit_wq use the default concurrency level
ocfs2: use system_wq instead of ocfs2_quota_wq
ext4: convert to alloc_workqueue()
scsi/scsi_tgt_lib: scsi_tgtd isn't used in memory reclaim path
scsi/be2iscsi,qla2xxx: convert to alloc_workqueue()
misc/iwmc3200top: use system_wq instead of dedicated workqueues
i2o: use alloc_workqueue() instead of create_workqueue()
acpi: kacpi*_wq don't need WQ_MEM_RECLAIM
fs/aio: aio_wq isn't used in memory reclaim path
input/tps6507x-ts: use system_wq instead of dedicated workqueue
cpufreq: use system_wq instead of dedicated workqueues
wireless/ipw2x00: use system_wq instead of dedicated workqueues
arm/omap: use system_wq in mailbox
workqueue: use WQ_MEM_RECLAIM instead of WQ_RESCUER
In complex subsystems like mac80211 structures can contain several
timers and work structs, so identifying a specific instance from the
call trace and object type output of debugobjects can be hard.
Allow the subsystems which support debugobjects to provide a hint
function. This function returns a pointer to a kernel address
(preferrably the objects callback function) which is printed along
with the debugobjects type.
Add hint methods for timer_list, work_struct and hrtimer.
[ tglx: Massaged changelog, made it compile ]
Signed-off-by: Stanislaw Gruszka <sgruszka@redhat.com>
LKML-Reference: <20110307085809.GA9334@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
wq:fixes-2.6.38 does s/WQ_FREEZEABLE/WQ_FREEZABLE and wq:for-2.6.39
adds new usage of the flag. The combination of the two creates a
build failure after merge. Fix it by renaming all freezeables to
freezables.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reported-by: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
MAYDAY_INITIAL_TIMEOUT is defined as HZ / 100 and depending on
configuration may end up 0 or 1. Even when it's 1, depending on when
the mayday timer is added in the current jiffy interval, it may expire
way before a jiffy has passed.
Make sure MAYDAY_INITIAL_TIMEOUT is at least two to guarantee that at
least a full jiffy has passed before calling rescuers.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reported-by: Ray Jui <rjui@broadcom.com>
Cc: stable@kernel.org
There are two spellings in use for 'freeze' + 'able' - 'freezable' and
'freezeable'. The former is the more prominent one. The latter is
mostly used by workqueue and in a few other odd places. Unify the
spelling to 'freezable'.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reported-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Acked-by: "Rafael J. Wysocki" <rjw@sisk.pl>
Acked-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Acked-by: Dmitry Torokhov <dtor@mail.ru>
Cc: David Woodhouse <dwmw2@infradead.org>
Cc: Alex Dubov <oakad@yahoo.com>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Steven Whitehouse <swhiteho@redhat.com>
After executing the matching works, a rescuer leaves the gcwq whether
there are more pending works or not. This may decrease the
concurrency level to zero and stall execution until a new work item is
queued on the gcwq.
Make rescuer wake up a regular worker when it leaves a gcwq if there
are more works to execute, so that execution isn't stalled.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reported-by: Ray Jui <rjui@broadcom.com>
Cc: stable@kernel.org
The nested NOT_RUNNING test in worker_clr_flags() is slightly
misleading in that if NOT_RUNNING were a single flag the nested test
would be always %true and thus noop. Add a comment noting that the
test isn't a noop.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Hillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Currently, the lockdep annotation in flush_work() requires exclusive
access on the workqueue the target work is queued on and triggers
warning if a work is trying to flush another work on the same
workqueue; however, this is no longer true as workqueues can now
execute multiple works concurrently.
This patch adds lock_map_acquire_read() and make process_one_work()
hold read access to the workqueue while executing a work and
start_flush_work() check for write access if concurrnecy level is one
or the workqueue has a rescuer (as only one execution resource - the
rescuer - is guaranteed to be available under memory pressure), and
read access if higher.
This better represents what's going on and removes spurious lockdep
warnings which are triggered by fake dependency chain created through
flush_work().
* Peter pointed out that flushing another work from a WQ_MEM_RECLAIM
wq breaks forward progress guarantee under memory pressure.
Condition check accordingly updated.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reported-by: "Rafael J. Wysocki" <rjw@sisk.pl>
Tested-by: "Rafael J. Wysocki" <rjw@sisk.pl>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: stable@kernel.org
Currently, destroy_workqueue() makes the workqueue deny all new
queueing by setting WQ_DYING and flushes the workqueue once before
proceeding with destruction; however, there are cases where work items
queue more related work items. Currently, such users need to
explicitly flush the workqueue multiple times depending on the
possible depth of such chained queueing.
This patch updates the queueing path such that a work item can queue
further work items on the same workqueue even when WQ_DYING is set.
The flush on destruction is automatically retried until the workqueue
is empty. This guarantees that the workqueue is empty on destruction
while allowing chained queueing.
The flush retry logic whines if it takes too many retries to drain the
workqueue.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: James Bottomley <James.Bottomley@HansenPartnership.com>
Running the annotate branch profiler on three boxes, including my
main box that runs firefox, evolution, xchat, and is part of the distcc farm,
showed this with the likelys in the workqueue code:
correct incorrect % Function File Line
------- --------- - -------- ---- ----
96 996253 99 wq_worker_sleeping workqueue.c 703
96 996247 99 wq_worker_waking_up workqueue.c 677
The likely()s in this case were assuming that WORKER_NOT_RUNNING will
most likely be false. But this is not the case. The reason is
(and shown by adding trace_printks and testing it) that most of the time
WORKER_PREP is set.
In worker_thread() we have:
worker_clr_flags(worker, WORKER_PREP);
[ do work stuff ]
worker_set_flags(worker, WORKER_PREP, false);
(that 'false' means not to wake up an idle worker)
The wq_worker_sleeping() is called from schedule when a worker thread
is putting itself to sleep. Which happens most of the time outside
of that [ do work stuff ].
The wq_worker_waking_up is called by the wakeup worker code, which
is also callod outside that [ do work stuff ].
Thus, the likely and unlikely used by those two functions are actually
backwards.
Remove the annotation and let gcc figure it out.
Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
I found a trivial bug on initialization of workqueue.
Current init_workqueues doesn't check the result of
allocation of system_unbound_wq, this should be checked
like other queues.
Signed-off-by: Hitoshi Mitake <mitake@dcl.info.waseda.ac.jp>
Cc: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Silly though it is, completions and wait_queue_heads use foo_ONSTACK
(COMPLETION_INITIALIZER_ONSTACK, DECLARE_COMPLETION_ONSTACK,
__WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD_INIT_ONSTACK and DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD_ONSTACK) so I
guess workqueues should do the same thing.
s/INIT_WORK_ON_STACK/INIT_WORK_ONSTACK/
s/INIT_DELAYED_WORK_ON_STACK/INIT_DELAYED_WORK_ONSTACK/
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
In the MN10300 arch, we occasionally see an assertion being tripped in
alloc_cwqs() at the following line:
/* just in case, make sure it's actually aligned */
---> BUG_ON(!IS_ALIGNED(wq->cpu_wq.v, align));
return wq->cpu_wq.v ? 0 : -ENOMEM;
The values are:
wa->cpu_wq.v => 0x902776e0
align => 0x100
and align is calculated by the following:
const size_t align = max_t(size_t, 1 << WORK_STRUCT_FLAG_BITS,
__alignof__(unsigned long long));
This is because the pointer in question (wq->cpu_wq.v) loses some of its
lower bits to control flags, and so the object it points to must be
sufficiently aligned to avoid the need to use those bits for pointing to
things.
Currently, 4 control bits and 4 colour bits are used in normal
circumstances, plus a debugging bit if debugging is set. This requires
the cpu_workqueue_struct struct to be at least 256 bytes aligned (or 512
bytes aligned with debugging).
PERCPU() alignment on MN13000, however, is only 32 bytes as set in
vmlinux.lds.S. So we set this to PAGE_SIZE (4096) to match most other
arches and stick a comment in alloc_cwqs() for anyone else who triggers
the assertion.
Reported-by: Akira Takeuchi <takeuchi.akr@jp.panasonic.com>
Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Mark Salter <msalter@redhat.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Commit a25909a4 (lockdep: Add an in_workqueue_context() lockdep-based
test function) added in_workqueue_context() but there hasn't been any
in-kernel user and the lockdep annotation in workqueue is scheduled to
change. Remove the unused function.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The documentation for schedule_on_each_cpu() states that it calls a
function on each online CPU from keventd. This can easily be
interpreted as an asyncronous call because the description does not
mention that flush_work is called. Clarify that it is synchronous.
tj: rephrased a bit
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Reviewed-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Add WQ_MEM_RECLAIM flag which currently maps to WQ_RESCUER, mark
WQ_RESCUER as internal and replace all external WQ_RESCUER usages to
WQ_MEM_RECLAIM.
This makes the API users express the intent of the workqueue instead
of indicating the internal mechanism used to guarantee forward
progress. This is also to make it cleaner to add more semantics to
WQ_MEM_RECLAIM. For example, if deemed necessary, memory reclaim
workqueues can be made highpri.
This patch doesn't introduce any functional change.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Jeff Garzik <jgarzik@pobox.com>
Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Cc: Steven Whitehouse <swhiteho@redhat.com>
The policy function keep_working() didn't check GCWQ_HIGHPRI_PENDING
and could return %false with highpri work pending. This could lead to
late execution of a highpri work which was delayed due to @max_active
throttling if other works are actively consuming CPU cycles.
For example, the following could happen.
1. Work W0 which burns CPU cycles.
2. Two works W1 and W2 are queued to a highpri wq w/ @max_active of 1.
3. W1 starts executing and W2 is put to delayed queue. W0 and W1 are
both runnable.
4. W1 finishes which puts W2 to pending queue but keep_working()
incorrectly returns %false and the worker goes to sleep.
5. W0 finishes and W2 starts execution.
With this patch applied, W2 starts execution as soon as W1 finishes.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
These two tracepoints allow tracking when and how a work is queued and
activated. This patch is based on Frederic's patch to add queue_work
trace point.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Define workqueue_work event class and use it for workqueue_execute_end
trace point. Also, move trace/events/workqueue.h include downwards
such that all struct definitions are visible to it. This is to
prepare for more tracepoints and doesn't cause any functional change.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Implement flush[_delayed]_work_sync(). These are flush functions
which also make sure no CPU is still executing the target work from
earlier queueing instances. These are similar to
cancel[_delayed]_work_sync() except that the target work item is
flushed instead of cancelled.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Factor out start_flush_work() from flush_work(). start_flush_work()
has @wait_executing argument which controls whether the barrier is
queued only if the work is pending or also if executing. As
flush_work() needs to wait for execution too, it uses %true.
This commit doesn't cause any behavior difference. start_flush_work()
will be used to implement flush_work_sync().
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Make the following cleanup changes.
* Relocate flush/cancel function prototypes and definitions.
* Relocate wait_on_cpu_work() and wait_on_work() before
try_to_grab_pending(). These will be used to implement
flush_work_sync().
* Make all flush/cancel functions return bool instead of int.
* Update wait_on_cpu_work() and wait_on_work() to return %true if they
actually waited.
* Add / update comments.
This patch doesn't cause any functional changes.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
alloc_mayday_mask() was using alloc_cpumask_var() making
gcwq->mayday_mask contain garbage after initialization on
CONFIG_CPUMASK_OFFSTACK=y configurations. This combined with the
previously fixed GCWQ_DISASSOCIATED initialization bug could make
rescuers fall into infinite loop trying to bind to an offline cpu.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reported-by: CAI Qian <caiqian@redhat.com>
init_workqueues() incorrectly marks workqueues for all possible CPUs
associated. Combined with mayday_mask initialization bug, this can
make rescuers keep trying to bind to an offline gcwq indefinitely.
