Remote memcg charging API uses current->active_memcg to store the
currently active memory cgroup, which overwrites the memory cgroup of the
current process. It works well for normal contexts, but doesn't work for
interrupt contexts: indeed, if an interrupt occurs during the execution of
a section with an active memcg set, all allocations inside the interrupt
will be charged to the active memcg set (given that we'll enable
accounting for allocations from an interrupt context). But because the
interrupt might have no relation to the active memcg set outside, it's
obviously wrong from the accounting prospective.
To resolve this problem, let's add a global percpu int_active_memcg
variable, which will be used to store an active memory cgroup which will
be used from interrupt contexts. set_active_memcg() will transparently
use current->active_memcg or int_active_memcg depending on the context.
To make the read part simple and transparent for the caller, let's
introduce two new functions:
- struct mem_cgroup *active_memcg(void),
- struct mem_cgroup *get_active_memcg(void).
They are returning the active memcg if it's set, hiding all implementation
details: where to get it depending on the current context.
Signed-off-by: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200827225843.1270629-4-guro@fb.com
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
There are checks for current->mm and current->active_memcg in
get_obj_cgroup_from_current(), but these checks are redundant:
memcg_kmem_bypass() called just above performs same checks.
Signed-off-by: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200827225843.1270629-3-guro@fb.com
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Patch series "mm: kmem: kernel memory accounting in an interrupt context".
This patchset implements memcg-based memory accounting of allocations made
from an interrupt context.
Historically, such allocations were passed unaccounted mostly because
charging the memory cgroup of the current process wasn't an option. Also
performance reasons were likely a reason too.
The remote charging API allows to temporarily overwrite the currently
active memory cgroup, so that all memory allocations are accounted towards
some specified memory cgroup instead of the memory cgroup of the current
process.
This patchset extends the remote charging API so that it can be used from
an interrupt context. Then it removes the fence that prevented the
accounting of allocations made from an interrupt context. It also
contains a couple of optimizations/code refactorings.
This patchset doesn't directly enable accounting for any specific
allocations, but prepares the code base for it. The bpf memory accounting
will likely be the first user of it: a typical example is a bpf program
parsing an incoming network packet, which allocates an entry in hashmap
map to store some information.
This patch (of 4):
Currently memcg_kmem_bypass() is called before obtaining the current
memory/obj cgroup using get_mem/obj_cgroup_from_current(). Moving
memcg_kmem_bypass() into get_mem/obj_cgroup_from_current() reduces the
number of call sites and allows further code simplifications.
Signed-off-by: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200827225843.1270629-1-guro@fb.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200827225843.1270629-2-guro@fb.com
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Currently the remote memcg charging API consists of two functions:
memalloc_use_memcg() and memalloc_unuse_memcg(), which set and clear the
memcg value, which overwrites the memcg of the current task.
memalloc_use_memcg(target_memcg);
<...>
memalloc_unuse_memcg();
It works perfectly for allocations performed from a normal context,
however an attempt to call it from an interrupt context or just nest two
remote charging blocks will lead to an incorrect accounting. On exit from
the inner block the active memcg will be cleared instead of being
restored.
memalloc_use_memcg(target_memcg);
memalloc_use_memcg(target_memcg_2);
<...>
memalloc_unuse_memcg();
Error: allocation here are charged to the memcg of the current
process instead of target_memcg.
memalloc_unuse_memcg();
This patch extends the remote charging API by switching to a single
function: struct mem_cgroup *set_active_memcg(struct mem_cgroup *memcg),
which sets the new value and returns the old one. So a remote charging
block will look like:
old_memcg = set_active_memcg(target_memcg);
<...>
set_active_memcg(old_memcg);
This patch is heavily based on the patch by Johannes Weiner, which can be
found here: https://lkml.org/lkml/2020/5/28/806 .
Signed-off-by: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Dan Schatzberg <dschatzberg@fb.com>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200821212056.3769116-1-guro@fb.com
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The code in mc_handle_swap_pte() checks for non_swap_entry() and returns
NULL before checking is_device_private_entry() so device private pages are
never handled. Fix this by checking for non_swap_entry() after handling
device private swap PTEs.
I assume the memory cgroup accounting would be off somehow when moving
a process to another memory cgroup. Currently, the device private page
is charged like a normal anonymous page when allocated and is uncharged
when the page is freed so I think that path is OK.
Signed-off-by: Ralph Campbell <rcampbell@nvidia.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com>
Cc: Jerome Glisse <jglisse@redhat.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <bsingharora@gmail.com>
Cc: Ira Weiny <ira.weiny@intel.com>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20201009215952.2726-1-rcampbell@nvidia.com
xFixes: c733a82874 ("mm/memcontrol: support MEMORY_DEVICE_PRIVATE")
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Since commit 79dfdaccd1 ("memcg: make oom_lock 0 and 1 based rather than
counter"), the mem_cgroup_unmark_under_oom() is added and the comment of
the mem_cgroup_oom_unlock() is moved here. But this comment make no sense
here because mem_cgroup_oom_lock() does not operate on under_oom field.
So we reword the comment as this would be helpful. [Thanks Michal Hocko
for rewording this comment.]
Signed-off-by: Miaohe Lin <linmiaohe@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200930095336.21323-1-linmiaohe@huawei.com
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
In the cgroup v1, we have a numa_stat interface. This is useful for
providing visibility into the numa locality information within an memcg
since the pages are allowed to be allocated from any physical node. One
of the use cases is evaluating application performance by combining this
information with the application's CPU allocation. But the cgroup v2 does
not. So this patch adds the missing information.
Suggested-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Muchun Song <songmuchun@bytedance.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Cc: Zefan Li <lizefan@huawei.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com>
Cc: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Cc: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200916100030.71698-2-songmuchun@bytedance.com
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The swap page counter is v2 only while memsw is v1 only. As v1 and v2
controllers cannot be active at the same time, there is no point to keep
both swap and memsw page counters in mem_cgroup. The previous patch has
made sure that memsw page counter is updated and accessed only when in v1
code paths. So it is now safe to alias the v1 memsw page counter to v2
swap page counter. This saves 14 long's in the size of mem_cgroup. This
is a saving of 112 bytes for 64-bit archs.
While at it, also document which page counters are used in v1 and/or v2.
Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Chris Down <chris@chrisdown.name>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com>
Cc: Yafang Shao <laoar.shao@gmail.com>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200914024452.19167-4-longman@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
mem_cgroup_get_max() used to get memory+swap max from both the v1 memsw
and v2 memory+swap page counters & return the maximum of these 2 values.
This is redundant and it is more efficient to just get either the v1 or
the v2 values depending on which one is currently in use.
[longman@redhat.com: v4]
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200914150928.7841-1-longman@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Chris Down <chris@chrisdown.name>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com>
Cc: Yafang Shao <laoar.shao@gmail.com>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200914024452.19167-3-longman@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Patch series "mm/memcg: Miscellaneous cleanups and streamlining", v2.
This patch (of 3):
Since commit 0a31bc97c8 ("mm: memcontrol: rewrite uncharge API") and
commit 00501b531c ("mm: memcontrol: rewrite charge API") in v3.17, the
enum charge_type was no longer used anywhere. However, the enum itself
was not removed at that time. Remove the obsolete enum charge_type now.
Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Chris Down <chris@chrisdown.name>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Cc: Yafang Shao <laoar.shao@gmail.com>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200914024452.19167-1-longman@redhat.com
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200914024452.19167-2-longman@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Since commit bbec2e1517 ("mm: rename page_counter's count/limit into
usage/max"), the arg @reclaim has no priority field anymore.
Signed-off-by: Miaohe Lin <linmiaohe@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200913094129.44558-1-linmiaohe@huawei.com
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
mem_cgroup_from_obj() checks the lowest bit of the page->mem_cgroup
pointer to determine if the page has an attached obj_cgroup vector instead
of a regular memcg pointer. If it's not set, it simple returns the
page->mem_cgroup value as a struct mem_cgroup pointer.
The commit 10befea91b ("mm: memcg/slab: use a single set of kmem_caches
for all allocations") changed the moment when this bit is set: if
previously it was set on the allocation of the slab page, now it can be
set well after, when the first accounted object is allocated on this page.
It opened a race: if page->mem_cgroup is set concurrently after the first
page_has_obj_cgroups(page) check, a pointer to the obj_cgroups array can
be returned as a memory cgroup pointer.
A simple check for page->mem_cgroup pointer for NULL before the
page_has_obj_cgroups() check fixes the race. Indeed, if the pointer is
not NULL, it's either a simple mem_cgroup pointer or a pointer to
obj_cgroup vector. The pointer can be asynchronously changed from NULL to
(obj_cgroup_vec | 0x1UL), but can't be changed from a valid memcg pointer
to objcg vector or back.
If the object passed to mem_cgroup_from_obj() is a slab object and
page->mem_cgroup is NULL, it means that the object is not accounted, so
the function must return NULL.
I've discovered the race looking at the code, so far I haven't seen it in
the wild.
Fixes: 10befea91b ("mm: memcg/slab: use a single set of kmem_caches for all allocations")
Signed-off-by: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200910022435.2773735-1-guro@fb.com
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Use the preferred form for passing the size of a structure type. The
alternative form where the structure type is spelled out hurts readability
and introduces an opportunity for a bug when the object type is changed
but the corresponding object identifier to which the sizeof operator is
applied is not.
Signed-off-by: Gustavo A. R. Silva <gustavoars@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/773e013ff2f07fe2a0b47153f14dea054c0c04f1.1596214831.git.gustavoars@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Make use of the flex_array_size() helper to calculate the size of a
flexible array member within an enclosing structure.
This helper offers defense-in-depth against potential integer overflows,
while at the same time makes it explicitly clear that we are dealing with
a flexible array member.
Also, remove unnecessary braces.
Signed-off-by: Gustavo A. R. Silva <gustavoars@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/ddd60dae2d9aea1ccdd2be66634815c93696125e.1596214831.git.gustavoars@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The current code does not protect against swapoff of the underlying
swap device, so this is a bug fix as well as a worthwhile reduction in
code complexity.
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
Cc: Chris Wilson <chris@chris-wilson.co.uk>
Cc: Huang Ying <ying.huang@intel.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Jani Nikula <jani.nikula@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Matthew Auld <matthew.auld@intel.com>
Cc: William Kucharski <william.kucharski@oracle.com>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200910183318.20139-3-willy@infradead.org
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Merge tag 'block-5.10-2020-10-12' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-block
Pull block updates from Jens Axboe:
- Series of merge handling cleanups (Baolin, Christoph)
- Series of blk-throttle fixes and cleanups (Baolin)
- Series cleaning up BDI, seperating the block device from the
backing_dev_info (Christoph)
- Removal of bdget() as a generic API (Christoph)
- Removal of blkdev_get() as a generic API (Christoph)
- Cleanup of is-partition checks (Christoph)
- Series reworking disk revalidation (Christoph)
- Series cleaning up bio flags (Christoph)
- bio crypt fixes (Eric)
- IO stats inflight tweak (Gabriel)
- blk-mq tags fixes (Hannes)
- Buffer invalidation fixes (Jan)
- Allow soft limits for zone append (Johannes)
- Shared tag set improvements (John, Kashyap)
- Allow IOPRIO_CLASS_RT for CAP_SYS_NICE (Khazhismel)
- DM no-wait support (Mike, Konstantin)
- Request allocation improvements (Ming)
- Allow md/dm/bcache to use IO stat helpers (Song)
- Series improving blk-iocost (Tejun)
- Various cleanups (Geert, Damien, Danny, Julia, Tetsuo, Tian, Wang,
Xianting, Yang, Yufen, yangerkun)
* tag 'block-5.10-2020-10-12' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-block: (191 commits)
block: fix uapi blkzoned.h comments
blk-mq: move cancel of hctx->run_work to the front of blk_exit_queue
blk-mq: get rid of the dead flush handle code path
block: get rid of unnecessary local variable
block: fix comment and add lockdep assert
blk-mq: use helper function to test hw stopped
block: use helper function to test queue register
block: remove redundant mq check
block: invoke blk_mq_exit_sched no matter whether have .exit_sched
percpu_ref: don't refer to ref->data if it isn't allocated
block: ratelimit handle_bad_sector() message
blk-throttle: Re-use the throtl_set_slice_end()
blk-throttle: Open code __throtl_de/enqueue_tg()
blk-throttle: Move service tree validation out of the throtl_rb_first()
blk-throttle: Move the list operation after list validation
blk-throttle: Fix IO hang for a corner case
blk-throttle: Avoid tracking latency if low limit is invalid
blk-throttle: Avoid getting the current time if tg->last_finish_time is 0
blk-throttle: Remove a meaningless parameter for throtl_downgrade_state()
block: Remove redundant 'return' statement
...
