Changing the pos parameter of __reg_op to unsigned allows the compiler
to generate slightly smaller and simpler code. Also update its callers
bitmap_*_region to receive and pass unsigned int. The return types of
bitmap_find_free_region and bitmap_allocate_region are still int to
allow a negative error code to be returned. An int is certainly capable
of representing any realistic return value.
Signed-off-by: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
A few lines above, it was stated that positions for non-set bits are
mapped to -1, which is obviously also what the code does.
Signed-off-by: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
We want len to be the index of the first '\n', or the length of the
string if there is no newline. This is a good example of the usefulness
of strchrnul(). Use that instead, thus eliminating a branch and a call
to strlen().
Signed-off-by: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The compiler can generate slightly smaller and simpler code when it
knows that "start" is non-negative.
Also, use the names "start" and "len" for the two parameters for
consistency with bitmap_set.
Signed-off-by: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The compiler can generate slightly smaller and simpler code when it
knows that "start" is non-negative.
Also, use the names "start" and "len" for the two parameters in both
header file and implementation, instead of the previous mix.
Signed-off-by: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The compiler can generate slightly smaller and simpler code when it
knows that "nbits" is non-negative. Since no-one passes a negative
bit-count, this shouldn't affect the semantics.
I didn't change the return type, since that might change the semantics
of some expression containing a call to bitmap_weight(). Certainly an
int is capable of holding the result.
Signed-off-by: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The compiler can generate slightly smaller and simpler code when it
knows that "nbits" is non-negative. Since no-one passes a negative
bit-count, this shouldn't affect the semantics.
Signed-off-by: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The compiler can generate slightly smaller and simpler code when it
knows that "nbits" is non-negative. Since no-one passes a negative
bit-count, this shouldn't affect the semantics.
Signed-off-by: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This change is only for consistency with the changes to the other
bitmap_* functions; it doesn't change the size of the generated code:
inside BITS_TO_LONGS there is a sizeof(long), which causes bits to be
interpreted as unsigned anyway.
Signed-off-by: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Since the extra bits are "don't care", there is no reason to mask the
last word to the used bits when complementing. This shaves off yet a
few bytes.
Signed-off-by: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The compiler can generate slightly smaller and simpler code when it
knows that "nbits" is non-negative. Since no-one passes a negative
bit-count, this shouldn't affect the semantics.
Signed-off-by: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The compiler can generate slightly smaller and simpler code when it
knows that "nbits" is non-negative. Since no-one passes a negative
bit-count, this shouldn't affect the semantics.
Signed-off-by: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The compiler can generate slightly smaller and simpler code when it
knows that "nbits" is non-negative. Since no-one passes a negative
bit-count, this shouldn't affect the semantics.
Signed-off-by: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Many functions in lib/bitmap.c start with an expression such as lim =
bits/BITS_PER_LONG. Since bits has type (signed) int, and since gcc
cannot know that it is in fact non-negative, it generates worse code
than it could. These patches, mostly consisting of changing various
parameters to unsigned, gives a slight overall code reduction:
add/remove: 1/1 grow/shrink: 8/16 up/down: 251/-414 (-163)
function old new delta
tick_device_uses_broadcast 335 425 +90
__irq_alloc_descs 498 554 +56
__bitmap_andnot 73 115 +42
__bitmap_and 70 101 +31
bitmap_weight - 11 +11
copy_hugetlb_page_range 752 762 +10
follow_hugetlb_page 846 854 +8
hugetlb_init 1415 1417 +2
hugetlb_nrpages_setup 130 131 +1
hugetlb_add_hstate 377 376 -1
bitmap_allocate_region 82 80 -2
select_task_rq_fair 2202 2191 -11
hweight_long 66 55 -11
__reg_op 230 219 -11
dm_stats_message 2849 2833 -16
bitmap_parselist 92 74 -18
__bitmap_weight 115 97 -18
__bitmap_subset 153 129 -24
__bitmap_full 128 104 -24
__bitmap_empty 120 96 -24
bitmap_set 179 149 -30
bitmap_clear 185 155 -30
__bitmap_equal 136 105 -31
__bitmap_intersects 148 108 -40
__bitmap_complement 109 67 -42
tick_device_setup_broadcast_func.isra 81 - -81
[The increases in __bitmap_and{,not} are due to bug fixes 17/18,18/18.