Fix init_workqueues() such that only online CPUs have their gcwqs have
GCWQ_DISASSOCIATED cleared.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reported-by: CAI Qian <caiqian@redhat.com>
cwq->nr_active is used to keep track of how many work items are active
for the cpu workqueue, where 'active' is defined as either pending on
global worklist or executing. This is used to implement the
max_active limit and workqueue freezing. If a work item is queued
after nr_active has already reached max_active, the work item doesn't
increment nr_active and is put on the delayed queue and gets activated
later as previous active work items retire.
try_to_grab_pending() which is used in the cancellation path
unconditionally decremented nr_active whether the work item being
cancelled is currently active or delayed, so cancelling a delayed work
item makes nr_active underflow. This breaks max_active enforcement
and triggers BUG_ON() in destroy_workqueue() later on.
This patch fixes this bug by adding a flag WORK_STRUCT_DELAYED, which
is set while a work item in on the delayed list and making
try_to_grab_pending() decrement nr_active iff the work item is
currently active.
The addition of the flag enlarges cwq alignment to 256 bytes which is
getting a bit too large. It's scheduled to be reduced back to 128
bytes by merging WORK_STRUCT_PENDING and WORK_STRUCT_CWQ in the next
devel cycle.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reported-by: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
Now that the worklist is global, having works pending after wq
destruction can easily lead to oops and destroy_workqueue() have
several BUG_ON()s to catch these cases. Unfortunately, BUG_ON()
doesn't tell much about how the work became pending after the final
flush_workqueue().
This patch adds WQ_DYING which is set before the final flush begins.
If a work is requested to be queued on a dying workqueue,
WARN_ON_ONCE() is triggered and the request is ignored. This clearly
indicates which caller is trying to queue a work on a dying workqueue
and keeps the system working in most cases.
Locking rule comment is updated such that the 'I' rule includes
modifying the field from destruction path.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
worker_maybe_bind_and_lock() actually grabs gcwq->lock but was missing proper
annotation. Add it. So this patch will remove following sparse warnings:
kernel/workqueue.c:1214:13: warning: context imbalance in 'worker_maybe_bind_and_lock' - wrong count at exit
arch/x86/include/asm/irqflags.h:44:9: warning: context imbalance in 'worker_rebind_fn' - unexpected unlock
kernel/workqueue.c:1991:17: warning: context imbalance in 'rescuer_thread' - unexpected unlock
Signed-off-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Some of internal functions called within gcwq->lock context releases and
regrabs the lock but were missing proper annotations. Add it.
Signed-off-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
With the introduction of the new unified work queue thread pools,
we lost one feature: It's no longer possible to know which worker
is causing the CPU to wake out of idle. The result is that PowerTOP
now reports a lot of "kworker/a:b" instead of more readable results.
This patch adds a pair of tracepoints to the new workqueue code,
similar in style to the timer/hrtimer tracepoints.
With this pair of tracepoints, the next PowerTOP can correctly
report which work item caused the wakeup (and how long it took):
Interrupt (43) i915 time 3.51ms wakeups 141
Work ieee80211_iface_work time 0.81ms wakeups 29
Work do_dbs_timer time 0.55ms wakeups 24
Process Xorg time 21.36ms wakeups 4
Timer sched_rt_period_timer time 0.01ms wakeups 1
Signed-off-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
wq->rescuer is not freed when wq is destroyed, leads a memory leak
then. This patch also remove a redundant line.
Signed-off-by: Xiaotian Feng <dfeng@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Commit 6ee0578b (workqueue: mark init_workqueues as early_initcall)
made workqueue SMP initialization depend on workqueue_cpu_callback(),
which however was registered as hotcpu_notifier() and didn't get
called if CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU is not set. This made gcwqs on non-boot
CPUs not create their initial workers leading to boot failures. Fix
it by making it a cpu_notifier.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reported-and-bisected-by: walt <w41ter@gmail.com>
Tested-by: Markus Trippelsdorf <markus@trippelsdorf.de>
works in schecule_on_each_cpu() is a percpu pointer but was missing
__percpu markup. Add it.
Signed-off-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/wq: (55 commits)
workqueue: mark init_workqueues() as early_initcall()
workqueue: explain for_each_*cwq_cpu() iterators
fscache: fix build on !CONFIG_SYSCTL
slow-work: kill it
gfs2: use workqueue instead of slow-work
drm: use workqueue instead of slow-work
cifs: use workqueue instead of slow-work
fscache: drop references to slow-work
fscache: convert operation to use workqueue instead of slow-work
fscache: convert object to use workqueue instead of slow-work
workqueue: fix how cpu number is stored in work->data
workqueue: fix mayday_mask handling on UP
workqueue: fix build problem on !CONFIG_SMP
workqueue: fix locking in retry path of maybe_create_worker()
async: use workqueue for worker pool
workqueue: remove WQ_SINGLE_CPU and use WQ_UNBOUND instead
workqueue: implement unbound workqueue
workqueue: prepare for WQ_UNBOUND implementation
libata: take advantage of cmwq and remove concurrency limitations
workqueue: fix worker management invocation without pending works
...
Fixed up conflicts in fs/cifs/* as per Tejun. Other trivial conflicts in
include/linux/workqueue.h, kernel/trace/Kconfig and kernel/workqueue.c
Mark init_workqueues() as early_initcall() and thus it will be initialized
before smp bringup. init_workqueues() registers for the hotcpu notifier
and thus it should cope with the processors that are brought online after
the workqueues are initialized.
x86 smp bringup code uses workqueues and uses a workaround for the
cold boot process (as the workqueues are initialized post smp_init()).
Marking init_workqueues() as early_initcall() will pave the way for
cleaning up this code.
Signed-off-by: Suresh Siddha <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
for_each_*cwq_cpu() are similar to regular CPU iterators except that
it also considers the pseudo CPU number used for unbound workqueues.
Explain them.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Once a work starts execution, its data contains the cpu number it was
on instead of pointing to cwq. This is added by commit 7a22ad75
(workqueue: carry cpu number in work data once execution starts) to
reliably determine the work was last on even if the workqueue itself
was destroyed inbetween.
Whether data points to a cwq or contains a cpu number was
distinguished by comparing the value against PAGE_OFFSET. The
assumption was that a cpu number should be below PAGE_OFFSET while a
pointer to cwq should be above it. However, on architectures which
use separate address spaces for user and kernel spaces, this doesn't
hold as PAGE_OFFSET is zero.
Fix it by using an explicit flag, WORK_STRUCT_CWQ, to mark what the
data field contains. If the flag is set, it's pointing to a cwq;
otherwise, it contains a cpu number.
Reported on s390 and microblaze during linux-next testing.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reported-by: Sachin Sant <sachinp@in.ibm.com>
Reported-by: Michal Simek <michal.simek@petalogix.com>
Reported-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Tested-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Tested-by: Michal Simek <monstr@monstr.eu>
All cpumasks are assumed to have cpu 0 permanently set on UP, so it
can't be used to signify whether there's something to be done for the
CPU. workqueue was using cpumask to track which CPU requested rescuer
assistance and this led rescuer thread to think there always are
pending mayday requests on UP, which resulted in infinite busy loops.
This patch fixes the problem by introducing mayday_mask_t and
associated helpers which wrap cpumask on SMP and emulates its behavior
using bitops and unsigned long on UP.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Commit f3421797 (workqueue: implement unbound workqueue) incorrectly
tested CONFIG_SMP as part of a C expression in alloc/free_cwqs(). As
CONFIG_SMP is not defined in UP, this breaks build. Fix it by using
Found during linux-next build test.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reported-by: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
maybe_create_worker() mismanaged locking when worker creation fails
and it has to retry. Fix locking and simplify lock manipulation.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reported-by: Yong Zhang <yong.zhang@windriver.com>
WQ_SINGLE_CPU combined with @max_active of 1 is used to achieve full
ordering among works queued to a workqueue. The same can be achieved
using WQ_UNBOUND as unbound workqueues always use the gcwq for
WORK_CPU_UNBOUND. As @max_active is always one and benefits from cpu
locality isn't accessible anyway, serving them with unbound workqueues
should be fine.
Drop WQ_SINGLE_CPU support and use WQ_UNBOUND instead. Note that most
single thread workqueue users will be converted to use multithread or
non-reentrant instead and only the ones which require strict ordering
will keep using WQ_UNBOUND + @max_active of 1.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
This patch implements unbound workqueue which can be specified with
WQ_UNBOUND flag on creation. An unbound workqueue has the following
properties.
* It uses a dedicated gcwq with a pseudo CPU number WORK_CPU_UNBOUND.
This gcwq is always online and disassociated.
* Workers are not bound to any CPU and not concurrency managed. Works
are dispatched to workers as soon as possible and the only applied
limitation is @max_active. IOW, all unbound workqeueues are
implicitly high priority.
Unbound workqueues can be used as simple execution context provider.
Contexts unbound to any cpu are served as soon as possible.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
In preparation of WQ_UNBOUND addition, make the following changes.
* Add WORK_CPU_* constants for pseudo cpu id numbers used (currently
only WORK_CPU_NONE) and use them instead of NR_CPUS. This is to
allow another pseudo cpu id for unbound cpu.
* Reorder WQ_* flags.
* Make workqueue_struct->cpu_wq a union which contains a percpu
pointer, regular pointer and an unsigned long value and use
kzalloc/kfree() in UP allocation path. This will be used to
implement unbound workqueues which will use only one cwq on SMPs.
* Move alloc_cwqs() allocation after initialization of wq fields, so
that alloc_cwqs() has access to wq->flags.
* Trivial relocation of wq local variables in freeze functions.
These changes don't cause any functional change.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
When there's no pending work to do, worker_thread() goes back to sleep
after waking up without checking whether worker management is
necessary. This means that idle worker exit requests can be ignored
if the gcwq stays empty.
Fix it by making worker_thread() always check whether worker
management is necessary before going to sleep.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
get_work_gcwq() was incorrectly triggering BUG_ON() if cpu number is
equal to or higher than num_possible_cpus() instead of nr_cpu_ids.
Fix it.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
When one flusher is cascading to the next flusher, it first sets
wq->first_flusher to the next one and sets up the next flush cycle.
If there's nothing to do for the next cycle, it clears
wq->flush_flusher and proceeds to the one after that.
If the woken up flusher checks wq->first_flusher before it gets
cleared, it will incorrectly assume the role of the first flusher,
which triggers BUG_ON() sanity check.
Fix it by checking wq->first_flusher again after grabbing the mutex.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
worker_set/clr_flags() assume that if none of NOT_RUNNING flags is set
the worker must be contributing to nr_running which is only true if
the worker is actually running.
As when called from self, it is guaranteed that the worker is running,
those functions can be safely used from the worker itself and they
aren't necessary from other places anyway. Make the following changes
to fix the bug.
* Make worker_set/clr_flags() whine if not called from self.
* Convert all places which called those functions from other tasks to
manipulate flags directly.
* Make trustee_thread() directly clear nr_running after setting
WORKER_ROGUE on all workers. This is the only place where
nr_running manipulation is necessary outside of workers themselves.
* While at it, add sanity check for nr_running in worker_enter_idle().
