Merge branch 'mg/revision-doc'

* mg/revision-doc:
  Documentation: link to gitrevisions rather than git-rev-parse
  Documentation: gitrevisions
  Documentation: split off rev doc into include file
This commit is contained in:
Junio C Hamano 2010-07-15 12:07:01 -07:00
Родитель bff6e86b3d f028cdae66
Коммит cb597adb5c
20 изменённых файлов: 257 добавлений и 222 удалений

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@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ MAN5_TXT=gitattributes.txt gitignore.txt gitmodules.txt githooks.txt \
gitrepository-layout.txt
MAN7_TXT=gitcli.txt gittutorial.txt gittutorial-2.txt \
gitcvs-migration.txt gitcore-tutorial.txt gitglossary.txt \
gitdiffcore.txt gitworkflows.txt
gitdiffcore.txt gitrevisions.txt gitworkflows.txt
MAN_TXT = $(MAN1_TXT) $(MAN5_TXT) $(MAN7_TXT)
MAN_XML=$(patsubst %.txt,%.xml,$(MAN_TXT))

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@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ OPTIONS
<object>::
The name of the object to show.
For a more complete list of ways to spell object names, see
the "SPECIFYING REVISIONS" section in linkgit:git-rev-parse[1].
the "SPECIFYING REVISIONS" section in linkgit:gitrevisions[1].
-t::
Instead of the content, show the object type identified by

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@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ git imposes the following rules on how references are named:
These rules make it easy for shell script based tools to parse
reference names, pathname expansion by the shell when a reference name is used
unquoted (by mistake), and also avoids ambiguities in certain
reference name expressions (see linkgit:git-rev-parse[1]):
reference name expressions (see linkgit:gitrevisions[1]):
. A double-dot `..` is often used as in `ref1..ref2`, and in some
contexts this notation means `{caret}ref1 ref2` (i.e. not in

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@ -20,8 +20,8 @@ OPTIONS
-------
<commit>...::
Commits to cherry-pick.
For a more complete list of ways to spell commits, see the
"SPECIFYING REVISIONS" section in linkgit:git-rev-parse[1].
For a more complete list of ways to spell commits, see
linkgit:gitrevisions[1].
Sets of commits can be passed but no traversal is done by
default, as if the '--no-walk' option was specified, see
linkgit:git-rev-list[1].

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@ -68,11 +68,11 @@ for the last two forms that use ".." notations, can be any
<tree-ish>.
For a more complete list of ways to spell <commit>, see
"SPECIFYING REVISIONS" section in linkgit:git-rev-parse[1].
"SPECIFYING REVISIONS" section in linkgit:gitrevisions[1].
However, "diff" is about comparing two _endpoints_, not ranges,
and the range notations ("<commit>..<commit>" and
"<commit>\...<commit>") do not mean a range as defined in the
"SPECIFYING RANGES" section in linkgit:git-rev-parse[1].
"SPECIFYING RANGES" section in linkgit:gitrevisions[1].
OPTIONS
-------

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@ -439,7 +439,7 @@ Marks must be declared (via `mark`) before they can be used.
* A complete 40 byte or abbreviated commit SHA-1 in hex.
* Any valid Git SHA-1 expression that resolves to a commit. See
``SPECIFYING REVISIONS'' in linkgit:git-rev-parse[1] for details.
``SPECIFYING REVISIONS'' in linkgit:gitrevisions[1] for details.
The special case of restarting an incremental import from the
current branch value should be written as:

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@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ There are two ways to specify which commits to operate on.
that leads to the <since> to be output.
2. Generic <revision range> expression (see "SPECIFYING
REVISIONS" section in linkgit:git-rev-parse[1]) means the
REVISIONS" section in linkgit:gitrevisions[1]) means the
commits in the specified range.
The first rule takes precedence in the case of a single <commit>. To

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@ -34,8 +34,7 @@ include::diff-options.txt[]
either <since> or <until> is omitted, it defaults to
`HEAD`, i.e. the tip of the current branch.
For a more complete list of ways to spell <since>
and <until>, see "SPECIFYING REVISIONS" section in
linkgit:git-rev-parse[1].
and <until>, see linkgit:gitrevisions[1].
--no-decorate::
--decorate[=short|full|no]::

