The Motorola MOTOMAGX phones (Z6, E8, Zn5 so far) are providing
combined ACM/BLAN USB configuration. Since it has Vendor Specific
class, the corresponding drivers (cdc-acm, zaurus) can't find it just
by interface info. This patch adds usb id so the zaurus driver can
properly handle this combined device.
Signed-off-by: Dmitriy Taychenachev <dimichxp@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Make usbnet_get_link() fall back to ethtool_op_get_link() instead of
defaulting to 1.
This makes usbnet_get_link return valid results without the need for a
driver specific check_connect or mii ops as long as the driver calls
netif_carrier_{on,off}() as appropriate. cdc_ether is an example of
such a driver.
Signed-off-by: Bjørn Mork <bjorn@mork.no>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
The current implementation of carrier detect in veth is broken.
It reports the link is down until both sides of the veth pair
are administatively up and then forever after it reports link up.
So fix veth so that it only reports link up when both interfaces
of the pair are administratively up.
Signed-off-by: Eric Biederman <ebiederm@aristanetworks.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
The Ericsson F3507g wireless broadband module provides a CDC Ethernet
compliant interface, but identifies it as a "Mobile Direct Line" CDC
subclass, thereby preventing the CDC Ethernet class driver from picking
it up. This patch adds the device id to cdc_ether.c as a workaround.
Ericsson has provided a "class" driver for this device:
http://kerneltrap.org/mailarchive/linux-net/2008/10/28/3832094
But closer inspection of that driver reveals that it adds little more
than duplication of code from cdc_ether.c. See also
http://marc.info/?l=linux-usb&m=123334979706403&w=2
Signed-off-by: Bjørn Mork <bjorn@mork.no>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
This is 2nd attempt to implement the initialization/reading of MAC address
from EEPROM. The first used PCI's VPD and there were some problems, some
devices are not able to read EEPROM content by VPD. The 2nd one uses direct
access to EEPROM through bit-banging interface and my testing results seem
to be much better.
I tested 5 systems each with different Realtek NICs and I didn't find any
problem. AFAIK Francois's NICs also works fine.
Original description:
This fixes the problem when MAC address is set by ifconfig or by
ip link commands and this address is stored in the device after
reboot. The power-off is needed to get right MAC address.
This is problem when Xen daemon is running because it renames the device
name from ethX to pethX and sets its MAC address to FE:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF.
After reboot the device is still using FE:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF.
Signed-off-by: Ivan Vecera <ivecera@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Rick McNeal from LSI identified a panic in selinux_netlbl_inode_permission()
caused by a certain sequence of SUNRPC operations. The problem appears to be
due to the lack of NULL pointer checking in the function; this patch adds the
pointer checks so the function will exit safely in the cases where the socket
is not completely initialized.
Signed-off-by: Paul Moore <paul.moore@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
There's conflicting assumptions in shifting, the caller assumes
that dupsack results in S'ed skbs (or a part of it) for sure but
never gave a hint to tcp_sacktag_one when dsack is actually in
use. Thus DSACK retrans_out -= pcount was not taken and the
counter became out of sync. Remove obstacle from that information
flow to get DSACKs accounted in tcp_sacktag_one as expected.
Signed-off-by: Ilpo Järvinen <ilpo.jarvinen@helsinki.fi>
Tested-by: Denys Fedoryshchenko <denys@visp.net.lb>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
The DCB netlink interface is required for building the userspace tools
available at e1000.sourceforge.net
Signed-off-by: Chris Leech <christopher.leech@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
1) add an include for <linux/types.h>
2) change dcbmsg.dcb_family from unsigned char to __u8 to be more
consistent with use of kernel types
Signed-off-by: Chris Leech <christopher.leech@intel.com>
Acked-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
The netpoll entry checks are required to ensure that we don't
receive normal packets when invoked via netpoll. Unfortunately
it only ever worked for the netif_receive_skb/netif_rx entry
points. The VLAN (and subsequently GRO) entry point didn't
have the check and therefore can trigger all sorts of weird
problems.
This patch adds the netpoll check to all entry points.