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
This patch implements cpu intensive workqueue which can be specified
with WQ_CPU_INTENSIVE flag on creation. Works queued to a cpu
intensive workqueue don't participate in concurrency management. IOW,
it doesn't contribute to gcwq->nr_running and thus doesn't delay
excution of other works.
Note that although cpu intensive works won't delay other works, they
can be delayed by other works. Combine with WQ_HIGHPRI to avoid being
delayed by other works too.
As the name suggests this is useful when using workqueue for cpu
intensive works. Workers executing cpu intensive works are not
considered for workqueue concurrency management and left for the
scheduler to manage.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
This patch implements high priority workqueue which can be specified
with WQ_HIGHPRI flag on creation. A high priority workqueue has the
following properties.
* A work queued to it is queued at the head of the worklist of the
respective gcwq after other highpri works, while normal works are
always appended at the end.
* As long as there are highpri works on gcwq->worklist,
[__]need_more_worker() remains %true and process_one_work() wakes up
another worker before it start executing a work.
The above two properties guarantee that works queued to high priority
workqueues are dispatched to workers and start execution as soon as
possible regardless of the state of other works.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Implement the following utility APIs.
workqueue_set_max_active() : adjust max_active of a wq
workqueue_congested() : test whether a wq is contested
work_cpu() : determine the last / current cpu of a work
work_busy() : query whether a work is busy
* Anton Blanchard fixed missing ret initialization in work_busy().
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Anton Blanchard <anton@samba.org>
This patch makes changes to make new workqueue features available to
its users.
* Now that workqueue is more featureful, there should be a public
workqueue creation function which takes paramters to control them.
Rename __create_workqueue() to alloc_workqueue() and make 0
max_active mean WQ_DFL_ACTIVE. In the long run, all
create_workqueue_*() will be converted over to alloc_workqueue().
* To further unify access interface, rename keventd_wq to system_wq
and export it.
* Add system_long_wq and system_nrt_wq. The former is to host long
running works separately (so that flush_scheduled_work() dosen't
take so long) and the latter guarantees any queued work item is
never executed in parallel by multiple CPUs. These will be used by
future patches to update workqueue users.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Define WQ_MAX_ACTIVE and create keventd with max_active set to half of
it which means that keventd now can process upto WQ_MAX_ACTIVE / 2 - 1
works concurrently. Unless some combination can result in dependency
loop longer than max_active, deadlock won't happen and thus it's
unnecessary to check whether current_is_keventd() before trying to
schedule a work. Kill current_is_keventd().
(Lockdep annotations are broken. We need lock_map_acquire_read_norecurse())
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Instead of creating a worker for each cwq and putting it into the
shared pool, manage per-cpu workers dynamically.
Works aren't supposed to be cpu cycle hogs and maintaining just enough
concurrency to prevent work processing from stalling due to lack of
processing context is optimal. gcwq keeps the number of concurrent
active workers to minimum but no less. As long as there's one or more
running workers on the cpu, no new worker is scheduled so that works
can be processed in batch as much as possible but when the last
running worker blocks, gcwq immediately schedules new worker so that
the cpu doesn't sit idle while there are works to be processed.
gcwq always keeps at least single idle worker around. When a new
worker is necessary and the worker is the last idle one, the worker
assumes the role of "manager" and manages the worker pool -
ie. creates another worker. Forward-progress is guaranteed by having
dedicated rescue workers for workqueues which may be necessary while
creating a new worker. When the manager is having problem creating a
new worker, mayday timer activates and rescue workers are summoned to
the cpu and execute works which might be necessary to create new
workers.
Trustee is expanded to serve the role of manager while a CPU is being
taken down and stays down. As no new works are supposed to be queued
on a dead cpu, it just needs to drain all the existing ones. Trustee
continues to try to create new workers and summon rescuers as long as
there are pending works. If the CPU is brought back up while the
trustee is still trying to drain the gcwq from the previous offlining,
the trustee will kill all idles ones and tell workers which are still
busy to rebind to the cpu, and pass control over to gcwq which assumes
the manager role as necessary.
Concurrency managed worker pool reduces the number of workers
drastically. Only workers which are necessary to keep the processing
going are created and kept. Also, it reduces cache footprint by
avoiding unnecessarily switching contexts between different workers.
Please note that this patch does not increase max_active of any
workqueue. All workqueues can still only process one work per cpu.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Implement worker_{set|clr}_flags() to manipulate worker flags. These
are currently simple wrappers but logics to track the current worker
state and the current level of concurrency will be added.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Use gcwq->worklist instead of cwq->worklist and break the strict
association between a cwq and its worker. All works queued on a cpu
are queued on gcwq->worklist and processed by any available worker on
the gcwq.
As there no longer is strict association between a cwq and its worker,
whether a work is executing can now only be determined by calling
[__]find_worker_executing_work().
After this change, the only association between a cwq and its worker
is that a cwq puts a worker into shared worker pool on creation and
kills it on destruction. As all workqueues are still limited to
max_active of one, this means that there are always at least as many
workers as active works and thus there's no danger for deadlock.
The break of strong association between cwqs and workers requires
somewhat clumsy changes to current_is_keventd() and
destroy_workqueue(). Dynamic worker pool management will remove both
clumsy changes. current_is_keventd() won't be necessary at all as the
only reason it exists is to avoid queueing a work from a work which
will be allowed just fine. The clumsy part of destroy_workqueue() is
added because a worker can only be destroyed while idle and there's no
guarantee a worker is idle when its wq is going down. With dynamic
pool management, workers are not associated with workqueues at all and
only idle ones will be submitted to destroy_workqueue() so the code
won't be necessary anymore.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
With gcwq managing all the workers and work->data pointing to the last
gcwq it was on, non-reentrance can be easily implemented by checking
whether the work is still running on the previous gcwq on queueing.
Implement it.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
To implement non-reentrant workqueue, the last gcwq a work was
executed on must be reliably obtainable as long as the work structure
is valid even if the previous workqueue has been destroyed.
To achieve this, work->data will be overloaded to carry the last cpu
number once execution starts so that the previous gcwq can be located
reliably. This means that cwq can't be obtained from work after
execution starts but only gcwq.
Implement set_work_{cwq|cpu}(), get_work_[g]cwq() and
clear_work_data() to set work data to the cpu number when starting
execution, access the overloaded work data and clear it after
cancellation.
queue_delayed_work_on() is updated to preserve the last cpu while
in-flight in timer and other callers which depended on getting cwq
from work after execution starts are converted to depend on gcwq
instead.
* Anton Blanchard fixed compile error on powerpc due to missing
linux/threads.h include.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Anton Blanchard <anton@samba.org>
Now that all the workers are tracked by gcwq, we can find which worker
is executing a work from gcwq. Implement find_worker_executing_work()
and make worker track its current_cwq so that we can find things the
other way around. This will be used to implement non-reentrant wqs.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reimplement st (single thread) workqueue so that it's friendly to
shared worker pool. It was originally implemented by confining st
workqueues to use cwq of a fixed cpu and always having a worker for
the cpu. This implementation isn't very friendly to shared worker
pool and suboptimal in that it ends up crossing cpu boundaries often.
Reimplement st workqueue using dynamic single cpu binding and
cwq->limit. WQ_SINGLE_THREAD is replaced with WQ_SINGLE_CPU. In a
single cpu workqueue, at most single cwq is bound to the wq at any
given time. Arbitration is done using atomic accesses to
wq->single_cpu when queueing a work. Once bound, the binding stays
till the workqueue is drained.
Note that the binding is never broken while a workqueue is frozen.
This is because idle cwqs may have works waiting in delayed_works
queue while frozen. On thaw, the cwq is restarted if there are any
delayed works or unbound otherwise.
When combined with max_active limit of 1, single cpu workqueue has
exactly the same execution properties as the original single thread
workqueue while allowing sharing of per-cpu workers.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reimplement CPU hotplugging support using trustee thread. On CPU
down, a trustee thread is created and each step of CPU down is
executed by the trustee and workqueue_cpu_callback() simply drives and
waits for trustee state transitions.
CPU down operation no longer waits for works to be drained but trustee
sticks around till all pending works have been completed. If CPU is
brought back up while works are still draining,
workqueue_cpu_callback() tells trustee to step down and tell workers
to rebind to the cpu.
As it's difficult to tell whether cwqs are empty if it's freezing or
frozen, trustee doesn't consider draining to be complete while a gcwq
is freezing or frozen (tracked by new GCWQ_FREEZING flag). Also,
workers which get unbound from their cpu are marked with WORKER_ROGUE.
Trustee based implementation doesn't bring any new feature at this
point but it will be used to manage worker pool when dynamic shared
worker pool is implemented.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Implement worker states. After created, a worker is STARTED. While a
worker isn't processing a work, it's IDLE and chained on
gcwq->idle_list. While processing a work, a worker is BUSY and
chained on gcwq->busy_hash. Also, gcwq now counts the number of all
workers and idle ones.
worker_thread() is restructured to reflect state transitions.
cwq->more_work is removed and waking up a worker makes it check for
events. A worker is killed by setting DIE flag while it's IDLE and
waking it up.
This gives gcwq better visibility of what's going on and allows it to
find out whether a work is executing quickly which is necessary to
have multiple workers processing the same cwq.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
There is one gcwq (global cwq) per each cpu and all cwqs on an cpu
point to it. A gcwq contains a lock to be used by all cwqs on the cpu
and an ida to give IDs to workers belonging to the cpu.
This patch introduces gcwq, moves worker_ida into gcwq and make all
cwqs on the same cpu use the cpu's gcwq->lock instead of separate
locks. gcwq->ida is now protected by gcwq->lock too.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Currently, workqueue freezing is implemented by marking the worker
freezeable and calling try_to_freeze() from dispatch loop.
Reimplement it using cwq->limit so that the workqueue is frozen
instead of the worker.
* workqueue_struct->saved_max_active is added which stores the
specified max_active on initialization.
* On freeze, all cwq->max_active's are quenched to zero. Freezing is
complete when nr_active on all cwqs reach zero.
* On thaw, all cwq->max_active's are restored to wq->saved_max_active
and the worklist is repopulated.
This new implementation allows having single shared pool of workers
per cpu.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Add cwq->nr_active, cwq->max_active and cwq->delayed_work. nr_active
counts the number of active works per cwq. A work is active if it's
flushable (colored) and is on cwq's worklist. If nr_active reaches
max_active, new works are queued on cwq->delayed_work and activated
later as works on the cwq complete and decrement nr_active.
cwq->max_active can be specified via the new @max_active parameter to
__create_workqueue() and is set to 1 for all workqueues for now. As
each cwq has only single worker now, this double queueing doesn't
cause any behavior difference visible to its users.
This will be used to reimplement freeze/thaw and implement shared
worker pool.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
A work is linked to the next one by having WORK_STRUCT_LINKED bit set
and these links can be chained. When a linked work is dispatched to a
worker, all linked works are dispatched to the worker's newly added
->scheduled queue and processed back-to-back.
Currently, as there's only single worker per cwq, having linked works
doesn't make any visible behavior difference. This change is to
prepare for multiple shared workers per cpu.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Separate out worker thread related information to struct worker from
struct cpu_workqueue_struct and implement helper functions to deal
with the new struct worker. The only change which is visible outside
is that now workqueue worker are all named "kworker/CPUID:WORKERID"
where WORKERID is allocated from per-cpu ida.
This is in preparation of concurrency managed workqueue where shared
multiple workers would be available per cpu.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reimplement workqueue flushing using color coded works. wq has the
current work color which is painted on the works being issued via
cwqs. Flushing a workqueue is achieved by advancing the current work
colors of cwqs and waiting for all the works which have any of the
previous colors to drain.