No idea why bitmap_weight suddenly appears.] While 163 bytes treewide is
insignificant, I believe the bitmap functions are often called with
locks held, so saving even a few cycles might be worth it.
While making these changes, I found a few other things that might be
worth including. 16,17,18 are actual bug fixes. The rest shouldn't
change the behaviour of any of the functions, provided no-one passed
negative nbits values. If something should come up, it should be fairly
bisectable.
A few issues I thought about, but didn't know what to do with:
* Many of the functions misbehave if nbits is compile-time 0; the
out-of-line functions generally handle 0 correctly. bitmap_fill() is
particularly bad, whether the 0 is known at compile time or not. It
would probably be nice to add detection of at least compile-time 0 and
handle that appropriately.
* I didn't change __bitmap_shift_{left,right} to use unsigned because I
want to fully understand why the algorithm works before making that
change. However, AFAICT, they behave correctly for all (positive) shift
amounts. This is not the case for the small_const_nbits versions. If
for example nbits = n = BITS_PER_LONG, the shift operators turn into
no-ops (at least on x86), so one get *dst = *src, whereas one would
expect to get *dst=0. That difference in behaviour is somewhat
annoying.
This patch (of 18):
The compiler can generate slightly smaller and simpler code when it
knows that "nbits" is non-negative. Since no-one passes a negative
bit-count, this shouldn't affect the semantics.
Signed-off-by: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The helper merge_and_restore_back_links() makes sure to call the
caller's cmp function during the final ->prev pointer fixup, so that the
cmp function may call cond_resched(). However, if the cmp function does
not call cond_resched() at all, this is entirely redundant. If it does,
doing at least two function calls for every two pointer assignments is a
bit excessive. This patch limits the calls to once for every 256
iterations.
Signed-off-by: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Cc: Artem Bityutskiy <artem.bityutskiy@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Don Mullis <don.mullis@gmail.com>
Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
There is no reason to maintain the list structure while freeing the
debug elements. Aside from the redundant pointer manipulations, it is
also inefficient from a locality-of-reference viewpoint, since they are
visited in a random order (wrt. the order they were allocated).
Furthermore, if we jumped to exit: after detecting list corruption, it
is actually dangerous.
So just free the elements in the order they were allocated, using the
backing array elts. Allocate that using kcalloc(), so that if
allocation of one of the debug element fails, we just end up calling
kfree(NULL) for the trailing elements.
Minor details: Use sizeof(*elts) instead of sizeof(void *), and return
err immediately when allocation of elts fails, to avoid introducing
another label just before the final return statement.
Signed-off-by: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Cc: Artem Bityutskiy <artem.bityutskiy@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Don Mullis <don.mullis@gmail.com>
Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Add a check to make sure that the prev pointer of the list head points
to the last element on the list.
Signed-off-by: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Cc: Artem Bityutskiy <artem.bityutskiy@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Don Mullis <don.mullis@gmail.com>
Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
It's been nearly 3 years now since commit 55036ba76b ("lib: rename
pack_hex_byte() to hex_byte_pack()") so it's time to remove this
deprecated and unused static inline.
Signed-off-by: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Complement commit 68aecfb979 ("lib/string_helpers.c: make arrays
static") by making the arrays const -- not only pointing to const
strings. This moves them out of the data section to the r/o data
section:
text data bss dec hex filename
1150 176 0 1326 52e lib/string_helpers.old.o
1326 0 0 1326 52e lib/string_helpers.new.o
Signed-off-by: Mathias Krause <minipli@googlemail.com>
Cc: James Bottomley <James.Bottomley@HansenPartnership.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
For modern filesystems such as btrfs, t/p/e size level operations are
common. add size unit t/p/e parsing to memparse
Signed-off-by: Gui Hecheng <guihc.fnst@cn.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Satoru Takeuchi <takeuchi_satoru@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The function may be useful for other drivers, so export it. (Suggested
by Tejun Heo.)