We forget to add the suffix to the workingset_restore string, so fix it.
And also update the documentation of cgroup-v2.rst.
Fixes: 170b04b7ae ("mm/workingset: prepare the workingset detection infrastructure for anon LRU")
Signed-off-by: Muchun Song <songmuchun@bytedance.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Zefan Li <lizefan@huawei.com>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com>
Cc: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Cc: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200916100030.71698-1-songmuchun@bytedance.com
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Replace the two negative flags that are always used together with a
single positive flag that indicates the writeback capability instead
of two related non-capabilities. Also remove the pointless wrappers
to just check the flag.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Johannes Thumshirn <johannes.thumshirn@wdc.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
syzbot has reported an use-after-free in the uncharge_batch path
BUG: KASAN: use-after-free in instrument_atomic_write include/linux/instrumented.h:71 [inline]
BUG: KASAN: use-after-free in atomic64_sub_return include/asm-generic/atomic-instrumented.h:970 [inline]
BUG: KASAN: use-after-free in atomic_long_sub_return include/asm-generic/atomic-long.h:113 [inline]
BUG: KASAN: use-after-free in page_counter_cancel mm/page_counter.c:54 [inline]
BUG: KASAN: use-after-free in page_counter_uncharge+0x3d/0xc0 mm/page_counter.c:155
Write of size 8 at addr ffff8880371c0148 by task syz-executor.0/9304
CPU: 0 PID: 9304 Comm: syz-executor.0 Not tainted 5.8.0-syzkaller #0
Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 01/01/2011
Call Trace:
__dump_stack lib/dump_stack.c:77 [inline]
dump_stack+0x1f0/0x31e lib/dump_stack.c:118
print_address_description+0x66/0x620 mm/kasan/report.c:383
__kasan_report mm/kasan/report.c:513 [inline]
kasan_report+0x132/0x1d0 mm/kasan/report.c:530
check_memory_region_inline mm/kasan/generic.c:183 [inline]
check_memory_region+0x2b5/0x2f0 mm/kasan/generic.c:192
instrument_atomic_write include/linux/instrumented.h:71 [inline]
atomic64_sub_return include/asm-generic/atomic-instrumented.h:970 [inline]
atomic_long_sub_return include/asm-generic/atomic-long.h:113 [inline]
page_counter_cancel mm/page_counter.c:54 [inline]
page_counter_uncharge+0x3d/0xc0 mm/page_counter.c:155
uncharge_batch+0x6c/0x350 mm/memcontrol.c:6764
uncharge_page+0x115/0x430 mm/memcontrol.c:6796
uncharge_list mm/memcontrol.c:6835 [inline]
mem_cgroup_uncharge_list+0x70/0xe0 mm/memcontrol.c:6877
release_pages+0x13a2/0x1550 mm/swap.c:911
tlb_batch_pages_flush mm/mmu_gather.c:49 [inline]
tlb_flush_mmu_free mm/mmu_gather.c:242 [inline]
tlb_flush_mmu+0x780/0x910 mm/mmu_gather.c:249
tlb_finish_mmu+0xcb/0x200 mm/mmu_gather.c:328
exit_mmap+0x296/0x550 mm/mmap.c:3185
__mmput+0x113/0x370 kernel/fork.c:1076
exit_mm+0x4cd/0x550 kernel/exit.c:483
do_exit+0x576/0x1f20 kernel/exit.c:793
do_group_exit+0x161/0x2d0 kernel/exit.c:903
get_signal+0x139b/0x1d30 kernel/signal.c:2743
arch_do_signal+0x33/0x610 arch/x86/kernel/signal.c:811
exit_to_user_mode_loop kernel/entry/common.c:135 [inline]
exit_to_user_mode_prepare+0x8d/0x1b0 kernel/entry/common.c:166
syscall_exit_to_user_mode+0x5e/0x1a0 kernel/entry/common.c:241
entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x44/0xa9
Commit 1a3e1f4096 ("mm: memcontrol: decouple reference counting from
page accounting") reworked the memcg lifetime to be bound the the struct
page rather than charges. It also removed the css_put_many from
uncharge_batch and that is causing the above splat.
uncharge_batch() is supposed to uncharge accumulated charges for all
pages freed from the same memcg. The queuing is done by uncharge_page
which however drops the memcg reference after it adds charges to the
batch. If the current page happens to be the last one holding the
reference for its memcg then the memcg is OK to go and the next page to
be freed will trigger batched uncharge which needs to access the memcg
which is gone already.
Fix the issue by taking a reference for the memcg in the current batch.
Fixes: 1a3e1f4096 ("mm: memcontrol: decouple reference counting from page accounting")
Reported-by: syzbot+b305848212deec86eabe@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
Reported-by: syzbot+b5ea6fb6f139c8b9482b@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200820090341.GC5033@dhcp22.suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The thp prefix is more frequently used than hpage and we should be
consistent between the various functions.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix mm/migrate.c]
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: William Kucharski <william.kucharski@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com>
Cc: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200629151959.15779-6-willy@infradead.org
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Commit 3e38e0aaca ("mm: memcg: charge memcg percpu memory to the
parent cgroup") adds memory tracking to the memcg kernel structures
themselves to make cgroups liable for the memory they are consuming
through the allocation of child groups (which can be significant).
This code is a bit awkward as it's spread out through several functions:
The outermost function does memalloc_use_memcg(parent) to set up
current->active_memcg, which designates which cgroup to charge, and the
inner functions pass GFP_ACCOUNT to request charging for specific
allocations. To make sure this dependency is satisfied at all times -
to make sure we don't randomly charge whoever is calling the functions -
the inner functions warn on !current->active_memcg.
However, this triggers a false warning when the root memcg itself is
allocated. No parent exists in this case, and so current->active_memcg
is rightfully NULL. It's a false positive, not indicative of a bug.
Delete the warnings for now, we can revisit this later.
Fixes: 3e38e0aaca ("mm: memcg: charge memcg percpu memory to the parent cgroup")
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Reported-by: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Acked-by: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Drop the repeated word "down".
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200801173822.14973-6-rdunlap@infradead.org
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
To prepare the workingset detection for anon LRU, this patch splits
workingset event counters for refault, activate and restore into anon and
file variants, as well as the refaults counter in struct lruvec.
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1595490560-15117-4-git-send-email-iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Memory cgroups are using large chunks of percpu memory to store vmstat
data. Yet this memory is not accounted at all, so in the case when there
are many (dying) cgroups, it's not exactly clear where all the memory is.
Because the size of memory cgroup internal structures can dramatically
exceed the size of object or page which is pinning it in the memory, it's
not a good idea to simply ignore it. It actually breaks the isolation
between cgroups.
Let's account the consumed percpu memory to the parent cgroup.
[guro@fb.com: add WARN_ON_ONCE()s, per Johannes]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200811170611.GB1507044@carbon.DHCP.thefacebook.com
Signed-off-by: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Acked-by: Dennis Zhou <dennis@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Tobin C. Harding <tobin@kernel.org>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com>
Cc: Bixuan Cui <cuibixuan@huawei.com>
Cc: Michal Koutný <mkoutny@suse.com>
Cc: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200623184515.4132564-5-guro@fb.com
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Percpu memory can represent a noticeable chunk of the total memory
consumption, especially on big machines with many CPUs. Let's track
percpu memory usage for each memcg and display it in memory.stat.
A percpu allocation is usually scattered over multiple pages (and nodes),
and can be significantly smaller than a page. So let's add a byte-sized
counter on the memcg level: MEMCG_PERCPU_B. Byte-sized vmstat infra
created for slabs can be perfectly reused for percpu case.
[guro@fb.com: v3]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200623184515.4132564-4-guro@fb.com
Signed-off-by: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Acked-by: Dennis Zhou <dennis@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Tobin C. Harding <tobin@kernel.org>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com>
Cc: Bixuan Cui <cuibixuan@huawei.com>
Cc: Michal Koutný <mkoutny@suse.com>
Cc: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200608230819.832349-4-guro@fb.com
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When an outside process lowers one of the memory limits of a cgroup (or
uses the force_empty knob in cgroup1), direct reclaim is performed in the
context of the write(), in order to directly enforce the new limit and
have it being met by the time the write() returns.
Currently, this reclaim activity is accounted as memory pressure in the
cgroup that the writer(!) belongs to. This is unexpected. It
specifically causes problems for senpai
(https://github.com/facebookincubator/senpai), which is an agent that
routinely adjusts the memory limits and performs associated reclaim work
in tens or even hundreds of cgroups running on the host. The cgroup that
senpai is running in itself will report elevated levels of memory
pressure, even though it itself is under no memory shortage or any sort of
distress.
Move the psi annotation from the central cgroup reclaim function to
callsites in the allocation context, and thereby no longer count any
limit-setting reclaim as memory pressure. If the newly set limit causes
the workload inside the cgroup into direct reclaim, that of course will
continue to count as memory pressure.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Acked-by: Chris Down <chris@chrisdown.name>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200728135210.379885-2-hannes@cmpxchg.org
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Commit 8c8c383c04 ("mm: memcontrol: try harder to set a new
memory.high") inadvertently removed a callback to recalculate the
writeback cache size in light of a newly configured memory.high limit.
Without letting the writeback cache know about a potentially heavily
reduced limit, it may permit too many dirty pages, which can cause
unnecessary reclaim latencies or even avoidable OOM situations.
This was spotted while reading the code, it hasn't knowingly caused any
problems in practice so far.
Fixes: 8c8c383c04 ("mm: memcontrol: try harder to set a new memory.high")
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Acked-by: Chris Down <chris@chrisdown.name>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200728135210.379885-1-hannes@cmpxchg.org
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Memcg oom killer invocation is synchronized by the global oom_lock and
tasks are sleeping on the lock while somebody is selecting the victim or
potentially race with the oom_reaper is releasing the victim's memory.
This can result in a pointless oom killer invocation because a waiter
might be racing with the oom_reaper
P1 oom_reaper P2
oom_reap_task mutex_lock(oom_lock)
out_of_memory # no victim because we have one already
__oom_reap_task_mm mute_unlock(oom_lock)
mutex_lock(oom_lock)
set MMF_OOM_SKIP
select_bad_process
# finds a new victim
The page allocator prevents from this race by trying to allocate after the
lock can be acquired (in __alloc_pages_may_oom) which acts as a last
minute check. Moreover page allocator simply doesn't block on the
oom_lock and simply retries the whole reclaim process.
Memcg oom killer should do the last minute check as well. Call
mem_cgroup_margin to do that. Trylock on the oom_lock could be done as
well but this doesn't seem to be necessary at this stage.
[mhocko@kernel.org: commit log]
Suggested-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Yafang Shao <laoar.shao@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Chris Down <chris@chrisdown.name>
Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@i-love.sakura.ne.jp>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1594735034-19190-1-git-send-email-laoar.shao@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
mem_cgroup_protected currently is both used to set effective low and min
and return a mem_cgroup_protection based on the result. As a user, this
can be a little unexpected: it appears to be a simple predicate function,
if not for the big warning in the comment above about the order in which
it must be executed.
This change makes it so that we separate the state mutations from the
actual protection checks, which makes it more obvious where we need to be
careful mutating internal state, and where we are simply checking and
don't need to worry about that.
[mhocko@suse.com - don't check protection on root memcgs]
Suggested-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Chris Down <chris@chrisdown.name>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Cc: Yafang Shao <laoar.shao@gmail.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/ff3f915097fcee9f6d7041c084ef92d16aaeb56a.1594638158.git.chris@chrisdown.name
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Patch series "mm, memcg: memory.{low,min} reclaim fix & cleanup", v4.
This series contains a fix for a edge case in my earlier protection
calculation patches, and a patch to make the area overall a little more
robust to hopefully help avoid this in future.
This patch (of 2):
A cgroup can have both memory protection and a memory limit to isolate it
from its siblings in both directions - for example, to prevent it from
being shrunk below 2G under high pressure from outside, but also from
growing beyond 4G under low pressure.