Currently there are 16 possible colors, one is reserved for no color
and 15 colors are useable allowing 14 concurrent flushes. When color
space gets full, flush attempts are batched up and processed together
when color frees up, so even with many concurrent flushers, the new
implementation won't build up huge queue of flushers which has to be
processed one after another.
Only works which are queued via __queue_work() are colored. Works
which are directly put on queue using insert_work() use NO_COLOR and
don't participate in workqueue flushing. Currently only works used
for work-specific flush fall in this category.
This new implementation leaves only cleanup_workqueue_thread() as the
user of flush_cpu_workqueue(). Just make its users use
flush_workqueue() and kthread_stop() directly and kill
cleanup_workqueue_thread(). As workqueue flushing doesn't use barrier
request anymore, the comment describing the complex synchronization
around it in cleanup_workqueue_thread() is removed together with the
function.
This new implementation is to allow having and sharing multiple
workers per cpu.
Please note that one more bit is reserved for a future work flag by
this patch. This is to avoid shifting bits and updating comments
later.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
work->data field is used for two purposes. It points to cwq it's
queued on and the lower bits are used for flags. Currently, two bits
are reserved which is always safe as 4 byte alignment is guaranteed on
every architecture. However, future changes will need more flag bits.
On SMP, the percpu allocator is capable of honoring larger alignment
(there are other users which depend on it) and larger alignment works
just fine. On UP, percpu allocator is a thin wrapper around
kzalloc/kfree() and don't honor alignment request.
This patch introduces WORK_STRUCT_FLAG_BITS and implements
alloc/free_cwqs() which guarantees max(1 << WORK_STRUCT_FLAG_BITS,
__alignof__(unsigned long long) alignment both on SMP and UP. On SMP,
simply wrapping percpu allocator is enough. On UP, extra space is
allocated so that cwq can be aligned and the original pointer can be
stored after it which is used in the free path.
* Alignment problem on UP is reported by Michal Simek.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Reported-by: Michal Simek <michal.simek@petalogix.com>
Worker management is about to be overhauled. Simplify things by
removing cpu_populated_map, creating workers for all possible cpus and
making single threaded workqueues behave more like multi threaded
ones.
After this patch, all cwqs are always initialized, all workqueues are
linked on the workqueues list and workers for all possibles cpus
always exist. This also makes CPU hotplug support simpler - checking
->cpus_allowed before processing works in worker_thread() and flushing
cwqs on CPU_POST_DEAD are enough.
While at it, make get_cwq() always return the cwq for the specified
cpu, add target_cwq() for cases where single thread distinction is
necessary and drop all direct usage of per_cpu_ptr() on wq->cpu_wq.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Strip tracing code from workqueue and remove workqueue tracing. This
is temporary measure till concurrency managed workqueue is complete.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Work flags are about to see more traditional mask handling. Define
WORK_STRUCT_*_BIT as the bit position constant and redefine
WORK_STRUCT_* as bit masks. Also, make WORK_STRUCT_STATIC_* flags
conditional
While at it, re-define these constants as enums and use
WORK_STRUCT_STATIC instead of hard-coding 2 in
WORK_DATA_STATIC_INIT().
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Currently, __create_workqueue_key() takes @singlethread and
@freezeable paramters and store them separately in workqueue_struct.
Merge them into a single flags parameter and field and use
WQ_FREEZEABLE and WQ_SINGLE_THREAD.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Make the following updates in preparation of concurrency managed
workqueue. None of these changes causes any visible behavior
difference.
* Add comments and adjust indentations to data structures and several
functions.
* Rename wq_per_cpu() to get_cwq() and swap the position of two
parameters for consistency. Convert a direct per_cpu_ptr() access
to wq->cpu_wq to get_cwq().
* Add work_static() and Update set_wq_data() such that it sets the
flags part to WORK_STRUCT_PENDING | WORK_STRUCT_STATIC if static |
@extra_flags.
* Move santiy check on work->entry emptiness from queue_work_on() to
__queue_work() which all queueing paths share.
* Make __queue_work() take @cpu and @wq instead of @cwq.
* Restructure flush_work() and __create_workqueue_key() to make them
easier to modify.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
With stop_machine() converted to use cpu_stop, RT workqueue doesn't
have any user left. Kill RT workqueue support.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Some recent uses of RCU make use of workqueues. In these uses, execution
within the context of a specific workqueue takes the place of the usual
RCU read-side primitives such as rcu_read_lock(), and flushing of workqueues
takes the place of the usual RCU grace-period primitives. Checking for
correct use of rcu_dereference() in such cases requires a test of whether
the code is executing in the context of a particular workqueue. This
commit adds an in_workqueue_context() function that provides this test.
This new function is only defined when lockdep is enabled, which allows
it to be used as the second argument of rcu_dereference_check().
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
By the previous modification, the cpu notifier can return encapsulate
errno value. This converts the cpu notifiers for kernel/*.c
Signed-off-by: Akinobu Mita <akinobu.mita@gmail.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
In short: change cancel_work_sync(work) to mark this work as "never
queued" upon return.
When cancel_work_sync(work) succeeds, we know that this work can't be
queued or running, and since we own WORK_STRUCT_PENDING nobody can change
the bits in work->data under us. This means we can also clear the "cwq"
part along with _PENDING bit lockless before return, unless the work is
queued nobody can assume get_wq_data() is stable even under cwq->lock.
This change can speedup the subsequent cancel/flush requests, and as
Dmitry pointed out this simplifies the usage of work_struct's which
can be queued on different workqueues. Consider this pseudo code from
the input subsystem:
struct workqueue_struct *WQ;
struct work_struct *WORK;
for (;;) {
WQ = create_workqueue();
...
if (condition())
queue_work(WQ, WORK);
...
cancel_work_sync(WORK);
destroy_workqueue(WQ);
}
If condition() returns T and then F, cancel_work_sync() will crash the
kernel because WORK->data still points to the already destroyed workqueue.
With this patch the code like above becomes correct.
Suggested-by: Dmitry Torokhov <dmitry.torokhov@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
This patch (as1319) adds kerneldoc and a pointed warning to
flush_scheduled_work().
Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
flush_delayed_work() always uses keventd_wq for re-queueing,
but it should use the workqueue this dwork was queued on.
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Commit 65a6446434 ("HWPOISON: Allow
schedule_on_each_cpu() from keventd") which allows schedule_on_each_cpu()
to be called from keventd added a race condition. schedule_on_each_cpu()
may race with cpu hotplug and end up executing the function twice on a
cpu.
Fix it by moving direct execution into the section protected with
get/put_online_cpus(). While at it, update code such that direct
execution is done after works have been scheduled for all other cpus and
drop unnecessary cpu != orig test from flush loop.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Add debugobject support to track the life time of work_structs.
While at it, remove duplicate definition of
INIT_DELAYED_WORK_ON_STACK().
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
* 'hwpoison-2.6.32' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/ak/linux-mce-2.6:
HWPOISON: fix invalid page count in printk output
HWPOISON: Allow schedule_on_each_cpu() from keventd
HWPOISON: fix/proc/meminfo alignment
HWPOISON: fix oops on ksm pages
HWPOISON: Fix page count leak in hwpoison late kill in do_swap_page
HWPOISON: return early on non-LRU pages
HWPOISON: Add brief hwpoison description to Documentation
HWPOISON: Clean up PR_MCE_KILL interface
Right now when calling schedule_on_each_cpu() from keventd there
is a deadlock because it tries to schedule a work item on the current CPU
too. This happens via lru_add_drain_all() in hwpoison.
Just call the function for the current CPU in this case. This is actually
faster too.
Debugging with Fengguang Wu & Max Asbock
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
It basically turns a delayed work into an immediate work, and then waits
for it to finish, thus allowing you to force (and wait for) an immediate
flush of a delayed work.
We'll want to use this in the tty layer to clean up tty_flush_to_ldisc().
Acked-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
[ Fixed to use 'del_timer_sync()' as noted by Oleg ]
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* 'sched-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip: (64 commits)
sched: Fix sched::sched_stat_wait tracepoint field
sched: Disable NEW_FAIR_SLEEPERS for now
sched: Keep kthreads at default priority
sched: Re-tune the scheduler latency defaults to decrease worst-case latencies
sched: Turn off child_runs_first
sched: Ensure that a child can't gain time over it's parent after fork()
sched: enable SD_WAKE_IDLE
sched: Deal with low-load in wake_affine()
sched: Remove short cut from select_task_rq_fair()
sched: Turn on SD_BALANCE_NEWIDLE
sched: Clean up topology.h
sched: Fix dynamic power-balancing crash
sched: Remove reciprocal for cpu_power
sched: Try to deal with low capacity, fix update_sd_power_savings_stats()
sched: Try to deal with low capacity
sched: Scale down cpu_power due to RT tasks
sched: Implement dynamic cpu_power
sched: Add smt_gain
sched: Update the cpu_power sum during load-balance
sched: Add SD_PREFER_SIBLING
...
Two important aspects of the schedule_work() function are not
yet documented:
- that it is allowed to pass a struct work_struct * to this
function that is already on the kernel-global workqueue;
- the meaning of its return value.
The patch below documents both aspects.
Signed-off-by: Bart Van Assche <bart.vanassche@gmail.com>
Cc: "Greg Kroah-Hartman" <gregkh@suse.de>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
LKML-Reference: <200907301900.54202.bart.vanassche@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
v3: zhaolei@cn.fujitsu.com: Change TRACE_EVENT definition to new format
introduced by Steven Rostedt: consolidate trace and trace_event headers
v2: kosaki@jp.fujitsu.com: print the function names instead of addr, and zap
the work addr
v1: zhaolei@cn.fujitsu.com: Make workqueue tracepoints use TRACE_EVENT macro
TRACE_EVENT is a more generic way to define tracepoints.
Doing so adds these new capabilities to the tracepoints:
- zero-copy and per-cpu splice() tracing
- binary tracing without printf overhead
- structured logging records exposed under /debug/tracing/events
- trace events embedded in function tracer output and other plugins
- user-defined, per tracepoint filter expressions
Then, this patch converts DEFINE_TRACE to TRACE_EVENT in workqueue related
tracepoints.
[ Impact: expand workqueue tracer to events tracing ]
Signed-off-by: Zhao Lei <zhaolei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Tom Zanussi <tzanussi@gmail.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Impact: circular locking bugfix
The various implemetnations and proposed implemetnations of work_on_cpu()
are vulnerable to various deadlocks because they all used queues of some
form.
Unrelated pieces of kernel code thus gained dependencies wherein if one
work_on_cpu() caller holds a lock which some other work_on_cpu() callback
also takes, the kernel could rarely deadlock.
Fix this by creating a short-lived kernel thread for each work_on_cpu()
invokation.
This is not terribly fast, but the only current caller of work_on_cpu() is
pci_call_probe().
It would be nice to find some other way of doing the node-local
allocations in the PCI probe code so that we can zap work_on_cpu()
altogether. The code there is rather nasty. I can't think of anything
simple at this time...
