Use DMI to:
1. enable polling (BIOS thermal events are broken)
2. disable active trip points (BIOS fan control is broken)
3. disable passive trip point (BIOS hard-codes it too low)
The actual temperature reading does work,
and with the aid of polling, the critical
trip point should work too.
http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=8842
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
thermal.act=-1 disables all active trip points
in all ACPI thermal zones.
thermal.act=C, where C > 0, overrides all lowest temperature
active trip points in all thermal zones to C degrees Celsius.
Raising this trip-point may allow you to keep your system silent
up to a higher temperature. However, it will not allow you to
raise the lowest temperature trip point above the next higher
trip point (if there is one). Lowering this trip point may
kick in the fan sooner.
Note that overriding this trip-point will disable any BIOS attempts
to implement hysteresis around the lowest temperature trip point.
This may result in the fan starting and stopping frequently
if temperature frequently crosses C.
WARNING: raising trip points above the manufacturer's defaults
may cause the system to run at higher temperature and shorten
its life.
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
thermal.nocrt=1 disables actions on _CRT and _HOT
ACPI thermal zone trip-points. They will be marked
as <disabled> in /proc/acpi/thermal_zone/*/trip_points.
There are two cases where this option is used:
1. Debugging a hot system crossing valid trip point.
If your system fan is spinning at full speed,
be sure that the vent is not clogged with dust.
Many laptops have very fine thermal fins that are easily blocked.
Check that the processor fan-sink is properly seated,
has the proper thermal grease, and is really spinning.
Check for fan related options in BIOS SETUP.
Sometimes there is a performance vs quiet option.
Defaults are generally the most conservative.
If your fan is not spinning, yet /proc/acpi/fan/
has files in it, please file a Linux/ACPI bug.
WARNING: you risk shortening the lifetime of your
hardware if you use this parameter on a hot system.
Note that this refers to all system components,
including the disk drive.
2. Working around a cool system crossing critical
trip point due to erroneous temperature reading.
Try again with CONFIG_HWMON=n
There is known potential for conflict between the
the hwmon sub-system and the ACPI BIOS.
If this fixes it, notify lm-sensors@lm-sensors.org
and linux-acpi@vger.kernel.org
Otherwise, file a Linux/ACPI bug, or notify
just linux-acpi@vger.kernel.org.
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
"thermal.psv=-1" disables passive trip points
for all ACPI thermal zones.
"thermal.psv=C", where 'C' is degrees Celsius,
overrides all existing passive trip points
for all ACPI thermal zones.
thermal.psv is checked at module load time,
and in response to trip-point change events.
Note that if the system does not deliver thermal zone
temperature change events near the new trip-point,
then it will not be noticed. To force your custom
trip point to be noticed, you may need to enable polling:
eg. thermal.tzp=3000 invokes polling every 5 minutes.
Note that once passive thermal throttling is invoked,
it has its own internal Thermal Sampling Period (_TSP),
that is unrelated to _TZP.
WARNING: disabling or raising a thermal trip point
may result in increased running temperature and
shorter hardware lifetime on some systems.
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
Thermal Zone Polling frequency (_TZP) is an optional ACPI object
recommending the rate that the OS should poll the associated thermal zone.
If _TZP is 0, no polling should be used.
If _TZP is non-zero, then the platform recommends that
the OS poll the thermal zone at the specified rate.
The minimum period is 30 seconds.
The maximum period is 5 minutes.
(note _TZP and thermal.tzp units are in deci-seconds,
so _TZP = 300 corresponds to 30 seconds)
If _TZP is not present, ACPI 3.0b recommends that the
thermal zone be polled at an "OS provided default frequency".
However, common industry practice is:
1. The BIOS never specifies any _TZP
2. High volume OS's from this century never poll any thermal zones
Ie. The OS depends on the platform's ability to
provoke thermal events when necessary, and
the "OS provided default frequency" is "never":-)
There is a proposal that ACPI 4.0 be updated to reflect
common industry practice -- ie. no _TZP, no polling.