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@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ OPTIONS[[OPTIONS]]
+
The <src> is often the name of the branch you would want to push, but
it can be any arbitrary "SHA-1 expression", such as `master~4` or
`HEAD` (see linkgit:git-rev-parse[1]).
`HEAD` (see linkgit:gitrevisions[1]).
+
The <dst> tells which ref on the remote side is updated with this
push. Arbitrary expressions cannot be used here, an actual ref must

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@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ see linkgit:git-log[1].
The reflog is useful in various git commands, to specify the old value
of a reference. For example, `HEAD@\{2\}` means "where HEAD used to be
two moves ago", `master@\{one.week.ago\}` means "where master used to
point to one week ago", and so on. See linkgit:git-rev-parse[1] for
point to one week ago", and so on. See linkgit:gitrevisions[1] for
more details.
To delete single entries from the reflog, use the subcommand "delete"

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@ -174,205 +174,7 @@ shown. If the pattern does not contain a globbing character (`?`,
Flags and parameters to be parsed.
SPECIFYING REVISIONS
--------------------
A revision parameter typically, but not necessarily, names a
commit object. They use what is called an 'extended SHA1'
syntax. Here are various ways to spell object names. The
ones listed near the end of this list are to name trees and
blobs contained in a commit.
* The full SHA1 object name (40-byte hexadecimal string), or
a substring of such that is unique within the repository.
E.g. dae86e1950b1277e545cee180551750029cfe735 and dae86e both
name the same commit object if there are no other object in
your repository whose object name starts with dae86e.
* An output from 'git describe'; i.e. a closest tag, optionally
followed by a dash and a number of commits, followed by a dash, a
`g`, and an abbreviated object name.
* A symbolic ref name. E.g. 'master' typically means the commit
object referenced by refs/heads/master. If you
happen to have both heads/master and tags/master, you can
explicitly say 'heads/master' to tell git which one you mean.
When ambiguous, a `<name>` is disambiguated by taking the
first match in the following rules:
. if `$GIT_DIR/<name>` exists, that is what you mean (this is usually
useful only for `HEAD`, `FETCH_HEAD`, `ORIG_HEAD` and `MERGE_HEAD`);
. otherwise, `refs/<name>` if exists;
. otherwise, `refs/tags/<name>` if exists;
. otherwise, `refs/heads/<name>` if exists;
. otherwise, `refs/remotes/<name>` if exists;
. otherwise, `refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD` if exists.
+
HEAD names the commit your changes in the working tree is based on.
FETCH_HEAD records the branch you fetched from a remote repository
with your last 'git fetch' invocation.
ORIG_HEAD is created by commands that moves your HEAD in a drastic
way, to record the position of the HEAD before their operation, so that
you can change the tip of the branch back to the state before you ran
them easily.
MERGE_HEAD records the commit(s) you are merging into your branch
when you run 'git merge'.
+
Note that any of the `refs/*` cases above may come either from
the `$GIT_DIR/refs` directory or from the `$GIT_DIR/packed-refs` file.
* A ref followed by the suffix '@' with a date specification
enclosed in a brace
pair (e.g. '\{yesterday\}', '\{1 month 2 weeks 3 days 1 hour 1
second ago\}' or '\{1979-02-26 18:30:00\}') to specify the value
of the ref at a prior point in time. This suffix may only be
used immediately following a ref name and the ref must have an
existing log ($GIT_DIR/logs/<ref>). Note that this looks up the state
of your *local* ref at a given time; e.g., what was in your local
`master` branch last week. If you want to look at commits made during
certain times, see `--since` and `--until`.
* A ref followed by the suffix '@' with an ordinal specification
enclosed in a brace pair (e.g. '\{1\}', '\{15\}') to specify
the n-th prior value of that ref. For example 'master@\{1\}'
is the immediate prior value of 'master' while 'master@\{5\}'
is the 5th prior value of 'master'. This suffix may only be used
immediately following a ref name and the ref must have an existing
log ($GIT_DIR/logs/<ref>).
* You can use the '@' construct with an empty ref part to get at a
reflog of the current branch. For example, if you are on the
branch 'blabla', then '@\{1\}' means the same as 'blabla@\{1\}'.