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
* 'tracing-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip: (413 commits)
tracing, net: fix net tree and tracing tree merge interaction
tracing, powerpc: fix powerpc tree and tracing tree interaction
ring-buffer: do not remove reader page from list on ring buffer free
function-graph: allow unregistering twice
trace: make argument 'mem' of trace_seq_putmem() const
tracing: add missing 'extern' keywords to trace_output.h
tracing: provide trace_seq_reserve()
blktrace: print out BLK_TN_MESSAGE properly
blktrace: extract duplidate code
blktrace: fix memory leak when freeing struct blk_io_trace
blktrace: fix blk_probes_ref chaos
blktrace: make classic output more classic
blktrace: fix off-by-one bug
blktrace: fix the original blktrace
blktrace: fix a race when creating blk_tree_root in debugfs
blktrace: fix timestamp in binary output
tracing, Text Edit Lock: cleanup
tracing: filter fix for TRACE_EVENT_FORMAT events
ftrace: Using FTRACE_WARN_ON() to check "freed record" in ftrace_release()
x86: kretprobe-booster interrupt emulation code fix
...
Fix up trivial conflicts in
arch/parisc/include/asm/ftrace.h
include/linux/memory.h
kernel/extable.c
kernel/module.c
1) lockdep will complain when run_workqueue() performs recursion.
2) The recursive implementation of run_workqueue() means that
flush_workqueue() and its documentation are inconsistent. This may
hide deadlocks and other bugs.
3) The recursion in run_workqueue() will poison cwq->current_work, but
flush_work() and __cancel_work_timer(), etcetera need a reliable
cwq->current_work.
Signed-off-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Eric Dumazet <dada1@cosmosbay.com>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Impact: cleanup
Time to clean up remaining laggards using the old cpu_ functions.
Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com
Impact: remove potential clashes with generic kevent workqueue
Annoyingly, some places we want to use work_on_cpu are already in
workqueues. As per Ingo's suggestion, we create a different workqueue
for work_on_cpu.
Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Signed-off-by: Mike Travis <travis@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Impact: remove potential circular lock dependency with cpu hotplug lock
This has caused more problems than it solved, with a pile of cpu
hotplug locking issues.
Followup patches will get_online_cpus() in callers that need it, but
if they don't do it they're no worse than before when they were using
set_cpus_allowed without locking.
Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Signed-off-by: Mike Travis <travis@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Impact: new tracer
The workqueue tracer provides some statistical informations
about each cpu workqueue thread such as the number of the
works inserted and executed since their creation. It can help
to evaluate the amount of work each of them have to perform.
For example it can help a developer to decide whether he should
choose a per cpu workqueue instead of a singlethreaded one.
It only traces statistical informations for now but it will probably later
provide event tracing too.
Such a tracer could help too, and be improved, to help rt priority sorted
workqueue development.
To have a snapshot of the workqueues state at any time, just do
cat /debugfs/tracing/trace_stat/workqueues
Ie:
1 125 125 reiserfs/1
1 0 0 scsi_tgtd/1
1 0 0 aio/1
1 0 0 ata/1
1 114 114 kblockd/1
1 0 0 kintegrityd/1
1 2147 2147 events/1
0 0 0 kpsmoused
0 105 105 reiserfs/0
0 0 0 scsi_tgtd/0
0 0 0 aio/0
0 0 0 ata_aux
0 0 0 ata/0
0 0 0 cqueue
0 0 0 kacpi_notify
0 0 0 kacpid
0 149 149 kblockd/0
0 0 0 kintegrityd/0
0 1000 1000 khelper
0 2270 2270 events/0
Changes in V2:
_ Drop the static array based on NR_CPU and dynamically allocate the stat array
with num_possible_cpus() and other cpu mask facilities....
_ Trace workqueue insertion at a bit lower level (insert_work instead of queue_work) to handle
even the workqueue barriers.
Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Impact: Reduce memory usage, use new cpumask API.
cpu_populated_map becomes a cpumask_var_t, and cpu_singlethread_map is
simply a cpumask pointer: it's simply the cpumask containing the first
possible CPU anyway.
Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Conflicts:
security/keys/internal.h
security/keys/process_keys.c
security/keys/request_key.c
Fixed conflicts above by using the non 'tsk' versions.
Signed-off-by: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
Rename is_single_threaded() to is_wq_single_threaded() so that a new
is_single_threaded() can be created that refers to tasks rather than
waitqueues.
Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
Signed-off-by: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
Impact: introduce new APIs
We want to deprecate cpumasks on the stack, as we are headed for
gynormous numbers of CPUs. Eventually, we want to head towards an
undefined 'struct cpumask' so they can never be declared on stack.
1) New cpumask functions which take pointers instead of copies.
(cpus_* -> cpumask_*)
2) Several new helpers to reduce requirements for temporary cpumasks
(cpumask_first_and, cpumask_next_and, cpumask_any_and)
3) Helpers for declaring cpumasks on or offstack for large NR_CPUS
(cpumask_var_t, alloc_cpumask_var and free_cpumask_var)
4) 'struct cpumask' for explicitness and to mark new-style code.
5) Make iterator functions stop at nr_cpu_ids (a runtime constant),
not NR_CPUS for time efficiency and for smaller dynamic allocations
in future.
6) cpumask_copy() so we can allocate less than a full cpumask eventually
(for alloc_cpumask_var), and so we can eliminate the 'struct cpumask'
definition eventually.
7) work_on_cpu() helper for doing task on a CPU, rather than saving old
cpumask for current thread and manipulating it.
8) smp_call_function_many() which is smp_call_function_mask() except
taking a cpumask pointer.
Note that this patch simply introduces the new functions and leaves
the obsolescent ones in place. This is to simplify the transition
patches.
Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
create_rt_workqueue will create a real time prioritized workqueue.
This is needed for the conversion of stop_machine to a workqueue based
implementation.
This patch adds yet another parameter to __create_workqueue_key to tell
it that we want an rt workqueue.
However it looks like we rather should have something like "int type"
instead of singlethread, freezable and rt.
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
People can use the real name an an index into MAINTAINERS to find the
current email address.
Signed-off-by: Francois Cami <francois.cami@free.fr>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
the names were too generic:
drivers/uio/uio.c:87: error: expected identifier or '(' before 'do'
drivers/uio/uio.c:87: error: expected identifier or '(' before 'while'
drivers/uio/uio.c:113: error: 'map_release' undeclared here (not in a function)
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Most the free-standing lock_acquire() usages look remarkably similar, sweep
them into a new helper.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Dmitry Adamushko pointed out that the error handling in
__create_workqueue_key() is not clear, add the comment.
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: Dmitry Adamushko <dmitry.adamushko@gmail.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The bug was pointed out by Akinobu Mita <akinobu.mita@gmail.com>, and this
patch is based on his original patch.
workqueue_cpu_callback(CPU_UP_PREPARE) expects that if it returns
NOTIFY_BAD, _cpu_up() will send CPU_UP_CANCELED then.
However, this is not true since
"cpu hotplug: cpu: deliver CPU_UP_CANCELED only to NOTIFY_OKed callbacks with CPU_UP_PREPARE"
commit: a0d8cdb652
The callback which has returned NOTIFY_BAD will not receive
CPU_UP_CANCELED. Change the code to fulfil the CPU_UP_CANCELED logic if
CPU_UP_PREPARE fails.
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Reported-by: Akinobu Mita <akinobu.mita@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
schedule_on_each_cpu() can use schedule_work_on() to avoid the code
duplication.
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
queue_work() can use queue_work_on() to avoid the code duplication.
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
workqueue_cpu_callback(CPU_DEAD) flushes cwq->thread under
cpu_maps_update_begin(). This means that the multithreaded workqueues
can't use get_online_cpus() due to the possible deadlock, very bad and
very old problem.
Introduce the new state, CPU_POST_DEAD, which is called after
cpu_hotplug_done() but before cpu_maps_update_done().
Change workqueue_cpu_callback() to use CPU_POST_DEAD instead of CPU_DEAD.
This means that create/destroy functions can't rely on get_online_cpus()
any longer and should take cpu_add_remove_lock instead.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix CONFIG_SMP=n]
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Acked-by: Gautham R Shenoy <ego@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Max Krasnyansky <maxk@qualcomm.com>
Cc: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com>
Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Vegard Nossum <vegard.nossum@gmail.com>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Change schedule_on_each_cpu() to use flush_work() instead of
flush_workqueue(), this way we don't wait for other work_struct's which
can be queued meanwhile.
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: Jarek Poplawski <jarkao2@gmail.com>
Cc: Max Krasnyansky <maxk@qualcomm.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Most of users of flush_workqueue() can be changed to use cancel_work_sync(),
but sometimes we really need to wait for the completion and cancelling is not
an option. schedule_on_each_cpu() is good example.
Add the new helper, flush_work(work), which waits for the completion of the
specific work_struct. More precisely, it "flushes" the result of of the last
queue_work() which is visible to the caller.
For example, this code
queue_work(wq, work);
/* WINDOW */
queue_work(wq, work);
flush_work(work);
doesn't necessary work "as expected". What can happen in the WINDOW above is
- wq starts the execution of work->func()
- the caller migrates to another CPU
now, after the 2nd queue_work() this work is active on the previous CPU, and
at the same time it is queued on another. In this case flush_work(work) may
return before the first work->func() completes.
It is trivial to add another helper
int flush_work_sync(struct work_struct *work)
{
return flush_work(work) || wait_on_work(work);
}
which works "more correctly", but it has to iterate over all CPUs and thus
it much slower than flush_work().
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Acked-by: Max Krasnyansky <maxk@qualcomm.com>
Acked-by: Jarek Poplawski <jarkao2@gmail.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
insert_work() inserts the new work_struct before or after cwq->worklist,
depending on the "int tail" parameter. Change it to accept "list_head *"
instead, this shrinks .text a bit and allows us to insert the barrier
after specific work_struct.
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: Jarek Poplawski <jarkao2@gmail.com>
Cc: Max Krasnyansky <maxk@qualcomm.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This interface allows adding a job on a specific cpu.
Although a work struct on a cpu will be scheduled to other cpu if the cpu
dies, there is a recursion if a work task tries to offline the cpu it's
running on. we need to schedule the task to a specific cpu in this case.
http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=10897
[oleg@tv-sign.ru: cleanups]
Signed-off-by: Zhang Rui <rui.zhang@intel.com>
Tested-by: Rus <harbour@sfinx.od.ua>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Acked-by: Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz>
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Remove all clameter@sgi.com addresses from the kernel tree since they will
become invalid on June 27th. Change my maintainer email address for the
slab allocators to cl@linux-foundation.org (which will be the new email
address for the future).
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Cc: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Cc: Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Change references from for_each_cpu_mask to for_each_cpu_mask_nr
where appropriate
Reviewed-by: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Mike Travis <travis@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
timer_stats_timer_set_start_info is invoked twice, additionally, the
invocation of this function can be moved to where it is only called when a
delay is really required.
Signed-off-by: Andrew Liu <shengping.liu@windriver.com>
Cc: Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
cleanup_workqueue_thread() doesn't need the second argument, remove it.
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When cpu_populated_map was introduced, it was supposed that cwq->thread can
survive after CPU_DEAD, that is why we never shrink cpu_populated_map.
This is not very nice, we can safely remove the already dead CPU from the map.
The only required change is that destroy_workqueue() must hold the hotplug
lock until it destroys all cwq->thread's, to protect the cpu_populated_map.
We could make the local copy of cpu mask and drop the lock, but
sizeof(cpumask_t) may be very large.
Also, fix the comment near queue_work(). Unless _cpu_down() happens we do
guarantee the cpu-affinity of the work_struct, and we have users which rely on
this.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: repair comment]
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Add timer list annotations to workqueue.c so we can see the call site
in the timer stats.
Signed-off-by: Pavel Machek <Pavel@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
delayed_work_timer_fn() is a timer function, make it static.
Signed-off-by: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This patch converts the known per-subsystem mutexes to get_online_cpus
put_online_cpus. It also eliminates the CPU_LOCK_ACQUIRE and
CPU_LOCK_RELEASE hotplug notification events.