Commit 9783aa9917 ("mm, memcg: proportional memory.{low,min} reclaim")
implemented proportional scan pressure so that multiple siblings in excess
of their protection settings don't get reclaimed equally but instead in
accordance to their unprotected portion.
During limit reclaim, this proportionality shouldn't apply of course:
there is no competition, all pressure is from within the cgroup and should
be applied as such. Reclaim should operate at full efficiency.
However, mem_cgroup_protected() never expected anybody to look at the
effective protection values when it indicated that the cgroup is above its
protection. As a result, a query during limit reclaim may return stale
protection values that were calculated by a previous reclaim cycle in
which the cgroup did have siblings.
When this happens, reclaim is unnecessarily hesitant and potentially slow
to meet the desired limit. In theory this could lead to premature OOM
kills, although it's not obvious this has occurred in practice.
Workaround the problem by special casing reclaim roots in
mem_cgroup_protection. These memcgs are never participating in the
reclaim protection because the reclaim is internal.
We have to ignore effective protection values for reclaim roots because
mem_cgroup_protected might be called from racing reclaim contexts with
different roots. Calculation is relying on root -> leaf tree traversal
therefore top-down reclaim protection invariants should hold. The only
exception is the reclaim root which should have effective protection set
to 0 but that would be problematic for the following setup:
Let's have global and A's reclaim in parallel:
|
A (low=2G, usage = 3G, max = 3G, children_low_usage = 1.5G)
|\
| C (low = 1G, usage = 2.5G)
B (low = 1G, usage = 0.5G)
for A reclaim we have
B.elow = B.low
C.elow = C.low
For the global reclaim
A.elow = A.low
B.elow = min(B.usage, B.low) because children_low_usage <= A.elow
C.elow = min(C.usage, C.low)
With the effective values resetting we have A reclaim
A.elow = 0
B.elow = B.low
C.elow = C.low
and global reclaim could see the above and then
B.elow = C.elow = 0 because children_low_usage > A.elow
Which means that protected memcgs would get reclaimed.
In future we would like to make mem_cgroup_protected more robust against
racing reclaim contexts but that is likely more complex solution than this
simple workaround.
[hannes@cmpxchg.org - large part of the changelog]
[mhocko@suse.com - workaround explanation]
[chris@chrisdown.name - retitle]
Fixes: 9783aa9917 ("mm, memcg: proportional memory.{low,min} reclaim")
Signed-off-by: Yafang Shao <laoar.shao@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Chris Down <chris@chrisdown.name>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Chris Down <chris@chrisdown.name>
Acked-by: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/cover.1594638158.git.chris@chrisdown.name
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/044fb8ecffd001c7905d27c0c2ad998069fdc396.1594638158.git.chris@chrisdown.name
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Reclaim retries have been set to 5 since the beginning of time in
commit 66e1707bc3 ("Memory controller: add per cgroup LRU and
reclaim"). However, we now have a generally agreed-upon standard for
page reclaim: MAX_RECLAIM_RETRIES (currently 16), added many years later
in commit 0a0337e0d1 ("mm, oom: rework oom detection").
In the absence of a compelling reason to declare an OOM earlier in memcg
context than page allocator context, it seems reasonable to supplant
MEM_CGROUP_RECLAIM_RETRIES with MAX_RECLAIM_RETRIES, making the page
allocator and memcg internals more similar in semantics when reclaim
fails to produce results, avoiding premature OOMs or throttling.
Signed-off-by: Chris Down <chris@chrisdown.name>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/da557856c9c7654308eaff4eedc1952a95e8df5f.1594640214.git.chris@chrisdown.name
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Patch series "mm, memcg: reclaim harder before high throttling", v2.
This patch (of 2):
In Facebook production, we've seen cases where cgroups have been put into
allocator throttling even when they appear to have a lot of slack file
caches which should be trivially reclaimable.
Looking more closely, the problem is that we only try a single cgroup
reclaim walk for each return to usermode before calculating whether or not
we should throttle. This single attempt doesn't produce enough pressure
to shrink for cgroups with a rapidly growing amount of file caches prior
to entering allocator throttling.
As an example, we see that threads in an affected cgroup are stuck in
allocator throttling:
# for i in $(cat cgroup.threads); do
> grep over_high "/proc/$i/stack"
> done
[<0>] mem_cgroup_handle_over_high+0x10b/0x150
[<0>] mem_cgroup_handle_over_high+0x10b/0x150
[<0>] mem_cgroup_handle_over_high+0x10b/0x150
...however, there is no I/O pressure reported by PSI, despite a lot of
slack file pages:
# cat memory.pressure
some avg10=78.50 avg60=84.99 avg300=84.53 total=5702440903
full avg10=78.50 avg60=84.99 avg300=84.53 total=5702116959
# cat io.pressure
some avg10=0.00 avg60=0.00 avg300=0.00 total=78051391
full avg10=0.00 avg60=0.00 avg300=0.00 total=78049640
# grep _file memory.stat
inactive_file 1370939392
active_file 661635072
This patch changes the behaviour to retry reclaim either until the current
task goes below the 10ms grace period, or we are making no reclaim
progress at all. In the latter case, we enter reclaim throttling as
before.
To a user, there's no intuitive reason for the reclaim behaviour to differ
from hitting memory.high as part of a new allocation, as opposed to
hitting memory.high because someone lowered its value. As such this also
brings an added benefit: it unifies the reclaim behaviour between the two.
There's precedent for this behaviour: we already do reclaim retries when
writing to memory.{high,max}, in max reclaim, and in the page allocator
itself.
Signed-off-by: Chris Down <chris@chrisdown.name>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/cover.1594640214.git.chris@chrisdown.name
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/a4e23b59e9ef499b575ae73a8120ee089b7d3373.1594640214.git.chris@chrisdown.name
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Memory.high limit is implemented in a way such that the kernel penalizes
all threads which are allocating a memory over the limit. Forcing all
threads into the synchronous reclaim and adding some artificial delays
allows to slow down the memory consumption and potentially give some time
for userspace oom handlers/resource control agents to react.
It works nicely if the memory usage is hitting the limit from below,
however it works sub-optimal if a user adjusts memory.high to a value way
below the current memory usage. It basically forces all workload threads
(doing any memory allocations) into the synchronous reclaim and sleep.
This makes the workload completely unresponsive for a long period of time
and can also lead to a system-wide contention on lru locks. It can happen
even if the workload is not actually tight on memory and has, for example,
a ton of cold pagecache.
In the current implementation writing to memory.high causes an atomic
update of page counter's high value followed by an attempt to reclaim
enough memory to fit into the new limit. To fix the problem described
above, all we need is to change the order of execution: try to push the
memory usage under the limit first, and only then set the new high limit.
Reported-by: Domas Mituzas <domas@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Chris Down <chris@chrisdown.name>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200709194718.189231-1-guro@fb.com
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Currently the kernel stack is being accounted per-zone. There is no need
to do that. In addition due to being per-zone, memcg has to keep a
separate MEMCG_KERNEL_STACK_KB. Make the stat per-node and deprecate
MEMCG_KERNEL_STACK_KB as memcg_stat_item is an extension of
node_stat_item. In addition localize the kernel stack stats updates to
account_kernel_stack().
Signed-off-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200630161539.1759185-1-shakeelb@google.com
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Instead of having two sets of kmem_caches: one for system-wide and
non-accounted allocations and the second one shared by all accounted
allocations, we can use just one.
The idea is simple: space for obj_cgroup metadata can be allocated on
demand and filled only for accounted allocations.
It allows to remove a bunch of code which is required to handle kmem_cache
clones for accounted allocations. There is no more need to create them,
accumulate statistics, propagate attributes, etc. It's a quite
significant simplification.
Also, because the total number of slab_caches is reduced almost twice (not
all kmem_caches have a memcg clone), some additional memory savings are
expected. On my devvm it additionally saves about 3.5% of slab memory.
[guro@fb.com: fix build on MIPS]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200717214810.3733082-1-guro@fb.com
Suggested-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Naresh Kamboju <naresh.kamboju@linaro.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200623174037.3951353-18-guro@fb.com
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The memcg_kmem_get_cache() function became really trivial, so let's just
inline it into the single call point: memcg_slab_pre_alloc_hook().
It will make the code less bulky and can also help the compiler to
generate a better code.
Signed-off-by: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200623174037.3951353-15-guro@fb.com
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Because the number of non-root kmem_caches doesn't depend on the number of
memory cgroups anymore and is generally not very big, there is no more
need for a dedicated workqueue.
Also, as there is no more need to pass any arguments to the
memcg_create_kmem_cache() except the root kmem_cache, it's possible to
just embed the work structure into the kmem_cache and avoid the dynamic
allocation of the work structure.
This will also simplify the synchronization: for each root kmem_cache
there is only one work. So there will be no more concurrent attempts to
create a non-root kmem_cache for a root kmem_cache: the second and all
following attempts to queue the work will fail.
On the kmem_cache destruction path there is no more need to call the
expensive flush_workqueue() and wait for all pending works to be finished.
Instead, cancel_work_sync() can be used to cancel/wait for only one work.
Signed-off-by: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200623174037.3951353-14-guro@fb.com
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This is fairly big but mostly red patch, which makes all accounted slab
allocations use a single set of kmem_caches instead of creating a separate
set for each memory cgroup.
Because the number of non-root kmem_caches is now capped by the number of
root kmem_caches, there is no need to shrink or destroy them prematurely.
They can be perfectly destroyed together with their root counterparts.
This allows to dramatically simplify the management of non-root
kmem_caches and delete a ton of code.
This patch performs the following changes:
1) introduces memcg_params.memcg_cache pointer to represent the
kmem_cache which will be used for all non-root allocations
2) reuses the existing memcg kmem_cache creation mechanism
to create memcg kmem_cache on the first allocation attempt
3) memcg kmem_caches are named <kmemcache_name>-memcg,
e.g. dentry-memcg
4) simplifies memcg_kmem_get_cache() to just return memcg kmem_cache
or schedule it's creation and return the root cache
5) removes almost all non-root kmem_cache management code
(separate refcounter, reparenting, shrinking, etc)
6) makes slab debugfs to display root_mem_cgroup css id and never
show :dead and :deact flags in the memcg_slabinfo attribute.
Following patches in the series will simplify the kmem_cache creation.
Signed-off-by: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200623174037.3951353-13-guro@fb.com
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
To make the memcg_kmem_bypass() function available outside of the
memcontrol.c, let's move it to memcontrol.h. The function is small and
nicely fits into static inline sort of functions.
It will be used from the slab code.
Signed-off-by: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200623174037.3951353-12-guro@fb.com
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Deprecate memory.kmem.slabinfo.
An empty file will be presented if corresponding config options are
enabled.
The interface is implementation dependent, isn't present in cgroup v2, and
is generally useful only for core mm debugging purposes. In other words,
it doesn't provide any value for the absolute majority of users.
A drgn-based replacement can be found in
tools/cgroup/memcg_slabinfo.py. It does support cgroup v1 and v2,
mimics memory.kmem.slabinfo output and also allows to get any
additional information without a need to recompile the kernel.
If a drgn-based solution is too slow for a task, a bpf-based tracing tool
can be used, which can easily keep track of all slab allocations belonging
to a memory cgroup.
Signed-off-by: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200623174037.3951353-11-guro@fb.com
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Store the obj_cgroup pointer in the corresponding place of
page->obj_cgroups for each allocated non-root slab object. Make sure that
each allocated object holds a reference to obj_cgroup.
Objcg pointer is obtained from the memcg->objcg dereferencing in
memcg_kmem_get_cache() and passed from pre_alloc_hook to post_alloc_hook.
Then in case of successful allocation(s) it's getting stored in the
page->obj_cgroups vector.
The objcg obtaining part look a bit bulky now, but it will be simplified
by next commits in the series.
Signed-off-by: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200623174037.3951353-9-guro@fb.com
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Allocate and release memory to store obj_cgroup pointers for each non-root
slab page. Reuse page->mem_cgroup pointer to store a pointer to the
allocated space.
This commit temporarily increases the memory footprint of the kernel memory
accounting. To store obj_cgroup pointers we'll need a place for an
objcg_pointer for each allocated object. However, the following patches
in the series will enable sharing of slab pages between memory cgroups,
which will dramatically increase the total slab utilization. And the final
memory footprint will be significantly smaller than before.