The Linux kernel already follows this practice --
thermal zones are not polled unless _TZP is present and non-zero.
But thermal zone polling is useful as a workaround for systems
which have ACPI thermal control, but have an issue preventing
thermal events. Indeed, some Linux distributions still
set a non-zero thermal polling frequency for this reason.
But rather than ask the user to write a polling frequency
into all the /proc/acpi/thermal_zone/*/polling_frequency
files, here we simply document and expose the already
existing module parameter to do the same at system level,
to simplify debugging those broken platforms.
Note that thermal.tzp is a module-load time parameter only.
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
"thermal.off=1" disables all ACPI thermal support at boot time.
CONFIG_ACPI_THERMAL=n can do this at build time.
"# rmmod thermal" can do this at run time,
as long as thermal is built as a module.
WARNING: On some systems, disabling ACPI thermal support
will cause the system to run hotter and reduce the
lifetime of the hardware.
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
The documentation used "thinkpad-acpi" to refer to the directories in
sysfs, while it should have been using "thinkpad_acpi". Thanks to Hugh
Dickins for the error report.
I wish I could just call the module and everything else by the proper
name with the "-", instead of using these ugly translations to "_".
Signed-off-by: Henrique de Moraes Holschuh <hmh@hmh.eng.br>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexey Starikovskiy <astarikovskiy@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
Send key=value pair along with the uevent instead of a plain value so that
userspace (udev) can handle it like common environment variables.
Signed-off-by: Holger Macht <hmacht@suse.de>
Acked-by: Kristen Carlson Accardi <kristen.c.accardi@intel.com>
Cc: Stephan Berberig <s.berberig@arcor.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Acked-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
There must not be a new-line character in the uevent. Otherwise, udev gets
confused. Thanks to Kay Sievers for pointing it out.
Signed-off-by: Stephan Berberig <s.berberig@arcor.de>
Cc: Kristen Carlson Accardi <kristen.c.accardi@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Acked-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
* 'for-linus' of git://git390.osdl.marist.edu/pub/scm/linux-2.6:
[S390] monwriter: Serialization bug for multithreaded applications.
[S390] vmur: diag14 only works with buffers below 2GB
[S390] vmur: add "top of queue" sanity check for reader open
[S390] vmur: reject open on z/VM reader files with status HOLD
[S390] vmur: use DECLARE_COMPLETION_ONSTACK to keep lockdep happy
[S390] vmur: allocate single record buffers instead of one big data buffer
[S390] remove DEFAULT_MIGRATION_COST
[S390] qdio: make sure data structures are correctly aligned.
[S390] hypfs: implement show_options
[S390] cio: avoid memory leak on error in css_alloc_subchannel().
* 'merge' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/paulus/powerpc:
[POWERPC] Fix size check for hugetlbfs
[POWERPC] Fix initialization and usage of dma_mask
[POWERPC] Fix more section mismatches in head_64.S
[POWERPC] Revert "[POWERPC] Add 'mdio' to bus scan id list for platforms with QE UEC"
[POWERPC] PS3: Update ps3_defconfig
[POWERPC] PS3: Remove text saying PS3 support is incomplete
[POWERPC] PS3: Fix storage probe logic
[POWERPC] cell: Move SPU affinity init to spu_management_of_ops
[POWERPC] Fix potential duplicate entry in SLB shadow buffer
* 'upstream-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mfasheh/ocfs2:
ocfs2: set non-default s_time_gran during mount
ocfs2: Retry sendpage() if it returns EAGAIN
ocfs2: Fix rename/extend race
[2.6 patch] ocfs2_insert_extent(): remove dead code
ocfs2: Fix max offset calculations
ocfs2: check ia_size limits in setattr
ocfs2: Fix some casting errors related to file writes
ocfs2: use s_maxbytes directly in ocfs2_change_file_space()
ocfs2: Restrict inode changes in ocfs2_update_inode_atime()
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-2.6-block:
BLOCK: Hide the contents of linux/bio.h if CONFIG_BLOCK=n
sysace: HDIO_GETGEO has it's own method for ages
drivers/block/cpqarray.c: better error handling and kmalloc + memset conversion to k[cz]alloc
drivers/block/cciss.c: kmalloc + memset conversion to kzalloc
Clean up duplicate includes in drivers/block/
Fix remap handling by blktrace
[PATCH] remove mm/filemap.c:file_send_actor()
The new percpu code has apparently broken the doublefault handler
when CONFIG_DEBUG_SPINLOCK is set. Doublefault is handled by
a hardware task, making the check
SPIN_BUG_ON(lock->owner == current, lock, "recursion");
fault because it uses the FS register to access the percpu data
for current, and that register is zero in the new TSS. (The trace
I saw was on 2.6.20 where it was GS, but it looks like this will
still happen with FS on 2.6.22.)