Signed-off-by: Gautham R Shenoy <ego@in.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Dave Young reported warnings from lockdep that the workqueue API
can sometimes try to register lockdep classes with the same key
but different names. This is not permitted in lockdep.
Unfortunately, I was unaware of that restriction when I wrote
the code to debug workqueue problems with lockdep and used the
workqueue name as the lockdep class name. This can obviously
lead to the problem if the workqueue name is dynamic.
This patch solves the problem by always using a constant name
for the workqueue's lockdep class, namely either the constant
name that was passed in or a string consisting of the variable
name.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
The task_struct->pid member is going to be deprecated, so start
using the helpers (task_pid_nr/task_pid_vnr/task_pid_nr_ns) in
the kernel.
The first thing to start with is the pid, printed to dmesg - in
this case we may safely use task_pid_nr(). Besides, printks produce
more (much more) than a half of all the explicit pid usage.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: git-drm went and changed lots of stuff]
Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Cc: Dave Airlie <airlied@linux.ie>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
In the following scenario:
code path 1:
my_function() -> lock(L1); ...; flush_workqueue(); ...
code path 2:
run_workqueue() -> my_work() -> ...; lock(L1); ...
you can get a deadlock when my_work() is queued or running
but my_function() has acquired L1 already.
This patch adds a pseudo-lock to each workqueue to make lockdep
warn about this scenario.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Signed-off-by: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
Acked-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Fix bogus DEBUG_PREEMPT warning on x86_64, when cpu brought online after
bootup: current_is_keventd is right to note its use of smp_processor_id
is preempt-safe, but should use raw_smp_processor_id to avoid the warning.
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Pointed out by Michal Schmidt <mschmidt@redhat.com>.
The bug was introduced in 2.6.22 by me.
cleanup_workqueue_thread() does flush_cpu_workqueue(cwq) in a loop until
->worklist becomes empty. This is live-lockable, a re-niced caller can get
CPU after wake_up() and insert a new barrier before the lower-priority
cwq->thread has a chance to clear ->current_work.
Change cleanup_workqueue_thread() to do flush_cpu_workqueue(cwq) only once.
We can rely on the fact that run_workqueue() won't return until it flushes
all works. So it is safe to call kthread_stop() after that, the "should
stop" request won't be noticed until run_workqueue() returns.
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: Michal Schmidt <mschmidt@redhat.com>
Cc: Srivatsa Vaddagiri <vatsa@in.ibm.com>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Currently, the freezer treats all tasks as freezable, except for the kernel
threads that explicitly set the PF_NOFREEZE flag for themselves. This
approach is problematic, since it requires every kernel thread to either
set PF_NOFREEZE explicitly, or call try_to_freeze(), even if it doesn't
care for the freezing of tasks at all.
It seems better to only require the kernel threads that want to or need to
be frozen to use some freezer-related code and to remove any
freezer-related code from the other (nonfreezable) kernel threads, which is
done in this patch.
The patch causes all kernel threads to be nonfreezable by default (ie. to
have PF_NOFREEZE set by default) and introduces the set_freezable()
function that should be called by the freezable kernel threads in order to
unset PF_NOFREEZE. It also makes all of the currently freezable kernel
threads call set_freezable(), so it shouldn't cause any (intentional)
change of behaviour to appear. Additionally, it updates documentation to
describe the freezing of tasks more accurately.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: build fixes]
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Acked-by: Nigel Cunningham <nigel@nigel.suspend2.net>
Cc: Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: Gautham R Shenoy <ego@in.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Change cancel_work_sync() and cancel_delayed_work_sync() to return a boolean
indicating whether the work was actually cancelled. A zero return value means
that the work was not pending/queued.
Without that kind of change it is not possible to avoid flush_workqueue()
sometimes, see the next patch as an example.
Also, this patch unifies both functions and kills the (unlikely) busy-wait
loop.
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Acked-by: Jarek Poplawski <jarkao2@o2.pl>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Imho, the current naming of cancel_xxx workqueue functions is very confusing.
cancel_delayed_work()
cancel_rearming_delayed_work()
cancel_rearming_delayed_workqueue() // obsolete
cancel_work_sync()
This looks as if the first 2 functions differ in "type" of their argument
which is not true any longer, nowadays the difference is the behaviour.
The semantics of cancel_rearming_delayed_work(dwork) was changed
significantly, it doesn't require that dwork rearms itself, and cancels dwork
synchronously.
Rename it to cancel_delayed_work_sync(). This matches cancel_delayed_work()
and cancel_work_sync(). Re-create cancel_rearming_delayed_work() as a simple
inline obsolete wrapper, like cancel_rearming_delayed_workqueue().
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Acked-by: Jarek Poplawski <jarkao2@o2.pl>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
cleanup_workqueue_thread() and cwq_should_stop() are overcomplicated.
Convert the code to use kthread_should_stop/kthread_stop as was
suggested by Gautham and Srivatsa.
In particular this patch removes the (unlikely) busy-wait loop from the
exit path, it was a temporary and ugly kludge (if not a bug).
Note: the current code was designed to solve another old problem:
work->func can't share locks with hotplug callbacks. I think this could
be done, see
http://marc.info/?l=linux-kernel&m=116905366428633
but this needs some more complications to preserve CPU affinity of
cwq->thread during cpu_up(). A freezer-based hotplug looks more
appealing.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: make it more tolerant of gcc borkenness]
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: Zilvinas Valinskas <zilvinas@wilibox.com>
Cc: Gautham R Shenoy <ego@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Srivatsa Vaddagiri <vatsa@in.ibm.com>
Cc: "Rafael J. Wysocki" <rjw@sisk.pl>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Since nonboot CPUs are now disabled after tasks and devices have been
frozen and the CPU hotplug infrastructure is used for this purpose, we need
special CPU hotplug notifications that will help the CPU-hotplug-aware
subsystems distinguish normal CPU hotplug events from CPU hotplug events
related to a system-wide suspend or resume operation in progress. This
patch introduces such notifications and causes them to be used during
suspend and resume transitions. It also changes all of the
CPU-hotplug-aware subsystems to take these notifications into consideration
(for now they are handled in the same way as the corresponding "normal"
ones).
[oleg@tv-sign.ru: cleanups]
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Cc: Gautham R Shenoy <ego@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz>
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Thanks to Jarek Poplawski for the ideas and for spotting the bug in the
initial draft patch.
cancel_rearming_delayed_work() currently has many limitations, because it
requires that dwork always re-arms itself via queue_delayed_work(). So it
hangs forever if dwork doesn't do this, or cancel_rearming_delayed_work/
cancel_delayed_work was already called. It uses flush_workqueue() in a
loop, so it can't be used if workqueue was freezed, and it is potentially
live- lockable on busy system if delay is small.
With this patch cancel_rearming_delayed_work() doesn't make any assumptions
about dwork, it can re-arm itself via queue_delayed_work(), or
queue_work(), or do nothing.
As a "side effect", cancel_work_sync() was changed to handle re-arming works
as well.
Disadvantages:
- this patch adds wmb() to insert_work().
- slowdowns the fast path (when del_timer() succeeds on entry) of
cancel_rearming_delayed_work(), because wait_on_work() is called
unconditionally. In that case, compared to the old version, we are
doing "unneeded" lock/unlock for each online CPU.
On the other hand, this means we don't need to use cancel_work_sync()
after cancel_rearming_delayed_work().
- complicates the code (.text grows by 130 bytes).
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix speling]
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: David Chinner <dgc@sgi.com>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: Gautham Shenoy <ego@in.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Jarek Poplawski <jarkao2@o2.pl>
Cc: Srivatsa Vaddagiri <vatsa@in.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
worker_thread() inherits ignored SIGCHLD and numa_default_policy() from its
parent, kthreadd. No need to setup this again.
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Acked-by: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
flush_work(wq, work) doesn't need the first parameter, we can use cwq->wq
(this was possible from the very beginnig, I missed this). So we can unify
flush_work_keventd and flush_work.
Also, rename flush_work() to cancel_work_sync() and fix all callers.
Perhaps this is not the best name, but "flush_work" is really bad.
(akpm: this is why the earlier patches bypassed maintainers)
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: Jeff Garzik <jeff@garzik.org>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <htejun@gmail.com>
Cc: Auke Kok <auke-jan.h.kok@intel.com>,
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
worker_thread() can miss freeze_process()->signal_wake_up() if it happens
between try_to_freeze() and prepare_to_wait(). We should check freezing()
before entering schedule().
This race was introduced by me in
[PATCH 1/1] workqueue: don't migrate pending works from the dead CPU
Looks like mm/vmscan.c:kswapd() has the same race.
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
worker_thread() doesn't need to "Block and flush all signals", this was
already done by its caller, kthread().
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
We don't have any users, and it is not so trivial to use NOAUTOREL works
correctly. It is better to simplify API.
Delete NOAUTOREL support and rename work_release to work_clear_pending to
avoid a confusion.
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Acked-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
cancel_rearming_delayed_workqueue(wq, dwork) doesn't need the first
parameter. We don't hang on un-queued dwork any longer, and work->data
doesn't change its type. This means we can always figure out "wq" from
dwork when it is needed.
Remove this parameter, and rename the function to
cancel_rearming_delayed_work(). Re-create an inline "obsolete"
cancel_rearming_delayed_workqueue(wq) which just calls
cancel_rearming_delayed_work().
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cleanup. A number of per_cpu_ptr(wq->cpu_wq, cpu) users have to check that
cpu is valid for this wq. Make a simple helper.
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Currently typeof(delayed_work->work.data) is
"struct workqueue_struct" when the timer is pending
"struct cpu_workqueue_struct" whe the work is queued
This makes impossible to use flush_fork(delayed_work->work) in addition
to cancel_delayed_work/cancel_rearming_delayed_work, not good.
Change queue_delayed_work/delayed_work_timer_fn to use cwq, not wq. This
complicates (and uglifies) these functions a little bit, but alows us to
use flush_fork(dwork) and imho makes the whole code more consistent.
Also, document the fact that cancel_rearming_delayed_work() doesn't garantee
the completion of work->func() upon return.
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
CPU_UP_PREPARE binds cwq->thread to the new CPU. So CPU_UP_CANCELED tries to
wake up the task which is bound to the failed CPU.
With this patch we don't bind cwq->thread until CPU becomes online. The first
wake_up() after kthread_create() is a bit special, make a simple helper for
that.
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: Gautham R Shenoy <ego@in.ibm.com>
Cc: "Rafael J. Wysocki" <rjw@sisk.pl>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The only caller of init_workqueues() is do_basic_setup().
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Add explicit workqueue_struct->singlethread flag. This lessens .text a
little, but most importantly this allows us to manipulate wq->list without
changine the meaning of is_single_threaded().
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The code like
if (is_single_threaded(wq))
do_something(singlethread_cpu);
else {
for_each_cpu_mask(cpu, cpu_populated_map)
do_something(cpu);
}
looks very annoying. We can add "static cpumask_t cpu_singlethread_map" and
simplify the code. Lessens .text a bit, and imho makes the code more readable.
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
cancel_rearming_delayed_workqueue(dwork) will hang forever if dwork was not
scheduled, because in that case cancel_delayed_work()->del_timer_sync() never
returns true.
I don't know if there are any callers which may have problems, but this is not
so convenient, and the fix is very simple.
Q: looks like we don't need "struct workqueue_struct *wq" parameter. If the
timer was aborted successfully, get_wq_data() == wq. Is it worth to add the
new function?