To distinguish between obj_cgroups and memcg pointers in case when it's
not obvious which one is used (as in page_cgroup_ino()), let's always set
the lowest bit in the obj_cgroup case. The original obj_cgroups
pointer is marked to be ignored by kmemleak, which otherwise would
report a memory leak for each allocated vector.
Signed-off-by: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200623174037.3951353-8-guro@fb.com
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Obj_cgroup API provides an ability to account sub-page sized kernel
objects, which potentially outlive the original memory cgroup.
The top-level API consists of the following functions:
bool obj_cgroup_tryget(struct obj_cgroup *objcg);
void obj_cgroup_get(struct obj_cgroup *objcg);
void obj_cgroup_put(struct obj_cgroup *objcg);
int obj_cgroup_charge(struct obj_cgroup *objcg, gfp_t gfp, size_t size);
void obj_cgroup_uncharge(struct obj_cgroup *objcg, size_t size);
struct mem_cgroup *obj_cgroup_memcg(struct obj_cgroup *objcg);
struct obj_cgroup *get_obj_cgroup_from_current(void);
Object cgroup is basically a pointer to a memory cgroup with a per-cpu
reference counter. It substitutes a memory cgroup in places where it's
necessary to charge a custom amount of bytes instead of pages.
All charged memory rounded down to pages is charged to the corresponding
memory cgroup using __memcg_kmem_charge().
It implements reparenting: on memcg offlining it's getting reattached to
the parent memory cgroup. Each online memory cgroup has an associated
active object cgroup to handle new allocations and the list of all
attached object cgroups. On offlining of a cgroup this list is reparented
and for each object cgroup in the list the memcg pointer is swapped to the
parent memory cgroup. It prevents long-living objects from pinning the
original memory cgroup in the memory.
The implementation is based on byte-sized per-cpu stocks. A sub-page
sized leftover is stored in an atomic field, which is a part of obj_cgroup
object. So on cgroup offlining the leftover is automatically reparented.
memcg->objcg is rcu protected. objcg->memcg is a raw pointer, which is
always pointing at a memory cgroup, but can be atomically swapped to the
parent memory cgroup. So a user must ensure the lifetime of the
cgroup, e.g. grab rcu_read_lock or css_set_lock.
Suggested-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200623174037.3951353-7-guro@fb.com
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The reference counting of a memcg is currently coupled directly to how
many 4k pages are charged to it. This doesn't work well with Roman's new
slab controller, which maintains pools of objects and doesn't want to keep
an extra balance sheet for the pages backing those objects.
This unusual refcounting design (reference counts usually track pointers
to an object) is only for historical reasons: memcg used to not take any
css references and simply stalled offlining until all charges had been
reparented and the page counters had dropped to zero. When we got rid of
the reparenting requirement, the simple mechanical translation was to take
a reference for every charge.
More historical context can be found in commit e8ea14cc6e ("mm:
memcontrol: take a css reference for each charged page"), commit
64f2199389 ("mm: memcontrol: remove obsolete kmemcg pinning tricks") and
commit b2052564e6 ("mm: memcontrol: continue cache reclaim from offlined
groups").
The new slab controller exposes the limitations in this scheme, so let's
switch it to a more idiomatic reference counting model based on actual
kernel pointers to the memcg:
- The per-cpu stock holds a reference to the memcg its caching
- User pages hold a reference for their page->mem_cgroup. Transparent
huge pages will no longer acquire tail references in advance, we'll
get them if needed during the split.
- Kernel pages hold a reference for their page->mem_cgroup
- Pages allocated in the root cgroup will acquire and release css
references for simplicity. css_get() and css_put() optimize that.
- The current memcg_charge_slab() already hacked around the per-charge
references; this change gets rid of that as well.
- tcp accounting will handle reference in mem_cgroup_sk_{alloc,free}
Roman:
1) Rebased on top of the current mm tree: added css_get() in
mem_cgroup_charge(), dropped mem_cgroup_try_charge() part
2) I've reformatted commit references in the commit log to make
checkpatch.pl happy.
[hughd@google.com: remove css_put_many() from __mem_cgroup_clear_mc()]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/alpine.LSU.2.11.2007302011450.2347@eggly.anvils
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Acked-by: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200623174037.3951353-6-guro@fb.com
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
In order to prepare for per-object slab memory accounting, convert
NR_SLAB_RECLAIMABLE and NR_SLAB_UNRECLAIMABLE vmstat items to bytes.
To make it obvious, rename them to NR_SLAB_RECLAIMABLE_B and
NR_SLAB_UNRECLAIMABLE_B (similar to NR_KERNEL_STACK_KB).
Internally global and per-node counters are stored in pages, however memcg
and lruvec counters are stored in bytes. This scheme may look weird, but
only for now. As soon as slab pages will be shared between multiple
cgroups, global and node counters will reflect the total number of slab
pages. However memcg and lruvec counters will be used for per-memcg slab
memory tracking, which will take separate kernel objects in the account.
Keeping global and node counters in pages helps to avoid additional
overhead.
The size of slab memory shouldn't exceed 4Gb on 32-bit machines, so it
will fit into atomic_long_t we use for vmstats.
Signed-off-by: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200623174037.3951353-4-guro@fb.com
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
To implement per-object slab memory accounting, we need to convert slab
vmstat counters to bytes. Actually, out of 4 levels of counters: global,
per-node, per-memcg and per-lruvec only two last levels will require
byte-sized counters. It's because global and per-node counters will be
counting the number of slab pages, and per-memcg and per-lruvec will be
counting the amount of memory taken by charged slab objects.
Converting all vmstat counters to bytes or even all slab counters to bytes
would introduce an additional overhead. So instead let's store global and
per-node counters in pages, and memcg and lruvec counters in bytes.
To make the API clean all access helpers (both on the read and write
sides) are dealing with bytes.
To avoid back-and-forth conversions a new flavor of read-side helpers is
introduced, which always returns values in pages: node_page_state_pages()
and global_node_page_state_pages().
Actually new helpers are just reading raw values. Old helpers are simple
wrappers, which will complain on an attempt to read byte value, because at
the moment no one actually needs bytes.
Thanks to Johannes Weiner for the idea of having the byte-sized API on top
of the page-sized internal storage.
Signed-off-by: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200623174037.3951353-3-guro@fb.com
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Patch series "The new cgroup slab memory controller", v7.
The patchset moves the accounting from the page level to the object level.
It allows to share slab pages between memory cgroups. This leads to a
significant win in the slab utilization (up to 45%) and the corresponding
drop in the total kernel memory footprint. The reduced number of
unmovable slab pages should also have a positive effect on the memory
fragmentation.
The patchset makes the slab accounting code simpler: there is no more need
in the complicated dynamic creation and destruction of per-cgroup slab
caches, all memory cgroups use a global set of shared slab caches. The
lifetime of slab caches is not more connected to the lifetime of memory
cgroups.
The more precise accounting does require more CPU, however in practice the
difference seems to be negligible. We've been using the new slab
controller in Facebook production for several months with different
workloads and haven't seen any noticeable regressions. What we've seen
were memory savings in order of 1 GB per host (it varied heavily depending
on the actual workload, size of RAM, number of CPUs, memory pressure,
etc).
The third version of the patchset added yet another step towards the
simplification of the code: sharing of slab caches between accounted and
non-accounted allocations. It comes with significant upsides (most
noticeable, a complete elimination of dynamic slab caches creation) but
not without some regression risks, so this change sits on top of the
patchset and is not completely merged in. So in the unlikely event of a
noticeable performance regression it can be reverted separately.
The slab memory accounting works in exactly the same way for SLAB and
SLUB. With both allocators the new controller shows significant memory
savings, with SLUB the difference is bigger. On my 16-core desktop
machine running Fedora 32 the size of the slab memory measured after the
start of the system was lower by 58% and 38% with SLUB and SLAB
correspondingly.
As an estimation of a potential CPU overhead, below are results of
slab_bulk_test01 test, kindly provided by Jesper D. Brouer. He also
helped with the evaluation of results.
The test can be found here: https://github.com/netoptimizer/prototype-kernel/
The smallest number in each row should be picked for a comparison.
SLUB-patched - bulk-API
- SLUB-patched : bulk_quick_reuse objects=1 : 187 - 90 - 224 cycles(tsc)
- SLUB-patched : bulk_quick_reuse objects=2 : 110 - 53 - 133 cycles(tsc)
- SLUB-patched : bulk_quick_reuse objects=3 : 88 - 95 - 42 cycles(tsc)
- SLUB-patched : bulk_quick_reuse objects=4 : 91 - 85 - 36 cycles(tsc)
- SLUB-patched : bulk_quick_reuse objects=8 : 32 - 66 - 32 cycles(tsc)
SLUB-original - bulk-API
- SLUB-original: bulk_quick_reuse objects=1 : 87 - 87 - 142 cycles(tsc)
- SLUB-original: bulk_quick_reuse objects=2 : 52 - 53 - 53 cycles(tsc)
- SLUB-original: bulk_quick_reuse objects=3 : 42 - 42 - 91 cycles(tsc)
- SLUB-original: bulk_quick_reuse objects=4 : 91 - 37 - 37 cycles(tsc)
- SLUB-original: bulk_quick_reuse objects=8 : 31 - 79 - 76 cycles(tsc)
SLAB-patched - bulk-API
- SLAB-patched : bulk_quick_reuse objects=1 : 67 - 67 - 140 cycles(tsc)
- SLAB-patched : bulk_quick_reuse objects=2 : 55 - 46 - 46 cycles(tsc)
- SLAB-patched : bulk_quick_reuse objects=3 : 93 - 94 - 39 cycles(tsc)
- SLAB-patched : bulk_quick_reuse objects=4 : 35 - 88 - 85 cycles(tsc)
- SLAB-patched : bulk_quick_reuse objects=8 : 30 - 30 - 30 cycles(tsc)
SLAB-original- bulk-API
- SLAB-original: bulk_quick_reuse objects=1 : 143 - 136 - 67 cycles(tsc)
- SLAB-original: bulk_quick_reuse objects=2 : 45 - 46 - 46 cycles(tsc)
- SLAB-original: bulk_quick_reuse objects=3 : 38 - 39 - 39 cycles(tsc)
- SLAB-original: bulk_quick_reuse objects=4 : 35 - 87 - 87 cycles(tsc)
- SLAB-original: bulk_quick_reuse objects=8 : 29 - 66 - 30 cycles(tsc)
This patch (of 19):
To convert memcg and lruvec slab counters to bytes there must be a way to
change these counters without touching node counters. Factor out
__mod_memcg_lruvec_state() out of __mod_lruvec_state().
Signed-off-by: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200623174037.3951353-1-guro@fb.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200623174037.3951353-2-guro@fb.com
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Historically the kernel memory accounting was an opt-in feature, which
could be enabled for individual cgroups. But now it's not true, and it's
on by default both on cgroup v1 and cgroup v2. And as long as a user has
at least one non-root memory cgroup, the kernel memory accounting is on.
So in most setups it's either always on (if memory cgroups are in use and
kmem accounting is not disabled), either always off (otherwise).
memcg_kmem_enabled() is used in many places to guard the kernel memory
accounting code. If memcg_kmem_enabled() can reverse from returning true
to returning false (as now), we can't rely on it on release paths and have
to check if it was on before.
If we'll make memcg_kmem_enabled() irreversible (always returning true
after returning it for the first time), it'll make the general logic more
simple and robust. It also will allow to guard some checks which
otherwise would stay unguarded.
Reported-by: Naresh Kamboju <naresh.kamboju@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Tested-by: Naresh Kamboju <naresh.kamboju@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200702180926.1330769-1-guro@fb.com
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
It was hard to keep a test running, moving tasks between memcgs with
move_charge_at_immigrate, while swapping: mem_cgroup_id_get_many()'s
refcount is discovered to be 0 (supposedly impossible), so it is then
forced to REFCOUNT_SATURATED, and after thousands of warnings in quick
succession, the test is at last put out of misery by being OOM killed.
This is because of the way moved_swap accounting was saved up until the
task move gets completed in __mem_cgroup_clear_mc(), deferred from when
mem_cgroup_move_swap_account() actually exchanged old and new ids.
Concurrent activity can free up swap quicker than the task is scanned,
bringing id refcount down 0 (which should only be possible when
offlining).
Just skip that optimization: do that part of the accounting immediately.