Note that I inverted the return value of glob_match; returning true on
match seemed to make more sense.
Signed-off-by: George Spelvin <linux@horizon.com>
Cc: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This was useful during development, and is retained for future
regression testing.
GCC appears to have no way to place string literals in a particular
section; adding __initconst to a char pointer leaves the string itself
in the default string section, where it will not be thrown away after
module load.
Thus all string constants are kept in explicitly declared and named
arrays. Sorry this makes printk a bit harder to read. At least the
tests are more compact.
Signed-off-by: George Spelvin <linux@horizon.com>
Cc: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This is a helper function from drivers/ata/libata_core.c, where it is
used to blacklist particular device models. It's being moved to lib/ so
other drivers may use it for the same purpose.
This implementation in non-recursive, so is safe for the kernel stack.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix sparse warning]
Signed-off-by: George Spelvin <linux@horizon.com>
Cc: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cleanup unused `if 0'-ed functions, which have been dead since 2006
(commits 87c2ce3b93 ("lib/zlib*: cleanups") by Adrian Bunk and
4f3865fb57 ("zlib_inflate: Upgrade library code to a recent version")
by Richard Purdie):
- zlib_deflateSetDictionary
- zlib_deflateParams
- zlib_deflateCopy
- zlib_inflateSync
- zlib_syncsearch
- zlib_inflateSetDictionary
- zlib_inflatePrime
Signed-off-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The name was modified from hlist_add_after() to hlist_add_behind() when
adjusting the order of arguments to match the one with
klist_add_after(). This is necessary to break old code when it would
use it the wrong way.
Make klist follow this naming scheme for consistency.
Signed-off-by: Ken Helias <kenhelias@firemail.de>
Cc: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Jeff Kirsher <jeffrey.t.kirsher@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
All other add functions for lists have the new item as first argument
and the position where it is added as second argument. This was changed
for no good reason in this function and makes using it unnecessary
confusing.
The name was changed to hlist_add_behind() to cause unconverted code to
generate a compile error instead of using the wrong parameter order.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Signed-off-by: Ken Helias <kenhelias@firemail.de>
Cc: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Jeff Kirsher <jeffrey.t.kirsher@intel.com> [intel driver bits]
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The argument names for hlist_add_after() are poorly chosen because they
look the same as the ones for hlist_add_before() but have to be used
differently.
hlist_add_after_rcu() has made a better choice.
Signed-off-by: Ken Helias <kenhelias@firemail.de>
Cc: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Jeff Kirsher <jeffrey.t.kirsher@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
We need interrupts disabled when calling console_trylock_for_printk()
only so that cpu id we pass to can_use_console() remains valid (for
other things console_sem provides all the exclusion we need and
deadlocks on console_sem due to interrupts are impossible because we use
down_trylock()). However if we are rescheduled, we are guaranteed to
run on an online cpu so we can easily just get the cpu id in
can_use_console().
We can lose a bit of performance when we enable interrupts in
vprintk_emit() and then disable them again in console_unlock() but OTOH
it can somewhat reduce interrupt latency caused by console_unlock().
We differ from (reverted) commit 939f04bec1 in that we avoid calling
console_unlock() from vprintk_emit() with lockdep enabled as that has
unveiled quite some bugs leading to system freezes during boot (e.g.
https://lkml.org/lkml/2014/5/30/242,
https://lkml.org/lkml/2014/6/28/521).
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Tested-by: Andreas Bombe <aeb@debian.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Some small cleanups to kernel/printk/printk.c. None of them should
cause any change in behavior.
- When CONFIG_PRINTK is defined, parenthesize the value of LOG_LINE_MAX.
- When CONFIG_PRINTK is *not* defined, there is an extra LOG_LINE_MAX
definition; delete it.
- Pull an assignment out of a conditional expression in console_setup().
- Use isdigit() in console_setup() rather than open coding it.