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Because it has no callers.
Actually, I think the whole idea of run_scheduled_work() was not right, not
good to mix "unqueue this work and execute its ->func()" in one function.
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Currently CPU_DEAD uses kthread_stop() to stop cwq->thread and then
transfers cwq->worklist to another CPU. However, it is very unlikely that
worker_thread() will notice kthread_should_stop() before flushing
cwq->worklist. It is only possible if worker_thread() was preempted after
run_workqueue(cwq), a new work_struct was added, and CPU_DEAD happened
before cwq->thread has a chance to run.
This means that take_over_work() mostly adds unneeded complications. Note
also that kthread_stop() is not good per se, wake_up_process() may confuse
work->func() if it sleeps waiting for some event.
Remove take_over_work() and migrate_sequence complications. CPU_DEAD sets
the cwq->should_stop flag (introduced by this patch) and waits for
cwq->thread to flush cwq->worklist and exit. Because the dead CPU is not
on cpu_online_map, no more works can be added to that cwq.
cpu_populated_map was introduced to optimize for_each_possible_cpu(), it is
not strictly needed, and it is more a documentation in fact.
Saves 418 bytes.
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: Srivatsa Vaddagiri <vatsa@in.ibm.com>
Cc: "Pallipadi, Venkatesh" <venkatesh.pallipadi@intel.com>
Cc: Gautham shenoy <ego@in.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Pointed out by Srivatsa Vaddagiri.
cleanup_workqueue_thread() sets cwq->thread = NULL and does kthread_stop().
This breaks the "if (cwq->thread == current)" logic in flush_cpu_workqueue()
and leads to deadlock.
Kill the thead first, then clear cwq->thread. workqueue_mutex protects us
from create_workqueue_thread() so we don't need cwq->lock.
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: Srivatsa Vaddagiri <vatsa@in.ibm.com>
Cc: "Pallipadi, Venkatesh" <venkatesh.pallipadi@intel.com>
Cc: Gautham shenoy <ego@in.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Many thanks to Srivatsa Vaddagiri for the helpful discussion and for spotting
the bug in my previous attempt.
work->func() (and thus flush_workqueue()) must not use workqueue_mutex,
this leads to deadlock when CPU_DEAD does kthread_stop(). However without
this mutex held we can't detect CPU_DEAD in progress, which can move pending
works to another CPU while the dead one is not on cpu_online_map.
Change flush_workqueue() to use for_each_possible_cpu(). This means that
flush_cpu_workqueue() may hit CPU which is already dead. However in that
case
!list_empty(&cwq->worklist) || cwq->current_work != NULL
means that CPU_DEAD in progress, it will do kthread_stop() + take_over_work()
so we can proceed and insert a barrier. We hold cwq->lock, so we are safe.
Also, add migrate_sequence incremented by take_over_work() under cwq->lock.
If take_over_work() happened before we checked this CPU, we should see the
new value after spin_unlock().
Further possible changes:
remove CPU_DEAD handling (along with take_over_work, migrate_sequence)
from workqueue.c. CPU_DEAD just sets cwq->please_exit_after_flush flag.
CPU_UP_PREPARE->create_workqueue_thread() clears this flag, and creates
the new thread if cwq->thread == NULL.
This way the workqueue/cpu-hotplug interaction is almost zero, workqueue_mutex
just protects "workqueues" list, CPU_LOCK_ACQUIRE/CPU_LOCK_RELEASE go away.
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: Srivatsa Vaddagiri <vatsa@in.ibm.com>
Cc: "Pallipadi, Venkatesh" <venkatesh.pallipadi@intel.com>
Cc: Gautham shenoy <ego@in.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Currently ->freezeable is per-cpu, this is wrong. CPU_UP_PREPARE creates
cwq->thread which is not freezeable. Move ->freezeable to workqueue_struct.
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: Srivatsa Vaddagiri <vatsa@in.ibm.com>
Cc: "Pallipadi, Venkatesh" <venkatesh.pallipadi@intel.com>
Cc: Gautham shenoy <ego@in.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Now when we have ->current_work we can avoid adding a barrier and waiting
for its completition when cwq's queue is empty.
Note: this change is also useful if we change flush_workqueue() to also
check the dead CPUs.
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: Srivatsa Vaddagiri <vatsa@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Gautham Shenoy <ego@in.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
A basic problem with flush_scheduled_work() is that it blocks behind _all_
presently-queued works, rather than just the work whcih the caller wants to
flush. If the caller holds some lock, and if one of the queued work happens
to want that lock as well then accidental deadlocks can occur.
One example of this is the phy layer: it wants to flush work while holding
rtnl_lock(). But if a linkwatch event happens to be queued, the phy code will
deadlock because the linkwatch callback function takes rtnl_lock.
So we implement a new function which will flush a *single* work - just the one
which the caller wants to free up. Thus we avoid the accidental deadlocks
which can arise from unrelated subsystems' callbacks taking shared locks.
flush_work() non-blockingly dequeues the work_struct which we want to kill,
then it waits for its handler to complete on all CPUs.
Add ->current_work to the "struct cpu_workqueue_struct", it points to
currently running "struct work_struct". When flush_work(work) detects
->current_work == work, it inserts a barrier at the _head_ of ->worklist
(and thus right _after_ that work) and waits for completition. This means
that the next work fired on that CPU will be this barrier, or another
barrier queued by concurrent flush_work(), so the caller of flush_work()
will be woken before any "regular" work has a chance to run.
When wait_on_work() unlocks workqueue_mutex (or whatever we choose to protect
against CPU hotplug), CPU may go away. But in that case take_over_work() will
move a barrier we queued to another CPU, it will be fired sometime, and
wait_on_work() will be woken.
Actually, we are doing cleanup_workqueue_thread()->kthread_stop() before
take_over_work(), so cwq->thread should complete its ->worklist (and thus
the barrier), because currently we don't check kthread_should_stop() in
run_workqueue(). But even if we did, everything should be ok.
[akpm@osdl.org: cleanup]
[akpm@osdl.org: add flush_work_keventd() wrapper]
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Remove ->remove_sequence, ->insert_sequence, and ->work_done from struct
cpu_workqueue_struct. To implement flush_workqueue() we can queue a
barrier work on each CPU and wait for its completition.
The barrier is queued under workqueue_mutex to ensure that per cpu
wq->cpu_wq is alive, we drop this mutex before going to sleep. If CPU goes
down while we are waiting for completition, take_over_work() will move the
barrier on another CPU, and the handler will wake up us eventually.
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
We take workqueue_mutex in there to keep CPU hotplug away. But
preempt_disable() will suffice for that.
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
A variety of (mostly) innocuous fixes to the embedded kernel-doc content in
source files, including:
* make multi-line initial descriptions single line
* denote some function names, constants and structs as such
* change erroneous opening '/*' to '/**' in a few places
* reword some text for clarity
Signed-off-by: Robert P. J. Day <rpjday@mindspring.com>
Cc: "Randy.Dunlap" <rdunlap@xenotime.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
fix the schedule_on_each_cpu() implementation: __queue_work() is now
stricter, hence set the work-pending bit before passing in the new work.
(found in the -rt tree, using Peter Zijlstra's files-lock scalability
patchset)
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
On architectures where the atomicity of the bit operations is handled by
external means (ie a separate spinlock to protect concurrent accesses),
just doing a direct assignment on the workqueue data field (as done by
commit 4594bf159f) can cause the
assignment to be lost due to lack of serialization with the bitops on
the same word.
So we need to serialize the assignment with the locks on those
architectures (notably older ARM chips, PA-RISC and sparc32).
So rather than using an "unsigned long", let's use "atomic_long_t",
which already has a safe assignment operation (atomic_long_set()) on
such architectures.
This requires that the atomic operations use the same atomicity locks as
the bit operations do, but that is largely the case anyway. Sparc32
will probably need fixing.
Architectures (including modern ARM with LL/SC) that implement sane
atomic operations for SMP won't see any of this matter.
Cc: Russell King <rmk+lkml@arm.linux.org.uk>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.com>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <matthew@wil.cx>
Cc: Linux Arch Maintainers <linux-arch@vger.kernel.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Use direct assignment rather than cmpxchg() as the latter is unavailable
and unimplementable on some platforms and is actually unnecessary.
The use of cmpxchg() was to guard against two possibilities, neither of
which can actually occur:
(1) The pending flag may have been unset or may be cleared. However, given
where it's called, the pending flag is _always_ set. I don't think it
can be unset whilst we're in set_wq_data().
Once the work is enqueued to be actually run, the only way off the queue
is for it to be actually run.
If it's a delayed work item, then the bit can't be cleared by the timer
because we haven't started the timer yet. Also, the pending bit can't be
cleared by cancelling the delayed work _until_ the work item has had its
timer started.
(2) The workqueue pointer might change. This can only happen in two cases:
(a) The work item has just been queued to actually run, and so we're
protected by the appropriate workqueue spinlock.
(b) A delayed work item is being queued, and so the timer hasn't been
started yet, and so no one else knows about the work item or can
access it (the pending bit protects us).
Besides, set_wq_data() _sets_ the workqueue pointer unconditionally, so
it can be assigned instead.
So, replacing the set_wq_data() with a straight assignment would be okay
in most cases.
The problem is where we end up tangling with test_and_set_bit() emulated
using spinlocks, and even then it's not a problem _provided_
test_and_set_bit() doesn't attempt to modify the word if the bit was
set.
If that's a problem, then a bitops-proofed assignment will be required -
equivalent to atomic_set() vs other atomic_xxx() ops.
Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
This allows workqueue users to run just their own pending work, rather
than wait for the whole workqueue to finish running. This solves the
deadlock with networking libphy that was due to other workqueue entries
possibly needing a lock that was held by the routine that wanted to
flush its own work.
It's not wonderful: if you absolutely need to synchronize with the work
function having been executed, any user strictly speaking should have
its own completion tracking logic, since when we run things explicitly
by hand, the generic workqueue layer can no longer help us synchronize.
Also, this is strictly only usable for work that has been scheduled
without any delayed timers. You can not mix the new interface with
schedule_delayed_work().
But it's better than what we had currently.
Acked-by: Maciej W. Rozycki <macro@linux-mips.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
There was lots of #ifdef noise in the kernel due to hotcpu_notifier(fn,
prio) not correctly marking 'fn' as used in the !HOTPLUG_CPU case, and thus
generating compiler warnings of unused symbols, hence forcing people to add
#ifdefs.
the compiler can skip truly unused functions just fine:
text data bss dec hex filename
1624412 728710 3674856 6027978 5bfaca vmlinux.before
1624412 728710 3674856 6027978 5bfaca vmlinux.after
[akpm@osdl.org: topology.c fix]
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Workqueue functions should not leak locks, assert so, printing the
last function ran.
Use macros in lockdep.h to avoid include dependency pains.
[akpm@osdl.org: build fix]
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Make it possible to create a workqueue the worker thread of which will be
frozen during suspend, along with other kernel threads.
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Acked-by: Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz>
Cc: Nigel Cunningham <nigel@suspend2.net>
Cc: David Chinner <dgc@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Pass the work_struct pointer to the work function rather than context data.
The work function can use container_of() to work out the data.
For the cases where the container of the work_struct may go away the moment the
pending bit is cleared, it is made possible to defer the release of the
structure by deferring the clearing of the pending bit.
To make this work, an extra flag is introduced into the management side of the
work_struct. This governs auto-release of the structure upon execution.