Initializing FS in the doublefault_tss should fix it.
AK: Also fix broken ptr_ok() and turn printks into KERN_EMERG
AK: And add a PANIC prefix to make clear the system will hang
AK: (e.g. x86-64 will recover)
Signed-off-by: Chuck Ebbert <cebbert@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Create arch/x86_64/vdso/.gitignore and put vdso.lds into it.
Signed-off-by: Pete Zaitcev <zaitcev@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Some people writing boot loaders seem to falsely belief the 32bit zero page is a
stable interface for out of tree code like the real mode boot protocol. Add a comment
clarifying that is not true.
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The Averatec 2370 and some other Turion laptop BIOS seems to program the
ENABLE_C1E MSR inconsistently between cores. This confuses the lapic
use heuristics because when C1E is enabled anywhere it seems to affect
the complete chip.
Use a global flag instead of a per cpu flag to handle this.
If any CPU has C1E enabled disabled lapic use.
Thanks to Cal Peake for debugging.
Cc: tglx@linutronix.de
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
VT is very picky about when it can enter execution.
Get all segments setup and get LDT and TR into valid state to allow
VT execution under VMware and KVM (untested).
This makes the boot decompression run under VT, which makes it several
orders of magnitude faster on 64-bit Intel hardware.
Before, I was seeing times up to a minute or more to decompress a 1.3MB kernel
on a very fast box.
Signed-off-by: Zachary Amsden <zach@vmware.com>
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Commit 19d36ccdc3 "x86: Fix alternatives
and kprobes to remap write-protected kernel text" uses code which is
being patched for patching.
In particular, paravirt_ops does patching in two stages: first it
calls paravirt_ops.patch, then it fills any remaining instructions
with nop_out(). nop_out calls text_poke() which calls
lookup_address() which calls pgd_val() (aka paravirt_ops.pgd_val):
that call site is one of the places we patch.
If we always do patching as one single call to text_poke(), we only
need make sure we're not patching the memcpy in text_poke itself.
This means the prototype to paravirt_ops.patch needs to change, to
marshal the new code into a buffer rather than patching in place as it
does now. It also means all patching goes through text_poke(), which
is known to be safe (apply_alternatives is also changed to make a
single patch).
AK: fix compilation on x86-64 (bad rusty!)
AK: fix boot on x86-64 (sigh)
AK: merged with other patches
Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
It turns out CLFLUSH support is still not complete; we
flush the wrong pages. Again disable it for the release.
Noticed by Jan Beulich who then also noticed a stupid typo later.
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
gcc currently doesn't support attributes on types, so we can't use it
function pointers. This avoids some warnings on a gcc 4.3 build.
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Current code assumed that devices were directly connected to a Calgary
bridge, as it tried to get the iommu table directly from the parent bus
controller.
When we have another bridge between the Calgary/CalIOC2 bridge and the
device we should look upwards until we get to the top (Calgary/CalIOC2
bridge), where the iommu table resides.
Signed-off-by: Murillo Fernandes Bernardes <mfb@br.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Muli Ben-Yehuda <muli@il.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Some broken devices have been discovered to require %al/%ax/%eax registers
for MMIO config space accesses. Modify mmconfig.c to use these registers
explicitly (rather than modify the global readb/writeb/etc inlines).