- In update_console_cmdline(), drop a NUL-termination assignment;
the strlcpy() call that precedes it guarantees it's not needed.
- Simplify some logic in printk_timed_ratelimit().
Signed-off-by: Alex Elder <elder@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.cz>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: John Stultz <john.stultz@linaro.org>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Use the IS_ENABLED() macro rather than #ifdef blocks to set certain
global values.
Signed-off-by: Alex Elder <elder@linaro.org>
Acked-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.cz>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: John Stultz <john.stultz@linaro.org>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Fix a few comments that don't accurately describe their corresponding
code. It also fixes some minor typographical errors.
Signed-off-by: Alex Elder <elder@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.cz>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: John Stultz <john.stultz@linaro.org>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Commit a8fe19ebfb ("kernel/printk: use symbolic defines for console
loglevels") makes consistent use of symbolic values for printk() log
levels.
The naming scheme used is different from the one used for
DEFAULT_MESSAGE_LOGLEVEL though. Change that symbol name to be
MESSAGE_LOGLEVEL_DEFAULT for consistency. And because the value of that
symbol comes from a similarly-named config option, rename
CONFIG_DEFAULT_MESSAGE_LOGLEVEL as well.
Signed-off-by: Alex Elder <elder@linaro.org>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: John Stultz <john.stultz@linaro.org>
Cc: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.cz>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
In do_syslog() there's a path used by kmsg_poll() and kmsg_read() that
only needs to know whether there's any data available to read (and not
its size). These callers only check for non-zero return. As a
shortcut, do_syslog() returns the difference between what has been
logged and what has been "seen."
The comments say that the "count of records" should be returned but it's
not. Instead it returns (log_next_idx - syslog_idx), which is a
difference between buffer offsets--and the result could be negative.
The behavior is the same (it'll be zero or not in the same cases), but
the count of records is more meaningful and it matches what the comments
say. So change the code to return that.
Signed-off-by: Alex Elder <elder@linaro.org>
Cc: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.cz>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Cc: John Stultz <john.stultz@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The default size of the ring buffer is too small for machines with a
large amount of CPUs under heavy load. What ends up happening when
debugging is the ring buffer overlaps and chews up old messages making
debugging impossible unless the size is passed as a kernel parameter.
An idle system upon boot up will on average spew out only about one or
two extra lines but where this really matters is on heavy load and that
will vary widely depending on the system and environment.
There are mechanisms to help increase the kernel ring buffer for tracing
through debugfs, and those interfaces even allow growing the kernel ring
buffer per CPU. We also have a static value which can be passed upon
boot. Relying on debugfs however is not ideal for production, and
relying on the value passed upon bootup is can only used *after* an
issue has creeped up. Instead of being reactive this adds a proactive
measure which lets you scale the amount of contributions you'd expect to
the kernel ring buffer under load by each CPU in the worst case
scenario.
We use num_possible_cpus() to avoid complexities which could be
introduced by dynamically changing the ring buffer size at run time,
num_possible_cpus() lets us use the upper limit on possible number of
CPUs therefore avoiding having to deal with hotplugging CPUs on and off.
This introduces the kernel configuration option LOG_CPU_MAX_BUF_SHIFT
which is used to specify the maximum amount of contributions to the
kernel ring buffer in the worst case before the kernel ring buffer flips
over, the size is specified as a power of 2. The total amount of
contributions made by each CPU must be greater than half of the default
kernel ring buffer size (1 << LOG_BUF_SHIFT bytes) in order to trigger
an increase upon bootup. The kernel ring buffer is increased to the
next power of two that would fit the required minimum kernel ring buffer
size plus the additional CPU contribution. For example if LOG_BUF_SHIFT
is 18 (256 KB) you'd require at least 128 KB contributions by other CPUs
in order to trigger an increase of the kernel ring buffer. With a
LOG_CPU_BUF_SHIFT of 12 (4 KB) you'd require at least anything over > 64
possible CPUs to trigger an increase. If you had 128 possible CPUs the
amount of minimum required kernel ring buffer bumps to:
((1 << 18) + ((128 - 1) * (1 << 12))) / 1024 = 764 KB
Since we require the ring buffer to be a power of two the new required
size would be 1024 KB.