Ordinarily, the work queue executor would release the work_struct for further
scheduling or deallocation by clearing the pending bit prior to jumping to the
work function. This means that, unless the driver makes some guarantee itself
that the work_struct won't go away, the work function may not access anything
else in the work_struct or its container lest they be deallocated.. This is a
problem if the auxiliary data is taken away (as done by the last patch).
However, if the pending bit is *not* cleared before jumping to the work
function, then the work function *may* access the work_struct and its container
with no problems. But then the work function must itself release the
work_struct by calling work_release().
In most cases, automatic release is fine, so this is the default. Special
initiators exist for the non-auto-release case (ending in _NAR).
Signed-Off-By: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Reclaim a word from the size of the work_struct by folding the pending bit and
the wq_data pointer together. This shouldn't cause misalignment problems as
all pointers should be at least 4-byte aligned.
Signed-Off-By: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Define a type for the work function prototype. It's not only kept in the
work_struct struct, it's also passed as an argument to several functions.
This makes it easier to change it.
Signed-Off-By: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Separate delayable work items from non-delayable work items be splitting them
into a separate structure (delayed_work), which incorporates a work_struct and
the timer_list removed from work_struct.
The work_struct struct is huge, and this limits it's usefulness. On a 64-bit
architecture it's nearly 100 bytes in size. This reduces that by half for the
non-delayable type of event.
Signed-Off-By: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
This patch (as812) changes the kerneldoc comments explaining the return
values from queue_work(), queue_delayed_work(), and
queue_delayed_work_on(). The updated comments explain more accurately the
meaning of the return code and avoid suggesting that a 0 value means the
routine was unsuccessful.
Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Switch the memory policy of the kevent threads to MPOL_DEFAULT while
leaving the kzalloc of the workqueue structure on interleave. This means
that all code executed in the context of the kevent thread is allocating
node local.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Cc: Alok Kataria <alok.kataria@calsoftinc.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
Cc: <pj@sgi.com>
Cc: <shai@scalex86.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Use a private lock instead. It protects all per-cpu data structures in
workqueue.c, including the workqueues list.
Fix a bug in schedule_on_each_cpu(): it was forgetting to lock down the
per-cpu resources.
Unfixed long-standing bug: if someone unplugs the CPU identified by
`singlethread_cpu' the kernel will get very sick.
Cc: Dave Jones <davej@codemonkey.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
kernel/workqueue.c was omitted from generating kernel documentation. This
adds a new section "Workqueues and Kevents" and adds documentation for some
of the functions.
Some functions in this file already had DocBook-style comments, now they
finally become visible.
Signed-off-by: Rolf Eike Beer <eike-kernel@sf-tec.de>
Cc: "Randy.Dunlap" <rdunlap@xenotime.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
* master.kernel.org:/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/davej/cpufreq:
Move workqueue exports to where the functions are defined.
[CPUFREQ] Misc cleanups in ondemand.
[CPUFREQ] Make ondemand sampling per CPU and remove the mutex usage in sampling path.
[CPUFREQ] Add queue_delayed_work_on() interface for workqueues.
[CPUFREQ] Remove slowdown from ondemand sampling path.
cleanup: remove task_t and convert all the uses to struct task_struct. I
introduced it for the scheduler anno and it was a mistake.
Conversion was mostly scripted, the result was reviewed and all
secondary whitespace and style impact (if any) was fixed up by hand.
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
In 2.6.17, there was a problem with cpu_notifiers and XFS. I provided a
band-aid solution to solve that problem. In the process, i undid all the
changes you both were making to ensure that these notifiers were available
only at init time (unless CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU is defined).
We deferred the real fix to 2.6.18. Here is a set of patches that fixes the
XFS problem cleanly and makes the cpu notifiers available only at init time
(unless CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU is defined).
If CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU is defined then cpu notifiers are available at run
time.
This patch reverts the notifier_call changes made in 2.6.17
Signed-off-by: Chandra Seetharaman <sekharan@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Ashok Raj <ashok.raj@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
If a cpu hotplug callback fails on CPU_UP_PREPARE, all callbacks will be
called with CPU_UP_CANCELED. A few of these callbacks assume that on
CPU_UP_PREPARE a pointer to task has been stored in a percpu array. This
assumption is not true if CPU_UP_PREPARE fails and the following calls to
kthread_bind() in CPU_UP_CANCELED will cause an addressing exception
because of passing a NULL pointer.
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Ashok Raj <ashok.raj@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
schedule_on_each_cpu() presently does a large kmalloc - 96 kbytes on 1024 CPU
64-bit.
Rework it so that we do one 8192-byte allocation and then a pile of tiny ones,
via alloc_percpu(). This has a much higher chance of success (100% in the
current VM).
This also has the effect of reducing the memory requirements from NR_CPUS*n to
num_possible_cpus()*n.
Cc: Christoph Lameter <clameter@engr.sgi.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@muc.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
list_splice_init(list, head) does unneeded job if it is known that
list_empty(head) == 1. We can use list_replace_init() instead.
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Few of the notifier_chain_register() callers use __init in the definition
of notifier_call. It is incorrect as the function definition should be
available after the initializations (they do not unregister them during
initializations).
This patch fixes all such usages to _not_ have the notifier_call __init
section.
Signed-off-by: Chandra Seetharaman <sekharan@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
We have several points in the SCSI stack (primarily for our device
functions) where we need to guarantee process context, but (given the
place where the last reference was released) we cannot guarantee this.
This API gets around the issue by executing the function directly if
the caller has process context, but scheduling a workqueue to execute
in process context if the caller doesn't have it.
Signed-off-by: James Bottomley <James.Bottomley@SteelEye.com>
Remove the "inline" keyword from a bunch of big functions in the kernel with
the goal of shrinking it by 30kb to 40kb
Signed-off-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Acked-by: Jeff Garzik <jgarzik@pobox.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Use first_cpu(cpu_possible_map) for the single-thread workqueue case. We
used to hardcode 0, but that broke on systems where !cpu_possible(0) when
workqueue_struct->cpu_workqueue_struct was changed from a static array to
alloc_percpu.
Commit id bce61dd49d ("Fix hardcoded cpu=0 in
workqueue for per_cpu_ptr() calls") fixed that for Ben's funky sparc64
system, but it regressed my Power5. Offlining cpu 0 oopses upon the next
call to queue_work for a single-thread workqueue, because now we try to
manipulate per_cpu_ptr(wq->cpu_wq, 1), which is uninitialized.
So we need to establish an unchanging "slot" for single-thread workqueues
which will have a valid percpu allocation. Since alloc_percpu keys off of
cpu_possible_map, which must not change after initialization, make this
slot == first_cpu(cpu_possible_map).
Signed-off-by: Nathan Lynch <ntl@pobox.com>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
__create_workqueue() not checking return of alloc_percpu()
NULL dereference was possible.
Signed-off-by: Ben Collins <bcollins@ubuntu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
swap migration's isolate_lru_page() currently uses an IPI to notify other
processors that the lru caches need to be drained if the page cannot be
found on the LRU. The IPI interrupt may interrupt a processor that is just
processing lru requests and cause a race condition.
This patch introduces a new function run_on_each_cpu() that uses the
keventd() to run the LRU draining on each processor. Processors disable
preemption when dealing the LRU caches (these are per processor) and thus
executing LRU draining from another process is safe.
Thanks to Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com> for finding this race
condition.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Tracked this down on an Ultra Enterprise 3000. It's a 6-way machine. Odd
thing about this machine (and it's good for finding bugs like this) is that
the CPU id's are not 0 based. For instance, on my machine the CPU's are
6/7/10/11/14/15.
This caused some NULL pointer dereference in kernel/workqueue.c because for
single_threaded workqueue's, it hardcoded the cpu to 0.
I changed the 0's to any_online_cpu(cpu_online_mask), which cpumask.h
claims is "First cpu in mask". So this fits the same usage.
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Replace smp_processor_id() with any_online_cpu(cpu_online_map) in order to
avoid lots of "BUG: using smp_processor_id() in preemptible [00000001]
code:..." messages in case taking a cpu online fails.
All the traces start at the last notifier_call_chain(...) in kernel/cpu.c.
Since we hold the cpu_control semaphore it shouldn't be any problem to access
cpu_online_map.
The reason why cpu_up failed is simply that the cpu that was supposed to be
taken online wasn't even there. That is because on s390 we never know when a
new cpu comes and therefore cpu_possible_map consists of only ones and doesn't
reflect reality.
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
This patch makes the workqueus use alloc_percpu instead of an array. The
workqueues are placed on nodes local to each processor.
The workqueue structure can grow to a significant size on a system with
lots of processors if this patch is not applied. 64 bit architectures with
all debugging features enabled and configured for 512 processors will not
be able to boot without this patch.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
This patch introduces a kzalloc wrapper and converts kernel/ to use it. It
saves a little program text.
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
With "-W -Wno-unused -Wno-sign-compare" I get the following compile warning:
CC kernel/workqueue.o
kernel/workqueue.c: In function `workqueue_cpu_callback':
kernel/workqueue.c:504: warning: ordered comparison of pointer with integer zero
On error create_workqueue_thread() returns NULL, not negative pointer, so
following trivial patch suggests itself.
Signed-off-by: Mika Kukkonen <mikukkon@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
We have a chek in there to make sure that the name won't overflow
task_struct.comm[], but it's triggering for scsi with lots of HBAs, only
scsi is using single-threaded workqueues which don't append the "/%d"
anyway.
All too hard. Just kill the BUG_ON.
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
[ kthread_create() uses vsnprintf() and limits the thing, so no
actual overflow can actually happen regardless ]
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
This was unexported by Arjan because we have no current users.
However, during a conversion from tasklets to workqueues of the parisc led
functions, we ran across a case where this was needed. In particular, the
open coded equivalent of cancel_rearming_delayed_workqueue was implemented
incorrectly, which is, I think, all the evidence necessary that this is a
useful API.
Signed-off-by: James Bottomley <James.Bottomley@SteelEye.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Initial git repository build. I'm not bothering with the full history,
even though we have it. We can create a separate "historical" git
archive of that later if we want to, and in the meantime it's about
3.2GB when imported into git - space that would just make the early
git days unnecessarily complicated, when we don't have a lot of good
infrastructure for it.
Let it rip!
Tejun Heo
Peter Zijlstra
Stephen Boyd
Dan Carpenter
Linus Torvalds
Lai Jiangshan
Alan Stern
Paul Gortmaker
Thomas Tuttle
Eric Dumazet
Stanislaw Gruszka
Steven Rostedt
Hitoshi Mitake
Andrew Morton
David Howells
Namhyung Kim
Arjan van de Ven
Xiaotian Feng
Suresh Siddha
Paul E. McKenney
Akinobu Mita
Oleg Nesterov
Thomas Gleixner
Andi Kleen
Mike Galbraith
Bart Van Assche
Zhaolei
Ingo Molnar
Rusty Russell
Frederic Weisbecker
James Morris
Heiko Carstens
Francois Cami
Peter Zijlstra
Oleg Nesterov
Zhang Rui
Christoph Lameter
Mike Travis
Andrew Liu
Harvey Harrison
Pavel Machek
Li Zefan
Gautham R Shenoy
Johannes Berg
Pavel Emelyanov
Hugh Dickins
Rafael J. Wysocki
Andrew Morton
Robert P. J. Day
Randy Dunlap
Linus Torvalds
Rolf Eike Beer
Linus Torvalds
Dave Jones
Venkatesh Pallipadi
Chandra Seetharaman
James Bottomley
Arjan van de Ven
Nathan Lynch
Ben Collins
Christoph Lameter
Pekka J Enberg
Mika Kukkonen
Linus Torvalds