* The special construct '@\{-<n>\}' means the <n>th branch checked out
before the current one.
* The suffix '@\{upstream\}' to a ref (short form 'ref@\{u\}') refers to
the branch the ref is set to build on top of. Missing ref defaults
to the current branch.
* A suffix '{caret}' to a revision parameter (e.g. 'HEAD{caret}') means the first parent of
that commit object. '{caret}<n>' means the <n>th parent (i.e.
'rev{caret}'
is equivalent to 'rev{caret}1'). As a special rule,
'rev{caret}0' means the commit itself and is used when 'rev' is the
object name of a tag object that refers to a commit object.
* A suffix '{tilde}<n>' to a revision parameter means the commit
object that is the <n>th generation grand-parent of the named
commit object, following only the first parent. I.e. rev~3 is
equivalent to rev{caret}{caret}{caret} which is equivalent to
rev{caret}1{caret}1{caret}1. See below for a illustration of
the usage of this form.
* A suffix '{caret}' followed by an object type name enclosed in
brace pair (e.g. `v0.99.8{caret}\{commit\}`) means the object
could be a tag, and dereference the tag recursively until an
object of that type is found or the object cannot be
dereferenced anymore (in which case, barf). `rev{caret}0`
introduced earlier is a short-hand for `rev{caret}\{commit\}`.
* A suffix '{caret}' followed by an empty brace pair
(e.g. `v0.99.8{caret}\{\}`) means the object could be a tag,
and dereference the tag recursively until a non-tag object is
found.
* A colon, followed by a slash, followed by a text (e.g. `:/fix nasty bug`): this names
a commit whose commit message starts with the specified text.
This name returns the youngest matching commit which is
reachable from any ref. If the commit message starts with a
'!', you have to repeat that; the special sequence ':/!',
followed by something else than '!' is reserved for now.
* A suffix ':' followed by a path (e.g. `HEAD:README`); this names the blob or tree
at the given path in the tree-ish object named by the part
before the colon.
':path' (with an empty part before the colon, e.g. `:README`)
is a special case of the syntax described next: content
recorded in the index at the given path.
* A colon, optionally followed by a stage number (0 to 3) and a
colon, followed by a path (e.g. `:0:README`); this names a blob object in the
index at the given path. Missing stage number (and the colon
that follows it, e.g. `:README`) names a stage 0 entry. During a merge, stage
1 is the common ancestor, stage 2 is the target branch's version
(typically the current branch), and stage 3 is the version from
the branch being merged.
Here is an illustration, by Jon Loeliger. Both commit nodes B
and C are parents of commit node A. Parent commits are ordered
left-to-right.
........................................
G H I J
\ / \ /
D E F
\ | / \
\ | / |
\|/ |
B C
\ /
\ /
A
........................................
A = = A^0
B = A^ = A^1 = A~1
C = A^2 = A^2
D = A^^ = A^1^1 = A~2
E = B^2 = A^^2
F = B^3 = A^^3
G = A^^^ = A^1^1^1 = A~3
H = D^2 = B^^2 = A^^^2 = A~2^2
I = F^ = B^3^ = A^^3^
J = F^2 = B^3^2 = A^^3^2
SPECIFYING RANGES
-----------------
History traversing commands such as 'git log' operate on a set
of commits, not just a single commit. To these commands,
specifying a single revision with the notation described in the
previous section means the set of commits reachable from that
commit, following the commit ancestry chain.
To exclude commits reachable from a commit, a prefix `{caret}`
notation is used. E.g. `{caret}r1 r2` means commits reachable
from `r2` but exclude the ones reachable from `r1`.
This set operation appears so often that there is a shorthand
for it. When you have two commits `r1` and `r2` (named according
to the syntax explained in SPECIFYING REVISIONS above), you can ask
for commits that are reachable from r2 excluding those that are reachable
from r1 by `{caret}r1 r2` and it can be written as `r1..r2`.
A similar notation `r1\...r2` is called symmetric difference
of `r1` and `r2` and is defined as
`r1 r2 --not $(git merge-base --all r1 r2)`.
It is the set of commits that are reachable from either one of
`r1` or `r2` but not from both.
Two other shorthands for naming a set that is formed by a commit
and its parent commits exist. The `r1{caret}@` notation means all
parents of `r1`. `r1{caret}!` includes commit `r1` but excludes
all of its parents.
Here are a handful of examples:
D G H D
D F G H I J D F
^G D H D
^D B E I J F B
B...C G H D E B C
^D B C E I J F B C
C^@ I J F
F^! D G H D F
include::revisions.txt[]
PARSEOPT
--------