Fixes: 615d66c37c ("mm: memcontrol: fix memcg id ref counter on swap charge move")
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Alex Shi <alex.shi@linux.alibaba.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Alex Shi <alex.shi@linux.alibaba.com>
Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/alpine.LSU.2.11.2007071431050.4726@eggly.anvils
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Prabhakar reported an OOPS inside mem_cgroup_get_nr_swap_pages()
function in a corner case seen on some arm64 boards when kdump kernel
runs with "cgroup_disable=memory" passed to the kdump kernel via
bootargs.
The root-cause behind the same is that currently mem_cgroup_swap_init()
function is implemented as a subsys_initcall() call instead of a
core_initcall(), this means 'cgroup_memory_noswap' still remains set to
the default value (false) even when memcg is disabled via
"cgroup_disable=memory" boot parameter.
This may result in premature OOPS inside mem_cgroup_get_nr_swap_pages()
function in corner cases:
Unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at virtual address 0000000000000188
Mem abort info:
ESR = 0x96000006
EC = 0x25: DABT (current EL), IL = 32 bits
SET = 0, FnV = 0
EA = 0, S1PTW = 0
Data abort info:
ISV = 0, ISS = 0x00000006
CM = 0, WnR = 0
[0000000000000188] user address but active_mm is swapper
Internal error: Oops: 96000006 [#1] SMP
Modules linked in:
<..snip..>
Call trace:
mem_cgroup_get_nr_swap_pages+0x9c/0xf4
shrink_lruvec+0x404/0x4f8
shrink_node+0x1a8/0x688
do_try_to_free_pages+0xe8/0x448
try_to_free_pages+0x110/0x230
__alloc_pages_slowpath.constprop.106+0x2b8/0xb48
__alloc_pages_nodemask+0x2ac/0x2f8
alloc_page_interleave+0x20/0x90
alloc_pages_current+0xdc/0xf8
atomic_pool_expand+0x60/0x210
__dma_atomic_pool_init+0x50/0xa4
dma_atomic_pool_init+0xac/0x158
do_one_initcall+0x50/0x218
kernel_init_freeable+0x22c/0x2d0
kernel_init+0x18/0x110
ret_from_fork+0x10/0x18
Code: aa1403e3 91106000 97f82a27 14000011 (f940c663)
---[ end trace 9795948475817de4 ]---
Kernel panic - not syncing: Fatal exception
Rebooting in 10 seconds..
Fixes: eccb52e788 ("mm: memcontrol: prepare swap controller setup for integration")
Reported-by: Prabhakar Kushwaha <pkushwaha@marvell.com>
Signed-off-by: Bhupesh Sharma <bhsharma@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com>
Cc: James Morse <james.morse@arm.com>
Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1593641660-13254-2-git-send-email-bhsharma@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Using uninitialized_var() is dangerous as it papers over real bugs[1]
(or can in the future), and suppresses unrelated compiler warnings
(e.g. "unused variable"). If the compiler thinks it is uninitialized,
either simply initialize the variable or make compiler changes.
In preparation for removing[2] the[3] macro[4], remove all remaining
needless uses with the following script:
git grep '\buninitialized_var\b' | cut -d: -f1 | sort -u | \
xargs perl -pi -e \
's/\buninitialized_var\(([^\)]+)\)/\1/g;
s:\s*/\* (GCC be quiet|to make compiler happy) \*/$::g;'
drivers/video/fbdev/riva/riva_hw.c was manually tweaked to avoid
pathological white-space.
No outstanding warnings were found building allmodconfig with GCC 9.3.0
for x86_64, i386, arm64, arm, powerpc, powerpc64le, s390x, mips, sparc64,
alpha, and m68k.
[1] https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20200603174714.192027-1-glider@google.com/
[2] https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/CA+55aFw+Vbj0i=1TGqCR5vQkCzWJ0QxK6CernOU6eedsudAixw@mail.gmail.com/
[3] https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/CA+55aFwgbgqhbp1fkxvRKEpzyR5J8n1vKT1VZdz9knmPuXhOeg@mail.gmail.com/
[4] https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/CA+55aFz2500WfbKXAx8s67wrm9=yVJu65TpLgN_ybYNv0VEOKA@mail.gmail.com/
Reviewed-by: Leon Romanovsky <leonro@mellanox.com> # drivers/infiniband and mlx4/mlx5
Acked-by: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@mellanox.com> # IB
Acked-by: Kalle Valo <kvalo@codeaurora.org> # wireless drivers
Reviewed-by: Chao Yu <yuchao0@huawei.com> # erofs
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Looks like one of these got missed when massaging in f86b810c26 ("mm,
memcg: prevent memory.low load/store tearing") with other linux-mm
changes.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200612174437.GA391453@chrisdown.name
Signed-off-by: Chris Down <chris@chrisdown.name>
Reported-by: Michal Koutny <mkoutny@suse.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
We should put the css reference when memory allocation failed.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200614122653.98829-1-songmuchun@bytedance.com
Fixes: f0a3a24b53 ("mm: memcg/slab: rework non-root kmem_cache lifecycle management")
Signed-off-by: Muchun Song <songmuchun@bytedance.com>
Acked-by: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com>
Cc: Qian Cai <cai@lca.pw>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Tejun reports seeing rare div0 crashes in memory.low stress testing:
RIP: 0010:mem_cgroup_calculate_protection+0xed/0x150
Code: 0f 46 d1 4c 39 d8 72 57 f6 05 16 d6 42 01 40 74 1f 4c 39 d8 76 1a 4c 39 d1 76 15 4c 29 d1 4c 29 d8 4d 29 d9 31 d2 48 0f af c1 <49> f7 f1 49 01 c2 4c 89 96 38 01 00 00 5d c3 48 0f af c7 31 d2 49
RSP: 0018:ffffa14e01d6fcd0 EFLAGS: 00010246
RAX: 000000000243e384 RBX: 0000000000000000 RCX: 0000000000008f4b
RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: ffff8b89bee84000 RDI: 0000000000000000
RBP: ffffa14e01d6fcd0 R08: ffff8b89ca7d40f8 R09: 0000000000000000
R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 00000000006422f7 R12: 0000000000000000
R13: ffff8b89d9617000 R14: ffff8b89bee84000 R15: ffffa14e01d6fdb8
FS: 0000000000000000(0000) GS:ffff8b8a1f1c0000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
CR2: 00007f93b1fc175b CR3: 000000016100a000 CR4: 0000000000340ea0
Call Trace:
shrink_node+0x1e5/0x6c0
balance_pgdat+0x32d/0x5f0
kswapd+0x1d7/0x3d0
kthread+0x11c/0x160
ret_from_fork+0x1f/0x30
This happens when parent_usage == siblings_protected.
We check that usage is bigger than protected, which should imply
parent_usage being bigger than siblings_protected. However, we don't
read (or even update) these values atomically, and they can be out of
sync as the memory state changes under us. A bit of fluctuation around
the target protection isn't a big deal, but we need to handle the div0
case.
Check the parent state explicitly to make sure we have a reasonable
positive value for the divisor.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200615140658.601684-1-hannes@cmpxchg.org
Fixes: 8a931f8013 ("mm: memcontrol: recursive memory.low protection")
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Reported-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Chris Down <chris@chrisdown.name>
Cc: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
There are some typos in comment, fix them.
s/responsiblity/responsibility
s/oflline/offline
Signed-off-by: Ethon Paul <ethp@qq.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200411064246.15781-1-ethp@qq.com
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Currently, scan pressure between the anon and file LRU lists is balanced
based on a mixture of reclaim efficiency and a somewhat vague notion of
"value" of having certain pages in memory over others. That concept of
value is problematic, because it has caused us to count any event that
remotely makes one LRU list more or less preferrable for reclaim, even
when these events are not directly comparable and impose very different
costs on the system. One example is referenced file pages that we still
deactivate and referenced anonymous pages that we actually rotate back to
the head of the list.
There is also conceptual overlap with the LRU algorithm itself. By
rotating recently used pages instead of reclaiming them, the algorithm
already biases the applied scan pressure based on page value. Thus, when
rebalancing scan pressure due to rotations, we should think of reclaim
cost, and leave assessing the page value to the LRU algorithm.
Lastly, considering both value-increasing as well as value-decreasing
events can sometimes cause the same type of event to be counted twice,
i.e. how rotating a page increases the LRU value, while reclaiming it
succesfully decreases the value. In itself this will balance out fine,
but it quietly skews the impact of events that are only recorded once.
The abstract metric of "value", the murky relationship with the LRU
algorithm, and accounting both negative and positive events make the
current pressure balancing model hard to reason about and modify.
This patch switches to a balancing model of accounting the concrete,
actually observed cost of reclaiming one LRU over another. For now, that
cost includes pages that are scanned but rotated back to the list head.
Subsequent patches will add consideration for IO caused by refaulting of
recently evicted pages.
Replace struct zone_reclaim_stat with two cost counters in the lruvec, and
make everything that affects cost go through a new lru_note_cost()
function.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@surriel.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200520232525.798933-9-hannes@cmpxchg.org
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The previous patches have simplified the access rules around
page->mem_cgroup somewhat:
1. We never change page->mem_cgroup while the page is isolated by
somebody else. This was by far the biggest exception to our rules and
it didn't stop at lock_page() or lock_page_memcg().
2. We charge pages before they get put into page tables now, so the
somewhat fishy rule about "can be in page table as long as it's still
locked" is now gone and boiled down to having an exclusive reference to
the page.
Document the new rules. Any of the following will stabilize the
page->mem_cgroup association:
- the page lock
- LRU isolation
- lock_page_memcg()
- exclusive access to the page
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Alex Shi <alex.shi@linux.alibaba.com>
Reviewed-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill@shutemov.name>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <bsingharora@gmail.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200508183105.225460-20-hannes@cmpxchg.org
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Swapin faults were the last event to charge pages after they had already
been put on the LRU list. Now that we charge directly on swapin, the
lrucare portion of the charge code is unused.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Alex Shi <alex.shi@linux.alibaba.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill@shutemov.name>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <bsingharora@gmail.com>
Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200508183105.225460-19-hannes@cmpxchg.org
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Without swap page tracking, users that are otherwise memory controlled can
easily escape their containment and allocate significant amounts of memory
that they're not being charged for. That's because swap does readahead,
but without the cgroup records of who owned the page at swapout, readahead
pages don't get charged until somebody actually faults them into their
page table and we can identify an owner task. This can be maliciously
exploited with MADV_WILLNEED, which triggers arbitrary readahead
allocations without charging the pages.
Make swap swap page tracking an integral part of memcg and remove the
Kconfig options. In the first place, it was only made configurable to
allow users to save some memory. But the overhead of tracking cgroup
ownership per swap page is minimal - 2 byte per page, or 512k per 1G of
swap, or 0.04%. Saving that at the expense of broken containment
semantics is not something we should present as a coequal option.
The swapaccount=0 boot option will continue to exist, and it will
eliminate the page_counter overhead and hide the swap control files, but
it won't disable swap slot ownership tracking.
This patch makes sure we always have the cgroup records at swapin time;
the next patch will fix the actual bug by charging readahead swap pages at
swapin time rather than at fault time.
v2: fix double swap charge bug in cgroup1/cgroup2 code gating
[hannes@cmpxchg.org: fix crash with cgroup_disable=memory]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200521215855.GB815153@cmpxchg.org
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Alex Shi <alex.shi@linux.alibaba.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill@shutemov.name>
Cc: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <bsingharora@gmail.com>
Cc: Naresh Kamboju <naresh.kamboju@linaro.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200508183105.225460-16-hannes@cmpxchg.org
Debugged-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Debugged-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
A few cleanups to streamline the swap controller setup:
- Replace the do_swap_account flag with cgroup_memory_noswap. This
brings it in line with other functionality that is usually available
unless explicitly opted out of - nosocket, nokmem.
- Remove the really_do_swap_account flag that stores the boot option
and is later used to switch the do_swap_account. It's not clear why
this indirection is/was necessary. Use do_swap_account directly.
- Minor coding style polishing
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Alex Shi <alex.shi@linux.alibaba.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill@shutemov.name>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <bsingharora@gmail.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200508183105.225460-15-hannes@cmpxchg.org
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
There are no more users. RIP in peace.