I'm still uneasy with receiving at all under netpoll (which
apparently is only used by the out-of-tree kdump code). The
reason is it is perfectly legal to receive all data including
headers into highmem if netpoll is off, but if you try to do
that with netpoll on and someone gets a printk in an IRQ handler
you're going to get a nice BUG_ON.
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Some Logitech mice react to the magic knock like Elantech touchpad would.
This leads to those mice being misdetected as Elantech touchpads. Add a
version query to elantech_detect() to distinguish the two.
[dtor@mail.ru:
- lower severity of some messages - when we are not sure yet if
device is Elantech or not not responding to knock is not an error.
]
Signed-off-by: Arjan Opmeer <arjan@opmeer.net>
Signed-off-by: Dmitry Torokhov <dtor@mail.ru>
When resuming from suspend newer Synaptics touchpads do not recover
correctly. Analysis of the resume sequence as applied in Linux was
compared to that of other operating systems. This indicated that the
other OSs were resetting the mouse before attempting to detect it (for
all Synaptics touchpads, old and new). Applying this same modification
fixes these newer Synaptics touchpads and brings the driver into line
with common OS reset behaviour.
Signed-off-by: Andy Whitcroft <apw@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Dmitry Torokhov <dtor@mail.ru>
Commit ec42d4481e broke usbtouchscreen for
some eGalax/EETI devices that claim to be HID, but are not.
Devices confirmed to be real HID have the class set to HID and the protocol
set to 'mouse'. Some have HID class but protocol set to 'none'. Those are
not HID and should be driven by usbtouchscreen.
Fix the device ignoring macro by adding match for the protocol too.
Signed-off-by: Daniel Ritz <daniel.ritz@gmx.ch>
Signed-off-by: Dmitry Torokhov <dtor@mail.ru>
* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/usb-2.6: (21 commits)
USB: musb: fix srp sysfs entry deletion
USB: musb: resume suspended root hub on disconnect
USB: musb: use right poll limit for low speed devices
USB: musb: be careful with 64K+ transfer lengths, host side
USB: musb: fix data toggle saving with shared FIFO
USB: musb: host endpoint_disable() oops fixes
USB: musb: fix urb_dequeue() method
USB: musb: fix musb_host_tx() for shared endpoint FIFO
USB: musb: be careful with 64K+ transfer lengths (gadget side)
usb: musb: make Davinci *work* in mainline
USB: usb_get_string should check the descriptor type
USB: gadget: fix build error in omap_apollon_2420_defconfig
USB: g_file_storage: automatically disable stalls under Atmel
USB: usb-storage: add IGNORE_RESIDUE flag for Genesys Logic adapters
USB: Quirk for Hummingbird huc56s / Conexant ACM modem
USB: serial: add support for second revision of Ericsson F3507G WWAN card
USB: cdc-acm: add usb id for motomagx phones
USB: option: add BenQ 3g modem information
usb: gadget: obex: select correct ep descriptors
USB: EHCI: slow down ITD reuse
...
* 'upstream' of git://ftp.linux-mips.org/pub/scm/upstream-linus:
Revert "MIPS: Print irq handler description"
MIPS: CVE-2009-0029: Enable syscall wrappers.
MIPS: Alchemy: In plat_time_init() t reaches -1, tested: 0
MIPS: Only allow Cavium OCTEON to be configured for boards that support it
* 'x86-fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip:
x86: enable DMAR by default
xen: disable interrupts early, as start_kernel expects
gpu/drm, x86, PAT: io_mapping_create_wc and resource_size_t
gpu/drm, x86, PAT: Handle io_mapping_create_wc() errors in a clean way
x86, Voyager: fix compile by lifting the degeneracy of phys_cpu_present_map
x86, doc: fix references to Documentation/x86/i386/boot.txt
* 'sh/for-2.6.29' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/lethal/sh-2.6:
sh: ap325rxa: Revert ov772x support.
serial: sh-sci: fix overrun error handling for SH7785 SCIF.
sh: Storage class should be before const qualifier
Commit 8e961870bb removed the FREEZE/THAW
handling in xfs_compat_ioctl but never added any compat handler back, so
now any freeze/thaw request from a 32-bit binary ond 64-bit userspace
will fail.