AK: also changed i386 to always use eax
AK: moved change to extended space probing to different patch
AK: reworked with inlines according to Linus' requirements.
AK: improve comments.
Signed-off-by: dean gaudet <dean@arctic.org>
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
There are some parts of include/asm-generic/pgtable.h that are relevant to
the non-mmu architectures. To make it easier to include this from them I
would like to ifdef the relevant parts.
Without this there is a handful of functions that are referenced in here
that are not defined on many non-mmu architectures. They could be defined
out of course, as an alternative approach.
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This patch finishes the i386 and x86-64 ->sysdata conversion and hopefully
also fixes Riku's and Andy's observed bugs. It is based on Yinghai Lu's
and Andy Whitcroft's patches (thanks!) with some changes:
- introduce pci_scan_bus_with_sysdata() and use it instead of
pci_scan_bus() where appropriate. pci_scan_bus_with_sysdata() will
allocate the sysdata structure and then call pci_scan_bus().
- always allocate pci_sysdata dynamically. The whole point of this
sysdata work is to make it easy to do root-bus specific things
(e.g., support PCI domains and IOMMU's). I dislike using a default
struct pci_sysdata in some places and a dynamically allocated
pci_sysdata elsewhere - the potential for someone indavertantly
changing the default structure is too high.
- this patch only makes the minimal changes necessary, i.e., the NUMA node is
always initialized to -1. Patches to do the right thing with regards
to the NUMA node can build on top of this (either add a 'node'
parameter to pci_scan_bus_with_sysdata() or just update the node
when it becomes known).
The patch was compile tested with various configurations (e.g., NUMAQ,
VISWS) and run-time tested on i386 and x86-64. Unfortunately none of my
machines exhibited the bugs so caveat emptor.
Andy, could you please see if this fixes the NUMA issues you've seen?
Riku, does this fix "pci=noacpi" on your laptop?
Signed-off-by: Muli Ben-Yehuda <muli@il.ibm.com>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <yhlu.kernel@gmail.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
Cc: Chuck Ebbert <cebbert@redhat.com>
Cc: <riku.seppala@kymp.net>
Cc: Andy Whitcroft <apw@shadowen.org>
Cc: Jeff Garzik <jeff@garzik.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Minor docbook error since argument name in comment doesn't match function
Signed-off-by: Stephen Hemminger <shemminger@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This code corrects the usage of the request_irq() routine.
Signed-off-by: Jay Estabrook <jay.estabrook@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: Ivan Kokshaysky <ink@jurassic.park.msu.ru>
Cc: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Files using bits from paravirt.h should explicitly include it rather than
relying on it being pulled in by something else.
Signed-off-by: Jes Sorensen <jes@sgi.com>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
gcc-4.2 is a lot more picky about its symbol handling. EXPORT_SYMBOL no
longer works on symbols that are undefined or defined with static scope.
For example, with CONFIG_PROFILE off, I see:
kernel/profile.c:206: error: __ksymtab_profile_event_unregister causes a section type conflict
kernel/profile.c:205: error: __ksymtab_profile_event_register causes a section type conflict
This patch moves the EXPORTs inside the #ifdef CONFIG_PROFILE, so we
only try to export symbols that are defined.
Also, in kernel/kprobes.c there's an EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL() for
jprobes_return, which if CONFIG_JPROBES is undefined is a static
inline and gives the same error.
And in drivers/acpi/resources/rsxface.c, there's an
ACPI_EXPORT_SYMBOPL() for a static symbol. If it's static, it's not
accessible from outside the compilation unit, so should bot be exported.
These three changes allow building a zx1_defconfig kernel with gcc 4.2
on IA64.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: export jpobe_return properly]
Signed-off-by: Peter Chubb <peterc@gelato.unsw.edu.au>
Cc: Prasanna S Panchamukhi <prasanna@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Ananth N Mavinakayanahalli <ananth@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Anil S Keshavamurthy <anil.s.keshavamurthy@intel.com>
Cc: "Luck, Tony" <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Len Brown <lenb@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
I find a function(clockevents_unregister_notifier) which is not called by
anything in tree.
