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| Performance and Hardware Configuration |
Performance and Hardware Configuration
To measure performance on different NVIDIA GPUs we use the Caffe reference ImageNet model.
For training, each time point is 20 iterations/minibatches of 256 images for 5,120 images total. For testing, a 50,000 image validation set is classified.
Acknowledgements: BVLC members are very grateful to NVIDIA for providing several GPUs to conduct this research.
NVIDIA K40
Performance is best with ECC off and boost clock enabled. While ECC makes a negligible difference in speed, disabling it frees ~1 GB of GPU memory.
Best settings with ECC off and maximum clock speed:
- Training is 26.5 secs / 20 iterations (5,120 images)
- Testing is 100 secs / validation set (50,000 images)
Other settings:
- ECC on, max speed: training 26.7 secs / 20 iterations, test 101 secs / validation set
- ECC on, default speed: training 31 secs / 20 iterations, test 117 secs / validation set
- ECC off, default speed: training 31 secs / 20 iterations, test 118 secs / validation set
K40 configuration tips
For maximum K40 performance, turn off ECC and boost the clock speed (at your own risk).
To turn off ECC, do
sudo nvidia-smi -i 0 --ecc-config=0 # repeat with -i x for each GPU ID
then reboot.
Set the "persistence" mode of the GPU settings by
sudo nvidia-smi -pm 1
and then set the clock speed with
sudo nvidia-smi -i 0 -ac 3004,875 # repeat with -i x for each GPU ID
but note that this configuration resets across driver reloading / rebooting. Include these commands in a boot script to intialize these settings. For a simple fix, add these commands to /etc/rc.local (on Ubuntu).
NVIDIA Titan
Training: 26.26 secs / 20 iterations (5,120 images). Testing: 100 secs / validation set (50,000 images).
NVIDIA K20
Training: 36.0 secs / 20 iterations (5,120 images). Testing: 133 secs / validation set (50,000 images)
NVIDIA GTX 770
Training: 33.0 secs / 20 iterations (5,120 images). Testing: 129 secs / validation set (50,000 images)