As these ioctls are 32/64-bit compatible two simple COMPATIBLE_IOCTL
entries in fs/compat_ioctl.c will do the job.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Future iLO devices will have an HP vendor id.
Signed-off-by: David Altobelli <david.altobelli@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Add __ref as a sparse modifier.
Signed-off-by: Andy Whitcroft <apw@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
We should allow testing of all modifiers not just attributes. Extend
testing and test for all the know modifiers.
Signed-off-by: Andy Whitcroft <apw@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
We must make sure we do not misrecognise a modifier as an Identifier
when trying to match types. Prevent us matching this:
void * __ref
Signed-off-by: Andy Whitcroft <apw@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
We may have any modifier following a pointer type star. Handle this:
void * __user * __user foo;
Signed-off-by: Andy Whitcroft <apw@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
We need to handle interspersed modifiers in the middle of pointer types,
for example:
void * __user * __user bar;
Signed-off-by: Andy Whitcroft <apw@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
We are triggering the -p0 check for our own diffs generated using --file
command line option. Suppress this check for files.
Signed-off-by: Andy Whitcroft <apw@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
We say that in_atomic() is ok in the core kernel, but then always report
it regardless of where in the kernel it is. Keep quiet if it is used in
kernel/*.
Signed-off-by: Andy Whitcroft <apw@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
I just got this new warning from kmemcheck:
WARNING: kmemcheck: Caught 32-bit read from freed memory (c7806a60)
a06a80c7ecde70c1a04080c700000000a06709c1000000000000000000000000
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
^
Pid: 0, comm: swapper Not tainted (2.6.29-rc4 #230)
EIP: 0060:[<c1096df7>] EFLAGS: 00000286 CPU: 0
EIP is at __purge_vmap_area_lazy+0x117/0x140
EAX: 00070f43 EBX: c7806a40 ECX: c1677080 EDX: 00027b66
ESI: 00002001 EDI: c170df0c EBP: c170df00 ESP: c178830c
DS: 007b ES: 007b FS: 00d8 GS: 0000 SS: 0068
CR0: 80050033 CR2: c7806b14 CR3: 01775000 CR4: 00000690
DR0: 00000000 DR1: 00000000 DR2: 00000000 DR3: 00000000
DR6: 00004000 DR7: 00000000
[<c1096f3e>] free_unmap_vmap_area_noflush+0x6e/0x70
[<c1096f6a>] remove_vm_area+0x2a/0x70
[<c1097025>] __vunmap+0x45/0xe0
[<c10970de>] vunmap+0x1e/0x30
[<c1008ba5>] text_poke+0x95/0x150
[<c1008ca9>] alternatives_smp_unlock+0x49/0x60
[<c171ef47>] alternative_instructions+0x11b/0x124
[<c171f991>] check_bugs+0xbd/0xdc
[<c17148c5>] start_kernel+0x2ed/0x360
[<c171409e>] __init_begin+0x9e/0xa9
[<ffffffff>] 0xffffffff
It happened here:
$ addr2line -e vmlinux -i c1096df7
mm/vmalloc.c:540
Code:
list_for_each_entry(va, &valist, purge_list)
__free_vmap_area(va);
It's this instruction:
mov 0x20(%ebx),%edx
Which corresponds to a dereference of va->purge_list.next:
(gdb) p ((struct vmap_area *) 0)->purge_list.next
Cannot access memory at address 0x20
It seems that we should use "safe" list traversal here, as the element
is freed inside the loop. Please verify that this is the right fix.
Acked-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Vegard Nossum <vegard.nossum@gmail.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org> [2.6.28.x]
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The new vmap allocator can wrap the address and get confused in the case
of large allocations or VMALLOC_END near the end of address space.
Problem reported by Christoph Hellwig on a 32-bit XFS workload.
Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Reported-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org> [2.6.28.x]
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
free_uid() and free_user_ns() are corecursive when CONFIG_USER_SCHED=n,
but free_user_ns() is called from free_uid() by way of uid_hash_remove(),
which requires uidhash_lock to be held. free_user_ns() then calls
free_uid() to complete the destruction.
Fix this by deferring the destruction of the user_namespace.
Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Serge Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Commit 4ea3ada295 declares d_obtain_alias()
as EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL where it's supposed to replace d_alloc_anon which was
previously declared as EXPORT_SYMBOL and thus available to any loadable
module.
This patch reverts that.
Signed-off-by: Benny Halevy <bhalevy@panasas.com>
Acked-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Cc: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@fieldses.org>
Cc: Trond Myklebust <trond.myklebust@fys.uio.no>
Acked-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The w1_ds2433 driver does not read from the hardware if the CRC was valid
on the last read. The validcrc flag should be cleared after a write so
that the new value can be read.
Signed-off-by: Ben Gardner <gardner.ben@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Evgeniy Polyakov <johnpol@2ka.mipt.ru>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The SRP sysfs attribute is dependent on gadget mode; any
gadget may support SRP. But "rmmod musb_hdrc" didn't
remove that attribute; fix.
Signed-off-by: Vikram Pandita <vikram.pandita@ti.com>
Acked-by: Felipe Balbi <me@felipebalbi.com>
Signed-off-by: David Brownell <dbrownell@users.sourceforge.net>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
If this is not done, khubd will not be informed of the disconnect
and will assume the device is still there.
Easily seen when a hub is connected with no device attached to it;
it will autosuspend. When the hub is disconnected, it still shows
up in /proc/bus/usb/devices
Signed-off-by: Anand Gadiyar <gadiyar@ti.com>
Acked-by: Felipe Balbi <felipe.balbi@nokia.com>
Signed-off-by: David Brownell <dbrownell@users.sourceforge.net>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Remove wrongly applied upper limit on the interrupt transfer
interval for low speed devices (not much of an error per se,
according to USB specs).
Signed-off-by: Sergei Shtylyov <sshtylyov@ru.mvista.com>
Signed-off-by: David Brownell <dbrownell@users.sourceforge.net>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Feeding 32-bit length cast down to 'u16' to min() to calculate the FIFO
count in musb_host_tx() risks sending a short packet prematurely for
transfer sizes over 64 KB.
Similarly, although data transfer size shouldn't exceed 65535 bytes for
the control endpoint, making musb_h_ep0_continue() more robust WRT URBs
with possibly oversized buffer will not hurt either...
Signed-off-by: Sergei Shtylyov <sshtylyov@ru.mvista.com>
Signed-off-by: David Brownell <dbrownell@users.sourceforge.net>
Cc: Felipe Balbi <felipe.balbi@nokia.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
For some strange reason the host side musb_giveback() decides
that it's always got an IN transfer when the hardware endpoint
is using a shared FIFO. This causes musb_save_toggle() to read
the toggle state from the RXCSR register instead of TXCSR, and
may also cause unneeded reloading of RX endpoint registers.
Signed-off-by: Sergei Shtylyov <sshtylyov@ru.mvista.com>
Signed-off-by: David Brownell <dbrownell@users.sourceforge.net>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
The musb_h_disable() routine can oops in some cases:
- It's not safe to read hep->hcpriv outside musb->lock,
since it gets changed on completion IRQ paths.
- The list iterators aren't safe to use in that way;
just remove the first element while !list_empty(),
so deletions on other code paths can't make trouble.
We need two "scrub the list" loops because only one branch
should touch hardware and advance the schedule.
[ dbrownell@users.sourceforge.net: massively simplify
patch description; add key points as code comments ]
Signed-off-by: Sergei Shtylyov <sshtylyov@ru.mvista.com>
Signed-off-by: David Brownell <dbrownell@users.sourceforge.net>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
The urb_dequeue() method forgets to unlink 'struct musb_qh' from the
control or bulk schedules when the URB being cancelled is the only
one queued to its endpoint. That will cause musb_advance_schedule()
to block once it reaches 'struct musb_qh' with now empty URB list, so
URBs queued for other endpoints after the one being dequeued will not
be served.