Signed-off-by: Miao Xie <miaox@cn.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Git rid of "warning: passing arg 2 of `access_ok' makes pointer from integer
without a cast" reported on SH ... most architectures use macros in that
test, SH uses inlined functions.
Signed-off-by: David Brownell <dbrownell@users.sourceforge.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
synchronize_idle() sounds like an interesting function, but we don't
actually have it, so don't prototype it. Introduced in commit
9b06e81898, in 2005.
Signed-off-by: Josh Triplett <josh@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
sh:
drivers/mtd/mtdchar.c: In function `mtd_mmap':
drivers/mtd/mtdchar.c:817: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type
drivers/mtd/mtdchar.c:817: error: `VM_SHARED' undeclared (first use in this function)
drivers/mtd/mtdchar.c:817: error: (Each undeclared identifier is reported only once
Cc: David Woodhouse <dwmw2@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Patch c5c34d4862 (tty: flush flip buffer on
ldisc input queue flush) introduces a race condition which can lead to memory
leaks.
The problem can be triggered when tcflush() is called when data are being
pushed to the line discipline driver by flush_to_ldisc().
flush_to_ldisc() releases tty->buf.lock when calling the line discipline
receive_buf function. At that poing tty_buffer_flush() kicks in and sets both
tty->buf.head and tty->buf.tail to NULL. When flush_to_ldisc() finishes, it
restores tty->buf.head but doesn't touch tty->buf.tail. This corrups the
buffer queue, and the next call to tty_buffer_request_room() will allocate a
new buffer and overwrite tty->buf.head. The previous buffer is then lost
forever without being released.
(Thanks to Laurent for the above text, for finding, disgnosing and reporting
the bug)
- Use tty->flags bits for the flush status.
- Wait for the flag to clear again before returning
- Fix the doc error noted
- Fix flush of empty queue leaving stale flushpending
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: cleanup]
Signed-off-by: Alan Cox <alan@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Paul Fulghum <paulkf@microgate.com>
Cc: Laurent Pinchart <laurentp@cse-semaphore.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
A warning note from Sam Ravnborg about kconfig's select evilness,
dependencies and the future (slightly corrected).
Signed-off-by: Jarek Poplawski <jarkao2@o2.pl>
Cc: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Cc: Roman Zippel <zippel@linux-m68k.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
In Documentation/sysrq.txt, the description of 'h' says that any key not
listed *above* will generate help. That's obviously not true since all the
keys listed below 'h' will do what they are described to do, not display help.
So change the text so that it says that any key not listed in the table will
generate help, which is what really happens.
Signed-off-by: Jesper Juhl <jesper.juhl@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This version brings a number of new checks, and a number of bug
fixes. Of note:
- checks for spacing on round and square bracket combinations
- loosening of the single statement brace checks, to allow
them when they contain comments or where other blocks in a
compound statement have them.
- parks the multple declaration support
- allows architecture defines in architecture specific headers
Andy Whitcroft (21):
Version: 0.09
loosen single statement brace checks
fix up multiple declaration to avoid function arguments
add some function space parenthesis check exceptions
handle EXPORT_'s with parentheses in their names
clean up some warnings in multi-line macro bracketing support
park the multiple declaration checks
make block brace checks count comments as a statement
__volatile__ and __extension__ are not functions
allow architecture specific defined within architecture includes
check spacing on square brackets
check spacing on parentheses
ensure we apply checks to the part before start comment
check #ifdef conditional spacing
handle __init_refok and __must_check
add noinline to inline checks
prevent email addresses from tripping spacing checks
handle typed initialiser spacing
handle line contination as end of line
add bool to the type matcher
refine EXPORT_SYMBOL checks to handle pointers
Signed-off-by: Andy Whitcroft <apw@shadowen.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>