[arnd@arndb.de: fix an unused-function warning]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200528095640.151454-1-arnd@arndb.de
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Alex Shi <alex.shi@linux.alibaba.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill@shutemov.name>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <bsingharora@gmail.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200508183105.225460-14-hannes@cmpxchg.org
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
With rmap memcg locking already in place for NR_ANON_MAPPED, it's just a
small step to remove the MEMCG_RSS_HUGE wart and switch memcg to the
native NR_ANON_THPS accounting sites.
[hannes@cmpxchg.org: fixes]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200512121750.GA397968@cmpxchg.org
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Tested-by: Naresh Kamboju <naresh.kamboju@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Acked-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org> [build-tested]
Cc: Alex Shi <alex.shi@linux.alibaba.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill@shutemov.name>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <bsingharora@gmail.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200508183105.225460-12-hannes@cmpxchg.org
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Memcg maintains a private MEMCG_RSS counter. This divergence from the
generic VM accounting means unnecessary code overhead, and creates a
dependency for memcg that page->mapping is set up at the time of charging,
so that page types can be told apart.
Convert the generic accounting sites to mod_lruvec_page_state and friends
to maintain the per-cgroup vmstat counter of NR_ANON_MAPPED. We use
lock_page_memcg() to stabilize page->mem_cgroup during rmap changes, the
same way we do for NR_FILE_MAPPED.
With the previous patch removing MEMCG_CACHE and the private NR_SHMEM
counter, this patch finally eliminates the need to have page->mapping set
up at charge time. However, we need to have page->mem_cgroup set up by
the time rmap runs and does the accounting, so switch the commit and the
rmap callbacks around.
v2: fix temporary accounting bug by switching rmap<->commit (Joonsoo)
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Alex Shi <alex.shi@linux.alibaba.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill@shutemov.name>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <bsingharora@gmail.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200508183105.225460-11-hannes@cmpxchg.org
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Memcg maintains private MEMCG_CACHE and NR_SHMEM counters. This
divergence from the generic VM accounting means unnecessary code overhead,
and creates a dependency for memcg that page->mapping is set up at the
time of charging, so that page types can be told apart.
Convert the generic accounting sites to mod_lruvec_page_state and friends
to maintain the per-cgroup vmstat counters of NR_FILE_PAGES and NR_SHMEM.
The page is already locked in these places, so page->mem_cgroup is stable;
we only need minimal tweaks of two mem_cgroup_migrate() calls to ensure
it's set up in time.
Then replace MEMCG_CACHE with NR_FILE_PAGES and delete the private
NR_SHMEM accounting sites.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Alex Shi <alex.shi@linux.alibaba.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill@shutemov.name>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <bsingharora@gmail.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200508183105.225460-10-hannes@cmpxchg.org
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Anonymous compound pages can be mapped by ptes, which means that if we
want to track NR_MAPPED_ANON, NR_ANON_THPS on a per-cgroup basis, we have
to be prepared to see tail pages in our accounting functions.
Make mod_lruvec_page_state() and lock_page_memcg() deal with tail pages
correctly, namely by redirecting to the head page which has the
page->mem_cgroup set up.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Alex Shi <alex.shi@linux.alibaba.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill@shutemov.name>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <bsingharora@gmail.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200508183105.225460-9-hannes@cmpxchg.org
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When memcg uses the generic vmstat counters, it doesn't need to do
anything at charging and uncharging time. It does, however, need to
migrate counts when pages move to a different cgroup in move_account.
Prepare the move_account function for the arrival of NR_FILE_PAGES,
NR_ANON_MAPPED, NR_ANON_THPS etc. by having a branch for files and a
branch for anon, which can then divided into sub-branches.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Alex Shi <alex.shi@linux.alibaba.com>
Reviewed-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill@shutemov.name>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <bsingharora@gmail.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200508183105.225460-8-hannes@cmpxchg.org
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The uncharge batching code adds up the anon, file, kmem counts to
determine the total number of pages to uncharge and references to drop.
But the next patches will remove the anon and file counters.
Maintain an aggregate nr_pages in the uncharge_gather struct.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Alex Shi <alex.shi@linux.alibaba.com>
Reviewed-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill@shutemov.name>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <bsingharora@gmail.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200508183105.225460-7-hannes@cmpxchg.org
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The try/commit/cancel protocol that memcg uses dates back to when pages
used to be uncharged upon removal from the page cache, and thus couldn't
be committed before the insertion had succeeded. Nowadays, pages are
uncharged when they are physically freed; it doesn't matter whether the
insertion was successful or not. For the page cache, the transaction
dance has become unnecessary.
Introduce a mem_cgroup_charge() function that simply charges a newly
allocated page to a cgroup and sets up page->mem_cgroup in one single
step. If the insertion fails, the caller doesn't have to do anything but
free/put the page.
Then switch the page cache over to this new API.
Subsequent patches will also convert anon pages, but it needs a bit more
prep work. Right now, memcg depends on page->mapping being already set up
at the time of charging, so that it can maintain its own MEMCG_CACHE and
MEMCG_RSS counters. For anon, page->mapping is set under the same pte
lock under which the page is publishd, so a single charge point that can
block doesn't work there just yet.
The following prep patches will replace the private memcg counters with
the generic vmstat counters, thus removing the page->mapping dependency,
then complete the transition to the new single-point charge API and delete
the old transactional scheme.
v2: leave shmem swapcache when charging fails to avoid double IO (Joonsoo)
v3: rebase on preceeding shmem simplification patch
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Alex Shi <alex.shi@linux.alibaba.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill@shutemov.name>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <bsingharora@gmail.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200508183105.225460-6-hannes@cmpxchg.org
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The cgroup swaprate throttling is about matching new anon allocations to
the rate of available IO when that is being throttled. It's the io
controller hooking into the VM, rather than a memory controller thing.
Rename mem_cgroup_throttle_swaprate() to cgroup_throttle_swaprate(), and
drop the @memcg argument which is only used to check whether the preceding
page charge has succeeded and the fault is proceeding.
We could decouple the call from mem_cgroup_try_charge() here as well, but
that would cause unnecessary churn: the following patches convert all
callsites to a new charge API and we'll decouple as we go along.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Alex Shi <alex.shi@linux.alibaba.com>
Reviewed-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Reviewed-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill@shutemov.name>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <bsingharora@gmail.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200508183105.225460-5-hannes@cmpxchg.org
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The memcg charging API carries a boolean @compound parameter that tells
whether the page we're dealing with is a hugepage.
mem_cgroup_commit_charge() has another boolean @lrucare that indicates
whether the page needs LRU locking or not while charging. The majority of
callsites know those parameters at compile time, which results in a lot of
naked "false, false" argument lists. This makes for cryptic code and is a
breeding ground for subtle mistakes.
Thankfully, the huge page state can be inferred from the page itself and
doesn't need to be passed along. This is safe because charging completes
before the page is published and somebody may split it.
Simplify the callsites by removing @compound, and let memcg infer the
state by using hpage_nr_pages() unconditionally. That function does
PageTransHuge() to identify huge pages, which also helpfully asserts that
nobody passes in tail pages by accident.
The following patches will introduce a new charging API, best not to carry
over unnecessary weight.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Alex Shi <alex.shi@linux.alibaba.com>
Reviewed-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Reviewed-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill@shutemov.name>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <bsingharora@gmail.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200508183105.225460-4-hannes@cmpxchg.org
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The move_lock is a per-memcg lock, but the VM accounting code that needs
to acquire it comes from the page and follows page->mem_cgroup under RCU
protection. That means that the page becomes unlocked not when we drop
the move_lock, but when we update page->mem_cgroup. And that assignment
doesn't imply any memory ordering. If that pointer write gets reordered
against the reads of the page state - page_mapped, PageDirty etc. the
state may change while we rely on it being stable and we can end up
corrupting the counters.
Place an SMP memory barrier to make sure we're done with all page state by
the time the new page->mem_cgroup becomes visible.
Also replace the open-coded move_lock with a lock_page_memcg() to make it
more obvious what we're serializing against.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Reviewed-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Cc: Alex Shi <alex.shi@linux.alibaba.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill@shutemov.name>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <bsingharora@gmail.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200508183105.225460-3-hannes@cmpxchg.org
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Currently reading memory.numa_stat traverses the underlying memcg tree
multiple times to accumulate the stats to present the hierarchical view of
the memcg tree. However the kernel already maintains the hierarchical
view of the stats and use it in memory.stat. Just use the same mechanism
in memory.numa_stat as well.
I ran a simple benchmark which reads root_mem_cgroup's memory.numa_stat
file in the presense of 10000 memcgs. The results are:
Without the patch:
$ time cat /dev/cgroup/memory/memory.numa_stat > /dev/null
real 0m0.700s
user 0m0.001s
sys 0m0.697s
With the patch:
$ time cat /dev/cgroup/memory/memory.numa_stat > /dev/null
real 0m0.001s
user 0m0.001s
sys 0m0.000s
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: avoid forcing out-of-line code generation]
Signed-off-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200304022058.248270-1-shakeelb@google.com
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
While trying to use remote memcg charging in an out-of-tree kernel
module I found it's not working, because the current thread is a
workqueue thread.
As we will probably encounter this issue in the future as the users of
memalloc_use_memcg() grow, and it's nothing wrong for this usage, it's
better we fix it now.
Signed-off-by: Zefan Li <lizefan@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Reviewed-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1d202a12-26fe-0012-ea14-f025ddcd044a@huawei.com
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Add a memory.swap.high knob, which can be used to protect the system
from SWAP exhaustion. The mechanism used for penalizing is similar to
memory.high penalty (sleep on return to user space).
That is not to say that the knob itself is equivalent to memory.high.
The objective is more to protect the system from potentially buggy tasks
consuming a lot of swap and impacting other tasks, or even bringing the
whole system to stand still with complete SWAP exhaustion. Hopefully
without the need to find per-task hard limits.
Slowing misbehaving tasks down gradually allows user space oom killers
or other protection mechanisms to react. oomd and earlyoom already do
killing based on swap exhaustion, and memory.swap.high protection will
help implement such userspace oom policies more reliably.
We can use one counter for number of pages allocated under pressure to
save struct task space and avoid two separate hierarchy walks on the hot
path. The exact overage is calculated on return to user space, anyway.
Take the new high limit into account when determining if swap is "full".
Borrowing the explanation from Johannes:
The idea behind "swap full" is that as long as the workload has plenty
of swap space available and it's not changing its memory contents, it
makes sense to generously hold on to copies of data in the swap device,
even after the swapin. A later reclaim cycle can drop the page without
any IO. Trading disk space for IO.
But the only two ways to reclaim a swap slot is when they're faulted
in and the references go away, or by scanning the virtual address space
like swapoff does - which is very expensive (one could argue it's too
expensive even for swapoff, it's often more practical to just reboot).
So at some point in the fill level, we have to start freeing up swap
slots on fault/swapin. Otherwise we could eventually run out of swap
slots while they're filled with copies of data that is also in RAM.
We don't want to OOM a workload because its available swap space is
filled with redundant cache.
Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Chris Down <chris@chrisdown.name>
Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200527195846.102707-5-kuba@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
High memory limit is currently recorded directly in struct mem_cgroup.
We are about to add a high limit for swap, move the field to struct
page_counter and add some helpers.
Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Chris Down <chris@chrisdown.name>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200527195846.102707-4-kuba@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
We will want to call calculate_high_delay() twice - once for memory and
once for swap, and we should apply the clamp value to sum of the
penalties. Clamping has to be applied outside of calculate_high_delay().
Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Chris Down <chris@chrisdown.name>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200527195846.102707-3-kuba@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Patch series "memcg: Slow down swap allocation as the available space
gets depleted", v6.
Tejun describes the problem as follows:
When swap runs out, there's an abrupt change in system behavior - the
anonymous memory suddenly becomes unmanageable which readily breaks any
sort of memory isolation and can bring down the whole system. To avoid
that, oomd [1] monitors free swap space and triggers kills when it drops
below the specific threshold (e.g. 15%).
While this works, it's far from ideal:
- Depending on IO performance and total swap size, a given
headroom might not be enough or too much.
- oomd has to monitor swap depletion in addition to the usual
pressure metrics and it currently doesn't consider memory.swap.max.
Solve this by adapting parts of the approach that memory.high uses -
slow down allocation as the resource gets depleted turning the depletion
behavior from abrupt cliff one to gradual degradation observable through
memory pressure metric.