This CPU contributions are ignored when the "log_buf_len" kernel
parameter is used as it forces the exact size of the ring buffer to an
expected power of two value.
[pmladek@suse.cz: fix build]
Signed-off-by: Luis R. Rodriguez <mcgrof@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.cz>
Tested-by: Davidlohr Bueso <davidlohr@hp.com>
Tested-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Davidlohr Bueso <davidlohr@hp.com>
Cc: Andrew Lunn <andrew@lunn.ch>
Cc: Stephen Warren <swarren@wwwdotorg.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.cz>
Cc: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Cc: Arun KS <arunks.linux@gmail.com>
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Davidlohr Bueso <davidlohr@hp.com>
Cc: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@tilera.com>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
In practice the power of 2 practice of the size of the kernel ring
buffer remains purely historical but not a requirement, specially now
that we have LOG_ALIGN and use it for both static and dynamic
allocations. It could have helped with implicit alignment back in the
days given the even the dynamically sized ring buffer was guaranteed to
be aligned so long as CONFIG_LOG_BUF_SHIFT was set to produce a
__LOG_BUF_LEN which is architecture aligned, since log_buf_len=n would
be allowed only if it was > __LOG_BUF_LEN and we always ended up
rounding the log_buf_len=n to the next power of 2 with
roundup_pow_of_two(), any multiple of 2 then should be also architecture
aligned. These assumptions of course relied heavily on
CONFIG_LOG_BUF_SHIFT producing an aligned value but users can always
change this.
We now have precise alignment requirements set for the log buffer size
for both static and dynamic allocations, but lets upkeep the old
practice of using powers of 2 for its size to help with easy expected
scalable values and the allocators for dynamic allocations. We'll reuse
this later so move this into a helper.
Signed-off-by: Luis R. Rodriguez <mcgrof@suse.com>
Cc: Andrew Lunn <andrew@lunn.ch>
Cc: Stephen Warren <swarren@wwwdotorg.org>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.cz>
Cc: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Cc: Arun KS <arunks.linux@gmail.com>
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Davidlohr Bueso <davidlohr@hp.com>
Cc: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@tilera.com>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
We have to consider alignment for the ring buffer both for the default
static size, and then also for when an dynamic allocation is made when
the log_buf_len=n kernel parameter is passed to set the size
specifically to a size larger than the default size set by the
architecture through CONFIG_LOG_BUF_SHIFT.
The default static kernel ring buffer can be aligned properly if
architectures set CONFIG_LOG_BUF_SHIFT properly, we provide ranges for
the size though so even if CONFIG_LOG_BUF_SHIFT has a sensible aligned
value it can be reduced to a non aligned value. Commit 6ebb017de9
("printk: Fix alignment of buf causing crash on ARM EABI") by Andrew
Lunn ensures the static buffer is always aligned and the decision of
alignment is done by the compiler by using __alignof__(struct log).
When log_buf_len=n is used we allocate the ring buffer dynamically.
Dynamic allocation varies, for the early allocation called before
setup_arch() memblock_virt_alloc() requests a page aligment and for the
default kernel allocation memblock_virt_alloc_nopanic() requests no
special alignment, which in turn ends up aligning the allocation to
SMP_CACHE_BYTES, which is L1 cache aligned.
Since we already have the required alignment for the kernel ring buffer
though we can do better and request explicit alignment for LOG_ALIGN.
This does that to be safe and make dynamic allocation alignment
explicit.
Signed-off-by: Luis R. Rodriguez <mcgrof@suse.com>
Tested-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.cz>
Cc: Andrew Lunn <andrew@lunn.ch>
Cc: Stephen Warren <swarren@wwwdotorg.org>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.cz>
Cc: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Cc: Arun KS <arunks.linux@gmail.com>
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Davidlohr Bueso <davidlohr@hp.com>
Cc: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@tilera.com>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The DEFINE_SIMPLE_ATTRIBUTE macro should not end in a ; Fix the one use
in the kernel tree that did not have a semicolon.