Fix by unlinking the QH from the list except when it's already being
handled (typically by musb_giveback). Since a QH with an empty URB
list is now supposed to be freed, do that. And remove a now-useless
check from musb_advance_schedule().
[ dbrownell@users.sourceforge.net: update patch description,
and fold in a dequeue() comment patch ]
Signed-off-by: Sergei Shtylyov <sshtylyov@ru.mvista.com>
Signed-off-by: David Brownell <dbrownell@users.sourceforge.net>
Cc: Felipe Balbi <felipe.balbi@nokia.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
The input queue should be used for TX on endpoints which
share FIFO hardware. The host TX path wasn't doing that.
Shared FIFOs are most often configured for periodic endpoints,
which are mostly used for RX/IN transfers ... that's probably
how this bug managed to linger for a long time.
[ dbrownell@users.sourceforge.net: update patch description ]
Signed-off-by: Dmitry Krivoschekov <dkrivoschekov@ru.mvista.com>
Signed-off-by: Sergei Shtylyov <sshtylyov@ru.mvista.com>
Acked-by: David Brownell <dbrownell@users.sourceforge.net>
Cc: Felipe Balbi <felipe.balbi@nokia.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
request->actual is an unsigned and we should use the same
variable type for fifo_count otherwise we might lose some
data if request->length >= 64kbytes.
[ dbrownell@users.sourceforge.net: fix compiler warning ]
Signed-off-by: Felipe Balbi <felipe.balbi@nokia.com>
Signed-off-by: David Brownell <dbrownell@users.sourceforge.net>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Now that the musb build fixes for DaVinci got merged (RC3?), kick in
the other bits needed to get it finally *working* in mainline:
- Use clk_enable()/clk_disable() ... the "always enable USB clocks"
code this originally relied on has since been removed.
- Initialize the USB device only after the relevant I2C GPIOs are
available, so the host side can properly enable VBUS.
- Tweak init sequencing to cope with mainline's relatively late init
of the I2C system bus for power switches, transceivers, and so on.
Sanity tested on DM6664 EVM for host and peripheral modes; that system
won't boot with CONFIG_PM enabled, so OTG can't yet be tested. Also
verified on OMAP3.
(Unrelated: correct the MODULE_PARM_DESC spelling of musb_debug.)
Signed-off-by: David Brownell <dbrownell@users.sourceforge.net>
Cc: Felipe Balbi <me@felipebalbi.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
This patch (as1218) fixes a problem with a radio-control joystick used
in the "walkera 4#3" helicopter. This device responds to the initial
Get-String-Descriptor request for string 0 (which is really the list
of supported languages) by sending its config descriptor! The
usb_get_string() routine needs to check whether it got the right
type of descriptor.
Oddly enough, this sort of check is already present in
usb_get_descriptor(). The patch changes the error code from -EPROTO
to -ENODATA, because -EPROTO shows up in so many other contexts to
indicate a hardware failure rather than a firmware error.
Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Tested-by: Guillermo Jarabo <williamjap@gmail.com>
Cc: stable <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
===================================================================
In apollon case, it only used udc, so udc configuration should select
USB_OTG_UTILS also.
Signed-off-by: Kyungmin Park <kyungmin.park@samsung.com>
Acked-by: David Brownell <dbrownell@users.sourceforge.net>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Dmitriy Taychenachev
Bjørn Mork
Eric W. Biederman
Ivan Vecera
Paul Moore
Ilpo Järvinen
Chris Leech
Herbert Xu
David S. Miller
Arjan Opmeer
Andy Whitcroft
Daniel Ritz
Ingo Molnar
Linus Torvalds
Christoph Hellwig
David Altobelli
Vegard Nossum
Nick Piggin
David Howells
Herton Ronaldo Krzesinski
Benny Halevy
Ben Gardner
Vikram Pandita
Anand Gadiyar
Sergei Shtylyov
Dmitry Krivoschekov
Felipe Balbi
David Brownell
Alan Stern
David Brownell