[1] https://github.com/facebookincubator/oomd
This patch (of 4):
Slice the memory overage calculation logic a little bit so we can reuse
it to apply a similar penalty to the swap. The logic which accesses the
memory-specific fields (use and high values) has to be taken out of
calculate_high_delay().
Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Chris Down <chris@chrisdown.name>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200527195846.102707-1-kuba@kernel.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200527195846.102707-2-kuba@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
One way to measure the efficiency of memory reclaim is to look at the
ratio (pgscan+pfrefill)/pgsteal. However at the moment these stats are
not updated consistently at the system level and the ratio of these are
not very meaningful. The pgsteal and pgscan are updated for only global
reclaim while pgrefill gets updated for global as well as cgroup
reclaim.
Please note that this difference is only for system level vmstats. The
cgroup stats returned by memory.stat are actually consistent. The
cgroup's pgsteal contains number of reclaimed pages for global as well
as cgroup reclaim. So, one way to get the system level stats is to get
these stats from root's memory.stat, so, expose memory.stat for the root
cgroup.
From Johannes Weiner:
There are subtle differences between /proc/vmstat and
memory.stat, and cgroup-aware code that wants to watch the full
hierarchy currently has to know about these intricacies and
translate semantics back and forth.
Generally having the fully recursive memory.stat at the root
level could help a broader range of usecases.
Why not fix the stats by including both the global and cgroup reclaim
activity instead of exposing root cgroup's memory.stat? The reason is
the benefit of having metrics exposing the activity that happens purely
due to machine capacity rather than localized activity that happens due
to the limits throughout the cgroup tree. Additionally there are
userspace tools like sysstat(sar) which reads these stats to inform
about the system level reclaim activity. So, we should not break such
use-cases.
Suggested-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Yafang Shao <laoar.shao@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Chris Down <chris@chrisdown.name>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200508170630.94406-1-shakeelb@google.com
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When the variables count and limit have the same value(count == limit),
the result of min(margin, limit - count) statement should be 0 and the
variable margin is set to 0. So in this case, the min() statement is
not necessary and we can directly set the variable margin to 0.
Signed-off-by: Kaixu Xia <kaixuxia@tencent.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1587479661-27237-1-git-send-email-kaixuxia@tencent.com
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
There's a new workingset counter introduced in commit 1899ad18c6 ("mm:
workingset: tell cache transitions from workingset thrashing"). With
the help of this counter we can know the workingset is transitioning or
thrashing. To leverage the benifit of this counter to memcg, we should
introduce it into memory.stat. Then we could know the workingset of the
workload inside a memcg better.
Bellow is the verification of this new counter in memory.stat. Read a
file into the memory and then read it again to make these pages be
active. The size of this file is 1G. (memory.max is greater than file
size) The counters in memory.stat will be
inactive_file 0
active_file 1073639424
workingset_refault 0
workingset_activate 0
workingset_restore 0
workingset_nodereclaim 0
Trigger the memcg reclaim by setting a lower value to memory.high, and
then some pages will be demoted into inactive list, and then some pages
in the inactive list will be evicted into the storage.
inactive_file 498094080
active_file 310063104
workingset_refault 0
workingset_activate 0
workingset_restore 0
workingset_nodereclaim 0
Then recover the memory.high and read the file into memory again. As a
result of it, the transitioning will occur. Bellow is the result of
this transitioning,
inactive_file 498094080
active_file 575397888
workingset_refault 64746
workingset_activate 64746
workingset_restore 64746
workingset_nodereclaim 0
Signed-off-by: Yafang Shao <laoar.shao@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Chris Down <chris@chrisdown.name>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com>
Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200504153522.11553-1-laoar.shao@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
After an NFS page has been written it is considered "unstable" until a
COMMIT request succeeds. If the COMMIT fails, the page will be
re-written.
These "unstable" pages are currently accounted as "reclaimable", either
in WB_RECLAIMABLE, or in NR_UNSTABLE_NFS which is included in a
'reclaimable' count. This might have made sense when sending the COMMIT
required a separate action by the VFS/MM (e.g. releasepage() used to
send a COMMIT). However now that all writes generated by ->writepages()
will automatically be followed by a COMMIT (since commit 919e3bd9a8
("NFS: Ensure we commit after writeback is complete")) it makes more
sense to treat them as writeback pages.
So this patch removes NR_UNSTABLE_NFS and accounts unstable pages in
NR_WRITEBACK and WB_WRITEBACK.
A particular effect of this change is that when
wb_check_background_flush() calls wb_over_bg_threshold(), the latter
will report 'true' a lot less often as the 'unstable' pages are no
longer considered 'dirty' (as there is nothing that writeback can do
about them anyway).
Currently wb_check_background_flush() will trigger writeback to NFS even
when there are relatively few dirty pages (if there are lots of unstable
pages), this can result in small writes going to the server (10s of
Kilobytes rather than a Megabyte) which hurts throughput. With this
patch, there are fewer writes which are each larger on average.
Where the NR_UNSTABLE_NFS count was included in statistics
virtual-files, the entry is retained, but the value is hard-coded as
zero. static trace points and warning printks which mentioned this
counter no longer report it.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: re-layout comment]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix printk warning]
Signed-off-by: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Acked-by: Trond Myklebust <trond.myklebust@hammerspace.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> [mm]
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Cc: Chuck Lever <chuck.lever@oracle.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/87d06j7gqa.fsf@notabene.neil.brown.name
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When I run my memcg testcase which creates lots of memcgs, I found
there're unexpected out of memory logs while there're still enough
available free memory. The error log is
mkdir: cannot create directory 'foo.65533': Cannot allocate memory
The reason is when we try to create more than MEM_CGROUP_ID_MAX memcgs,
an -ENOMEM errno will be set by mem_cgroup_css_alloc(), but the right
errno should be -ENOSPC "No space left on device", which is an
appropriate errno for userspace's failed mkdir.
As the errno really misled me, we should make it right. After this
patch, the error log will be
mkdir: cannot create directory 'foo.65533': No space left on device
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: s/EBUSY/ENOSPC/, per Michal]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: s/EBUSY/ENOSPC/, per Michal]
Fixes: 73f576c04b ("mm: memcontrol: fix cgroup creation failure after many small jobs")
Suggested-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Yafang Shao <laoar.shao@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200407063621.GA18914@dhcp22.suse.cz
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1586192163-20099-1-git-send-email-laoar.shao@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
If a cgroup violates its memory.high constraints, we may end up unduly
penalising it. For example, for the following hierarchy:
A: max high, 20 usage
A/B: 9 high, 10 usage
A/C: max high, 10 usage
We would end up doing the following calculation below when calculating
high delay for A/B:
A/B: 10 - 9 = 1...
A: 20 - PAGE_COUNTER_MAX = 21, so set max_overage to 21.
This gets worse with higher disparities in usage in the parent.
I have no idea how this disappeared from the final version of the patch,
but it is certainly Not Good(tm). This wasn't obvious in testing because,
for a simple cgroup hierarchy with only one child, the result is usually
roughly the same. It's only in more complex hierarchies that things go
really awry (although still, the effects are limited to a maximum of 2
seconds in schedule_timeout_killable at a maximum).
[chris@chrisdown.name: changelog]
Fixes: e26733e0d0 ("mm, memcg: throttle allocators based on ancestral memory.high")
Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Chris Down <chris@chrisdown.name>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> [5.4.x]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200331152424.GA1019937@chrisdown.name
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The root of the hierarchy cannot have high set, so we will never reclaim
based on it. This makes that clearer and avoids another entry.
Signed-off-by: Chris Down <chris@chrisdown.name>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200312164137.GA1753625@chrisdown.name
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
If a task is getting moved out of the OOMing cgroup, it might result in
unexpected OOM killings if memory.oom.group is used anywhere in the cgroup
tree.
Imagine the following example:
A (oom.group = 1)
/ \
(OOM) B C
Let's say B's memory.max is exceeded and it's OOMing. The OOM killer
selects a task in B as a victim, but someone asynchronously moves the task
into C. mem_cgroup_get_oom_group() will iterate over all ancestors of C
up to the root cgroup. In theory it had to stop at the oom_domain level -
the memory cgroup which is OOMing. But because B is not an ancestor of C,
it's not happening. Instead it chooses A (because it's oom.group is set),
and kills all tasks in A. This behavior is wrong because the OOM happened
in B, so there is no reason to kill anything outside.
Fix this by checking it the memory cgroup to which the task belongs is a
descendant of the oom_domain. If not, memory.oom.group should be ignored,
and the OOM killer should kill only the victim task.
Reported-by: Dan Schatzberg <dschatzberg@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200316223510.3176148-1-guro@fb.com
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The read side of this is all protected, but we can still tear if multiple
iterations of mem_cgroup_protected are going at the same time.
There's some intentional racing in mem_cgroup_protected which is ok, but
load/store tearing should be avoided.
Signed-off-by: Chris Down <chris@chrisdown.name>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/d1e9fbc0379fe8db475d82c8b6fbe048876e12ae.1584034301.git.chris@chrisdown.name
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The write side of this is xchg()/smp_mb(), so that's all good. Just a few
sites missing a READ_ONCE.
Signed-off-by: Chris Down <chris@chrisdown.name>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/bbec2c3d822217334855c8877a9d28b2a6d395fb.1584034301.git.chris@chrisdown.name
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This can be set concurrently with reads, which may cause the wrong value
to be propagated.
Signed-off-by: Chris Down <chris@chrisdown.name>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/e809b4e6b0c1626dac6945970de06409a180ee65.1584034301.git.chris@chrisdown.name
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This one is a bit more nuanced because we have memcg_max_mutex, which is
mostly just used for enforcing invariants, but we still need to READ_ONCE
since (despite its name) it doesn't really protect memory.max access.
On write (page_counter_set_max() and memory_max_write()) we use xchg(),
which uses smp_mb(), so that's already fine.
Signed-off-by: Chris Down <chris@chrisdown.name>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/50a31e5f39f8ae6c8fb73966ba1455f0924e8f44.1584034301.git.chris@chrisdown.name
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
A mem_cgroup's high attribute can be concurrently set at the same time as
we are trying to read it -- for example, if we are in memory_high_write at
the same time as we are trying to do high reclaim.
Signed-off-by: Chris Down <chris@chrisdown.name>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/2f66f7038ed1d4688e59de72b627ae0ea52efa83.1584034301.git.chris@chrisdown.name
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
mem_cgroup_id_get_many() is currently used only when MMU or MEMCG_SWAP
configuration options are enabled. Having them disabled triggers the
following warning at compile time:
linux/mm/memcontrol.c:4797:13: warning: `mem_cgroup_id_get_many' defined but not used [-Wunused-function]
static void mem_cgroup_id_get_many(struct mem_cgroup *memcg, unsigned int n)
Make mem_cgroup_id_get_many() __maybe_unused to address the issue.
Signed-off-by: Vincenzo Frascino <vincenzo.frascino@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Chris Down <chris@chrisdown.name>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200305164354.48147-1-vincenzo.frascino@arm.com
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Currently multiple locations in memcg code, css_tryget_online() is being
used. However it doesn't matter whether the cgroup is online for the
callers. Online used to matter when we had reparenting on offlining and
we needed a way to prevent new ones from showing up.
The failure case for couple of these css_tryget_online usage is to
fallback to root_mem_cgroup which kind of make bypassing the memcg
limits possible for some workloads. For example creating an inotify
group in a subcontainer and then deleting that container after moving the
process to a different container will make all the event objects
allocated for that group to the root_mem_cgroup. So, using
css_tryget_online() is dangerous for such cases.
Two locations still use the online version. The swapin of offlined
memcg's pages and the memcg kmem cache creation. The kmem cache indeed
needs the online version as the kernel does the reparenting of memcg
kmem caches. For the swapin case, it has been left for later as the
fallback is not really that concerning.
With swap accounting enabled, if the memcg of the swapped out page is
not online then the memcg extracted from the given 'mm' will be charged
and if 'mm' is NULL then root memcg will be charged. However I could
not find a code path where the given 'mm' will be NULL for swap-in
case.
Signed-off-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com>
Cc: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200302203109.179417-1-shakeelb@google.com
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Right now, the effective protection of any given cgroup is capped by its
own explicit memory.low setting, regardless of what the parent says. The
reasons for this are mostly historical and ease of implementation: to make
delegation of memory.low safe, effective protection is the min() of all
memory.low up the tree.