Signed-off-by: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Acked-by: Guenter Roeck <linux@roeck-us.net>
Acked-by: Luca Tettamanti <kronos.it@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
We have been chasing a memory corruption bug, which turned out to be
caused by very old gcc (4.3.4), which happily turned conditional load
into a non-conditional one, and that broke correctness (the condition
was met only if lock was held) and corrupted memory.
This particular problem with that particular code did not happen when
never gccs were used. I've brought this up with our gcc folks, as I
wanted to make sure that this can't really happen again, and it turns
out it actually can.
Quoting Martin Jambor <mjambor@suse.cz>:
"More current GCCs are more careful when it comes to replacing a
conditional load with a non-conditional one, most notably they check
that a store happens in each iteration of _a_ loop but they assume
loops are executed. They also perform a simple check whether the
store cannot trap which currently passes only for non-const
variables. A simple testcase demonstrating it on an x86_64 is for
example the following:
$ cat cond_store.c
int g_1 = 1;
int g_2[1024] __attribute__((section ("safe_section"), aligned (4096)));
int c = 4;
int __attribute__ ((noinline))
foo (void)
{
int l;
for (l = 0; (l != 4); l++) {
if (g_1)
return l;
for (g_2[0] = 0; (g_2[0] >= 26); ++g_2[0])
;
}
return 2;
}
int main (int argc, char* argv[])
{
if (mprotect (g_2, sizeof(g_2), PROT_READ) == -1)
{
int e = errno;
error (e, e, "mprotect error %i", e);
}
foo ();
__builtin_printf("OK\n");
return 0;
}
/* EOF */
$ ~/gcc/trunk/inst/bin/gcc cond_store.c -O2 --param allow-store-data-races=0
$ ./a.out
OK
$ ~/gcc/trunk/inst/bin/gcc cond_store.c -O2 --param allow-store-data-races=1
$ ./a.out
Segmentation fault
The testcase fails the same at least with 4.9, 4.8 and 4.7. Therefore
I would suggest building kernels with this parameter set to zero. I
also agree with Jikos that the default should be changed for -O2. I
have run most of the SPEC 2k6 CPU benchmarks (gamess and dealII
failed, at -O2, not sure why) compiled with and without this option
and did not see any real difference between respective run-times"
Hopefully the default will be changed in newer gccs, but let's force it
for kernel builds so that we are on a safe side even when older gcc are
used.
The code in question was out-of-tree printk-in-NMI (yeah, surprise
suprise, once again) patch written by Petr Mladek, let me quote his
comment from our internal bugzilla:
"I have spent few days investigating inconsistent state of kernel ring buffer.
It went out that it was caused by speculative store generated by
gcc-4.3.4.
The problem is in assembly generated for make_free_space(). The functions is
called the following way:
+ vprintk_emit();
+ log = MAIN_LOG; // with logbuf_lock
or
log = NMI_LOG; // with nmi_logbuf_lock
cont_add(log, ...);
+ cont_flush(log, ...);
+ log_store(log, ...);
+ log_make_free_space(log, ...);
If called with log = NMI_LOG then only nmi_log_* global variables are safe to
modify but the generated code does store also into (main_)log_* global
variables:
<log_make_free_space>:
55 push %rbp
89 f6 mov %esi,%esi
48 8b 05 03 99 51 01 mov 0x1519903(%rip),%rax # ffffffff82620868 <nmi_log_next_id>
44 8b 1d ec 98 51 01 mov 0x15198ec(%rip),%r11d # ffffffff82620858 <log_next_idx>
8b 35 36 60 14 01 mov 0x1146036(%rip),%esi # ffffffff8224cfa8 <log_buf_len>
44 8b 35 33 60 14 01 mov 0x1146033(%rip),%r14d # ffffffff8224cfac <nmi_log_buf_len>
4c 8b 2d d0 98 51 01 mov 0x15198d0(%rip),%r13 # ffffffff82620850 <log_next_seq>
4c 8b 25 11 61 14 01 mov 0x1146111(%rip),%r12 # ffffffff8224d098 <log_buf>
49 89 c2 mov %rax,%r10
48 21 c2 and %rax,%rdx
48 8b 1d 0c 99 55 01 mov 0x155990c(%rip),%rbx # ffffffff826608a0 <nmi_log_buf>
49 c1 ea 20 shr $0x20,%r10
48 89 55 d0 mov %rdx,-0x30(%rbp)
44 29 de sub %r11d,%esi
45 29 d6 sub %r10d,%r14d
4c 8b 0d 97 98 51 01 mov 0x1519897(%rip),%r9 # ffffffff82620840 <log_first_seq>
eb 7e jmp ffffffff81107029 <log_make_free_space+0xe9>
[...]