Unfortunately, this limitation makes it impossible to protect an entire
subtree from another without forcing the user to make explicit protection
allocations all the way to the leaf cgroups - something that is highly
undesirable in real life scenarios.
Consider memory in a data center host. At the cgroup top level, we have a
distinction between system management software and the actual workload the
system is executing. Both branches are further subdivided into individual
services, job components etc.
We want to protect the workload as a whole from the system management
software, but that doesn't mean we want to protect and prioritize
individual workload wrt each other. Their memory demand can vary over
time, and we'd want the VM to simply cache the hottest data within the
workload subtree. Yet, the current memory.low limitations force us to
allocate a fixed amount of protection to each workload component in order
to get protection from system management software in general. This
results in very inefficient resource distribution.
Another concern with mandating downward allocation is that, as the
complexity of the cgroup tree grows, it gets harder for the lower levels
to be informed about decisions made at the host-level. Consider a
container inside a namespace that in turn creates its own nested tree of
cgroups to run multiple workloads. It'd be extremely difficult to
configure memory.low parameters in those leaf cgroups that on one hand
balance pressure among siblings as the container desires, while also
reflecting the host-level protection from e.g. rpm upgrades, that lie
beyond one or more delegation and namespacing points in the tree.
It's highly unusual from a cgroup interface POV that nested levels have to
be aware of and reflect decisions made at higher levels for them to be
effective.
To enable such use cases and scale configurability for complex trees, this
patch implements a resource inheritance model for memory that is similar
to how the CPU and the IO controller implement work-conserving resource
allocations: a share of a resource allocated to a subree always applies to
the entire subtree recursively, while allowing, but not mandating,
children to further specify distribution rules.
That means that if protection is explicitly allocated among siblings,
those configured shares are being followed during page reclaim just like
they are now. However, if the memory.low set at a higher level is not
fully claimed by the children in that subtree, the "floating" remainder is
applied to each cgroup in the tree in proportion to its size. Since
reclaim pressure is applied in proportion to size as well, each child in
that tree gets the same boost, and the effect is neutral among siblings -
with respect to each other, they behave as if no memory control was
enabled at all, and the VM simply balances the memory demands optimally
within the subtree. But collectively those cgroups enjoy a boost over the
cgroups in neighboring trees.
E.g. a leaf cgroup with a memory.low setting of 0 no longer means that
it's not getting a share of the hierarchically assigned resource, just
that it doesn't claim a fixed amount of it to protect from its siblings.
This allows us to recursively protect one subtree (workload) from another
(system management), while letting subgroups compete freely among each
other - without having to assign fixed shares to each leaf, and without
nested groups having to echo higher-level settings.
The floating protection composes naturally with fixed protection.
Consider the following example tree:
A A: low = 2G
/ \ A1: low = 1G
A1 A2 A2: low = 0G
As outside pressure is applied to this tree, A1 will enjoy a fixed
protection from A2 of 1G, but the remaining, unclaimed 1G from A is split
evenly among A1 and A2, coming out to 1.5G and 0.5G.
There is a slight risk of regressing theoretical setups where the
top-level cgroups don't know about the true budgeting and set bogusly high
"bypass" values that are meaningfully allocated down the tree. Such
setups would rely on unclaimed protection to be discarded, and
distributing it would change the intended behavior. Be safe and hide the
new behavior behind a mount option, 'memory_recursiveprot'.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Acked-by: Chris Down <chris@chrisdown.name>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Michal Koutný <mkoutny@suse.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200227195606.46212-4-hannes@cmpxchg.org
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The effective protection of any given cgroup is a somewhat complicated
construct that depends on the ancestor's configuration, siblings'
configurations, as well as current memory utilization in all these groups.
It's done this way to satisfy hierarchical delegation requirements while
also making the configuration semantics flexible and expressive in complex
real life scenarios.
Unfortunately, all the rules and requirements are sparsely documented, and
the code is a little too clever in merging different scenarios into a
single min() expression. This makes it hard to reason about the
implementation and avoid breaking semantics when making changes to it.
This patch documents each semantic rule individually and splits out the
handling of the overcommit case from the regular case.
Michal Koutný also points out that the points of equilibrium as described
in the existing example scenarios aren't actually accurate. Delete these
examples for now to avoid confusion.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Acked-by: Chris Down <chris@chrisdown.name>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Michal Koutný <mkoutny@suse.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200227195606.46212-3-hannes@cmpxchg.org
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Patch series "mm: memcontrol: recursive memory.low protection", v3.
The current memory.low (and memory.min) semantics require protection to be
assigned to a cgroup in an untinterrupted chain from the top-level cgroup
all the way to the leaf.
In practice, we want to protect entire cgroup subtrees from each other
(system management software vs. workload), but we would like the VM to
balance memory optimally *within* each subtree, without having to make
explicit weight allocations among individual components. The current
semantics make that impossible.
They also introduce unmanageable complexity into more advanced resource
trees. For example:
host root
`- system.slice
`- rpm upgrades
`- logging
`- workload.slice
`- a container
`- system.slice
`- workload.slice
`- job A
`- component 1
`- component 2
`- job B
At a host-level perspective, we would like to protect the outer
workload.slice subtree as a whole from rpm upgrades, logging etc. But for
that to be effective, right now we'd have to propagate it down through the
container, the inner workload.slice, into the job cgroup and ultimately
the component cgroups where memory is actually, physically allocated.
This may cross several tree delegation points and namespace boundaries,
which make such a setup near impossible.
CPU and IO on the other hand are already distributed recursively. The
user would simply configure allowances at the host level, and they would
apply to the entire subtree without any downward propagation.
To enable the above-mentioned usecases and bring memory in line with other
resource controllers, this patch series extends memory.low/min such that
settings apply recursively to the entire subtree. Users can still assign
explicit shares in subgroups, but if they don't, any ancestral protection
will be distributed such that children compete freely amongst each other -
as if no memory control were enabled inside the subtree - but enjoy
protection from neighboring trees.
In the above example, the user would then be able to configure shares of
CPU, IO and memory at the host level to comprehensively protect and
isolate the workload.slice as a whole from system.slice activity.
Patch #1 fixes an existing bug that can give a cgroup tree more protection
than it should receive as per ancestor configuration.
Patch #2 simplifies and documents the existing code to make it easier to
reason about the changes in the next patch.
Patch #3 finally implements recursive memory protection semantics.
Because of a risk of regressing legacy setups, the new semantics are
hidden behind a cgroup2 mount option, 'memory_recursiveprot'.
More details in patch #3.
This patch (of 3):
When memory.low is overcommitted - i.e. the children claim more
protection than their shared ancestor grants them - the allowance is
distributed in proportion to how much each sibling uses their own declared
protection:
low_usage = min(memory.low, memory.current)
elow = parent_elow * (low_usage / siblings_low_usage)
However, siblings_low_usage is not the sum of all low_usages. It sums
up the usages of *only those cgroups that are within their memory.low*
That means that low_usage can be *bigger* than siblings_low_usage, and
consequently the total protection afforded to the children can be
bigger than what the ancestor grants the subtree.
Consider three groups where two are in excess of their protection:
A/memory.low = 10G
A/A1/memory.low = 10G, memory.current = 20G
A/A2/memory.low = 10G, memory.current = 20G
A/A3/memory.low = 10G, memory.current = 8G
siblings_low_usage = 8G (only A3 contributes)
A1/elow = parent_elow(10G) * low_usage(10G) / siblings_low_usage(8G) = 12.5G -> 10G
A2/elow = parent_elow(10G) * low_usage(10G) / siblings_low_usage(8G) = 12.5G -> 10G
A3/elow = parent_elow(10G) * low_usage(8G) / siblings_low_usage(8G) = 10.0G
(the 12.5G are capped to the explicit memory.low setting of 10G)
With that, the sum of all awarded protection below A is 30G, when A
only grants 10G for the entire subtree.
What does this mean in practice? A1 and A2 would still be in excess of
their 10G allowance and would be reclaimed, whereas A3 would not. As
they eventually drop below their protection setting, they would be
counted in siblings_low_usage again and the error would right itself.
When reclaim was applied in a binary fashion (cgroup is reclaimed when
it's above its protection, otherwise it's skipped) this would actually
work out just fine. However, since 1bc63fb127 ("mm, memcg: make scan
aggression always exclude protection"), reclaim pressure is scaled to
how much a cgroup is above its protection. As a result this
calculation error unduly skews pressure away from A1 and A2 toward the
rest of the system.
But why did we do it like this in the first place?
The reasoning behind exempting groups in excess from
siblings_low_usage was to go after them first during reclaim in an
overcommitted subtree:
A/memory.low = 2G, memory.current = 4G
A/A1/memory.low = 3G, memory.current = 2G
A/A2/memory.low = 1G, memory.current = 2G
siblings_low_usage = 2G (only A1 contributes)
A1/elow = parent_elow(2G) * low_usage(2G) / siblings_low_usage(2G) = 2G
A2/elow = parent_elow(2G) * low_usage(1G) / siblings_low_usage(2G) = 1G
While the children combined are overcomitting A and are technically
both at fault, A2 is actively declaring unprotected memory and we
would like to reclaim that first.
However, while this sounds like a noble goal on the face of it, it
doesn't make much difference in actual memory distribution: Because A
is overcommitted, reclaim will not stop once A2 gets pushed back to
within its allowance; we'll have to reclaim A1 either way. The end
result is still that protection is distributed proportionally, with A1
getting 3/4 (1.5G) and A2 getting 1/4 (0.5G) of A's allowance.
[ If A weren't overcommitted, it wouldn't make a difference since each
cgroup would just get the protection it declares:
A/memory.low = 2G, memory.current = 3G
A/A1/memory.low = 1G, memory.current = 1G
A/A2/memory.low = 1G, memory.current = 2G
With the current calculation:
siblings_low_usage = 1G (only A1 contributes)
A1/elow = parent_elow(2G) * low_usage(1G) / siblings_low_usage(1G) = 2G -> 1G
A2/elow = parent_elow(2G) * low_usage(1G) / siblings_low_usage(1G) = 2G -> 1G
Including excess groups in siblings_low_usage:
siblings_low_usage = 2G
A1/elow = parent_elow(2G) * low_usage(1G) / siblings_low_usage(2G) = 1G -> 1G
A2/elow = parent_elow(2G) * low_usage(1G) / siblings_low_usage(2G) = 1G -> 1G ]
Simplify the calculation and fix the proportional reclaim bug by
including excess cgroups in siblings_low_usage.
After this patch, the effective memory.low distribution from the
example above would be as follows:
A/memory.low = 10G
A/A1/memory.low = 10G, memory.current = 20G
A/A2/memory.low = 10G, memory.current = 20G
A/A3/memory.low = 10G, memory.current = 8G
siblings_low_usage = 28G
A1/elow = parent_elow(10G) * low_usage(10G) / siblings_low_usage(28G) = 3.5G
A2/elow = parent_elow(10G) * low_usage(10G) / siblings_low_usage(28G) = 3.5G
A3/elow = parent_elow(10G) * low_usage(8G) / siblings_low_usage(28G) = 2.8G
Fixes: 1bc63fb127 ("mm, memcg: make scan aggression always exclude protection")
Fixes: 230671533d ("mm: memory.low hierarchical behavior")
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Acked-by: Chris Down <chris@chrisdown.name>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Michal Koutný <mkoutny@suse.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200227195606.46212-2-hannes@cmpxchg.org
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Drop the _memcg suffix from (__)memcg_kmem_(un)charge functions. It's
shorter and more obvious.
These are the most basic functions which are just (un)charging the given
cgroup with the given amount of pages.
Also fix up the corresponding comments.
Signed-off-by: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200109202659.752357-7-guro@fb.com
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Roman Gushchin
Ralph Campbell
Miaohe Lin
Muchun Song
Waiman Long
Gustavo A. R. Silva
Matthew Wilcox (Oracle)
Linus Torvalds
Christoph Hellwig
Michal Hocko
Johannes Weiner
Randy Dunlap
Joonsoo Kim
Yafang Shao
Chris Down
Shakeel Butt
Hugh Dickins
Bhupesh Sharma
Kees Cook
Michel Lespinasse
Ethon Paul
Zefan Li
Jakub Kicinski
Kaixu Xia
NeilBrown
Joe Perches
Vincenzo Frascino