85 ff test %edi,%edi # edi = 1 for NMI_LOG
4c 89 e8 mov %r13,%rax
4c 89 ca mov %r9,%rdx
74 0a je ffffffff8110703d <log_make_free_space+0xfd>
8b 15 27 98 51 01 mov 0x1519827(%rip),%edx # ffffffff82620860 <nmi_log_first_id>
48 8b 45 d0 mov -0x30(%rbp),%rax
48 39 c2 cmp %rax,%rdx # end of loop
0f 84 da 00 00 00 je ffffffff81107120 <log_make_free_space+0x1e0>
[...]
85 ff test %edi,%edi # edi = 1 for NMI_LOG
4c 89 0d 17 97 51 01 mov %r9,0x1519717(%rip) # ffffffff82620840 <log_first_seq>
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
KABOOOM
74 35 je ffffffff81107160 <log_make_free_space+0x220>
It stores log_first_seq when edi == NMI_LOG. This instructions are used also
when edi == MAIN_LOG but the store is done speculatively before the condition
is decided. It is unsafe because we do not have "logbuf_lock" in NMI context
and some other process migh modify "log_first_seq" in parallel"
I believe that the best course of action is both
- building kernel (and anything multi-threaded, I guess) with that
optimization turned off
- persuade gcc folks to change the default for future releases
Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
Cc: Martin Jambor <mjambor@suse.cz>
Cc: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.cz>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Marek Polacek <polacek@redhat.com>
Cc: Jakub Jelinek <jakub@redhat.com>
Cc: Steven Noonan <steven@uplinklabs.net>
Cc: Richard Biener <richard.guenther@gmail.com>
Cc: Dan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Change zswap to use the zpool api instead of directly using zbud. Add a
boot-time param to allow selecting which zpool implementation to use,
with zbud as the default.
Signed-off-by: Dan Streetman <ddstreet@ieee.org>
Tested-by: Seth Jennings <sjennings@variantweb.net>
Cc: Weijie Yang <weijie.yang@samsung.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Nitin Gupta <ngupta@vflare.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Add zpool api.
zpool provides an interface for memory storage, typically of compressed
memory. Users can select what backend to use; currently the only
implementations are zbud, a low density implementation with up to two
compressed pages per storage page, and zsmalloc, a higher density
implementation with multiple compressed pages per storage page.
Signed-off-by: Dan Streetman <ddstreet@ieee.org>
Tested-by: Seth Jennings <sjennings@variantweb.net>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Nitin Gupta <ngupta@vflare.org>
Cc: Weijie Yang <weijie.yang@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Change the type of the zbud_alloc() size param from unsigned int to
size_t.
Technically, this should not make any difference, as the zbud
implementation already restricts the size to well within either type's
limits; but as zsmalloc (and kmalloc) use size_t, and zpool will use
size_t, this brings the size parameter type in line with zsmalloc/zpool.
Signed-off-by: Dan Streetman <ddstreet@ieee.org>
Acked-by: Seth Jennings <sjennings@variantweb.net>
Tested-by: Seth Jennings <sjennings@variantweb.net>
Cc: Weijie Yang <weijie.yang@samsung.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Nitin Gupta <ngupta@vflare.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Currently, we use a rwlock tb_lock to protect concurrent access to the
whole zram meta table. However, according to the actual access model,
there is only a small chance for upper user to access the same
table[index], so the current lock granularity is too big.
The idea of optimization is to change the lock granularity from whole
meta table to per table entry (table -> table[index]), so that we can
protect concurrent access to the same table[index], meanwhile allow the
maximum concurrency.
With this in mind, several kinds of locks which could be used as a
per-entry lock were tested and compared:
Test environment:
x86-64 Intel Core2 Q8400, system memory 4GB, Ubuntu 12.04,
kernel v3.15.0-rc3 as base, zram with 4 max_comp_streams LZO.
iozone test:
iozone -t 4 -R -r 16K -s 200M -I +Z
(1GB zram with ext4 filesystem, take the average of 10 tests, KB/s)
Test base CAS spinlock rwlock bit_spinlock
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Initial write 1381094 1425435 1422860 1423075 1421521
Rewrite 1529479 1641199 1668762 1672855 1654910
Read 8468009 11324979 11305569 11117273 10997202
Re-read 8467476 11260914 11248059 11145336 10906486
Reverse Read 6821393 8106334 8282174 8279195 8109186
Stride read 7191093 8994306 9153982 8961224 9004434
Random read 7156353 8957932 9167098 8980465 8940476
Mixed workload 4172747 5680814 5927825 5489578 5972253
Random write 1483044 1605588 1594329 1600453 1596010
Pwrite 1276644 1303108 1311612 1314228 1300960
Pread 4324337 4632869 4618386 4457870 4500166
To enhance the possibility of access the same table[index] concurrently,
set zram a small disksize(10MB) and let threads run with large loop
count.
fio test:
fio --bs=32k --randrepeat=1 --randseed=100 --refill_buffers
--scramble_buffers=1 --direct=1 --loops=3000 --numjobs=4
--filename=/dev/zram0 --name=seq-write --rw=write --stonewall
--name=seq-read --rw=read --stonewall --name=seq-readwrite
--rw=rw --stonewall --name=rand-readwrite --rw=randrw --stonewall
(10MB zram raw block device, take the average of 10 tests, KB/s)
Test base CAS spinlock rwlock bit_spinlock
-------------------------------------------------------------
seq-write 933789 999357 1003298 995961 1001958
seq-read 5634130 6577930 6380861 6243912 6230006
seq-rw 1405687 1638117 1640256 1633903 1634459
rand-rw 1386119 1614664 1617211 1609267 1612471
All the optimization methods show a higher performance than the base,
however, it is hard to say which method is the most appropriate.
On the other hand, zram is mostly used on small embedded system, so we
don't want to increase any memory footprint.
This patch pick the bit_spinlock method, pack object size and page_flag
into an unsigned long table.value, so as to not increase any memory
overhead on both 32-bit and 64-bit system.
On the third hand, even though different kinds of locks have different
performances, we can ignore this difference, because: if zram is used as
zram swapfile, the swap subsystem can prevent concurrent access to the
same swapslot; if zram is used as zram-blk for set up filesystem on it,
the upper filesystem and the page cache also prevent concurrent access
of the same block mostly. So we can ignore the different performances
among locks.
Acked-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Davidlohr Bueso <davidlohr@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: Weijie Yang <weijie.yang@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Jerome Marchand <jmarchan@redhat.com>
Cc: Nitin Gupta <ngupta@vflare.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Some architectures (eg, hexagon and PowerPC) could use PAGE_SHIFT of 16
or more. In these cases u16 is not sufficiently large to represent a
compressed page's size so use size_t.
Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Reported-by: Weijie Yang <weijie.yang@samsung.com>
Acked-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Cc: Jerome Marchand <jmarchan@redhat.com>
Cc: Nitin Gupta <ngupta@vflare.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Rasmus Villemoes
Andrew Morton
Joe Perches
Fabian Frederick
Mathias Krause
Gui Hecheng
George Spelvin
Sergey Senozhatsky
Ken Helias
Neil Zhang
Jan Kara
Alex Elder
Luis R. Rodriguez
Geoff Levand
Jiri Kosina
Dan Streetman
Weijie Yang
Minchan Kim