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@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ OPTIONS
<commit>...::
Commits to revert.
For a more complete list of ways to spell commit names, see
"SPECIFYING REVISIONS" section in linkgit:git-rev-parse[1].
linkgit:gitrevisions[1].
Sets of commits can also be given but no traversal is done by
default, see linkgit:git-rev-list[1] and its '--no-walk'
option.

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@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ no <rev> nor <glob> is given on the command line.
OPTIONS
-------
<rev>::
Arbitrary extended SHA1 expression (see linkgit:git-rev-parse[1])
Arbitrary extended SHA1 expression (see linkgit:gitrevisions[1])
that typically names a branch head or a tag.
<glob>::

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@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ OPTIONS
<object>...::
The names of objects to show.
For a more complete list of ways to spell object names, see
"SPECIFYING REVISIONS" section in linkgit:git-rev-parse[1].
"SPECIFYING REVISIONS" section in linkgit:gitrevisions[1].
include::pretty-options.txt[]

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@ -479,7 +479,7 @@ HEAD::
(i.e. the contents of `$GIT_DIR/refs/heads/<head>`).
For a more complete list of ways to spell object names, see
"SPECIFYING REVISIONS" section in linkgit:git-rev-parse[1].
"SPECIFYING REVISIONS" section in linkgit:gitrevisions[1].
File/Directory Structure

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@ -971,7 +971,7 @@ commits from the master branch. The string inside brackets
before the commit log message is a short name you can use to
name the commit. In the above example, 'master' and 'mybranch'
are branch heads. 'master^' is the first parent of 'master'
branch head. Please see linkgit:git-rev-parse[1] if you want to
branch head. Please see linkgit:gitrevisions[1] if you want to
see more complex cases.
[NOTE]

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@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ frequently used options.
the form "'<from>'..'<to>'" to show all revisions between '<from>' and
back to '<to>'. Note, more advanced revision selection can be applied.
For a more complete list of ways to spell object names, see
"SPECIFYING REVISIONS" section in linkgit:git-rev-parse[1].
linkgit:gitrevisions[1].
<path>...::

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@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
gitrevisions(7)
================
NAME
----
gitrevisions - specifying revisions and ranges for git
SYNOPSIS
--------
gitrevisions
DESCRIPTION
-----------
Many Git commands take revision parameters as arguments. Depending on
the command, they denote a specific commit or, for commands which
walk the revision graph (such as linkgit:git-log[1]), all commits which can
be reached from that commit. In the latter case one can also specify a
range of revisions explicitly.
In addition, some Git commands (such as linkgit:git-show[1]) also take
revision parameters which denote other objects than commits, e.g. blobs
("files") or trees ("directories of files").
include::revisions.txt[]
SEE ALSO
--------
linkgit:git-rev-parse[1]
GIT
---
Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite

199
Documentation/revisions.txt Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
SPECIFYING REVISIONS
--------------------
A revision parameter typically, but not necessarily, names a
commit object. They use what is called an 'extended SHA1'
syntax. Here are various ways to spell object names. The
ones listed near the end of this list are to name trees and
blobs contained in a commit.
* The full SHA1 object name (40-byte hexadecimal string), or
a substring of such that is unique within the repository.
E.g. dae86e1950b1277e545cee180551750029cfe735 and dae86e both
name the same commit object if there are no other object in
your repository whose object name starts with dae86e.
* An output from 'git describe'; i.e. a closest tag, optionally
followed by a dash and a number of commits, followed by a dash, a
`g`, and an abbreviated object name.
* A symbolic ref name. E.g. 'master' typically means the commit
object referenced by refs/heads/master. If you
happen to have both heads/master and tags/master, you can
explicitly say 'heads/master' to tell git which one you mean.
When ambiguous, a `<name>` is disambiguated by taking the
first match in the following rules:
. if `$GIT_DIR/<name>` exists, that is what you mean (this is usually
useful only for `HEAD`, `FETCH_HEAD`, `ORIG_HEAD` and `MERGE_HEAD`);
. otherwise, `refs/<name>` if exists;
. otherwise, `refs/tags/<name>` if exists;
. otherwise, `refs/heads/<name>` if exists;
. otherwise, `refs/remotes/<name>` if exists;
. otherwise, `refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD` if exists.
+
HEAD names the commit your changes in the working tree is based on.
FETCH_HEAD records the branch you fetched from a remote repository
with your last 'git fetch' invocation.
ORIG_HEAD is created by commands that moves your HEAD in a drastic
way, to record the position of the HEAD before their operation, so that
you can change the tip of the branch back to the state before you ran
them easily.
MERGE_HEAD records the commit(s) you are merging into your branch
when you run 'git merge'.
+
Note that any of the `refs/*` cases above may come either from
the `$GIT_DIR/refs` directory or from the `$GIT_DIR/packed-refs` file.
* A ref followed by the suffix '@' with a date specification
enclosed in a brace
pair (e.g. '\{yesterday\}', '\{1 month 2 weeks 3 days 1 hour 1
second ago\}' or '\{1979-02-26 18:30:00\}') to specify the value
of the ref at a prior point in time. This suffix may only be
used immediately following a ref name and the ref must have an
existing log ($GIT_DIR/logs/<ref>). Note that this looks up the state
of your *local* ref at a given time; e.g., what was in your local
`master` branch last week. If you want to look at commits made during
certain times, see `--since` and `--until`.
* A ref followed by the suffix '@' with an ordinal specification
enclosed in a brace pair (e.g. '\{1\}', '\{15\}') to specify
the n-th prior value of that ref. For example 'master@\{1\}'
is the immediate prior value of 'master' while 'master@\{5\}'
is the 5th prior value of 'master'. This suffix may only be used
immediately following a ref name and the ref must have an existing
log ($GIT_DIR/logs/<ref>).
* You can use the '@' construct with an empty ref part to get at a
reflog of the current branch. For example, if you are on the
branch 'blabla', then '@\{1\}' means the same as 'blabla@\{1\}'.
* The special construct '@\{-<n>\}' means the <n>th branch checked out
before the current one.
* The suffix '@\{upstream\}' to a ref (short form 'ref@\{u\}') refers to
the branch the ref is set to build on top of. Missing ref defaults
to the current branch.
* A suffix '{caret}' to a revision parameter (e.g. 'HEAD{caret}') means the first parent of
that commit object. '{caret}<n>' means the <n>th parent (i.e.
'rev{caret}'
is equivalent to 'rev{caret}1'). As a special rule,
'rev{caret}0' means the commit itself and is used when 'rev' is the
object name of a tag object that refers to a commit object.
* A suffix '{tilde}<n>' to a revision parameter means the commit
object that is the <n>th generation grand-parent of the named
commit object, following only the first parent. I.e. rev~3 is
equivalent to rev{caret}{caret}{caret} which is equivalent to
rev{caret}1{caret}1{caret}1. See below for a illustration of
the usage of this form.
* A suffix '{caret}' followed by an object type name enclosed in
brace pair (e.g. `v0.99.8{caret}\{commit\}`) means the object
could be a tag, and dereference the tag recursively until an
object of that type is found or the object cannot be
dereferenced anymore (in which case, barf). `rev{caret}0`
introduced earlier is a short-hand for `rev{caret}\{commit\}`.
* A suffix '{caret}' followed by an empty brace pair
(e.g. `v0.99.8{caret}\{\}`) means the object could be a tag,
and dereference the tag recursively until a non-tag object is
found.
* A colon, followed by a slash, followed by a text (e.g. `:/fix nasty bug`): this names
a commit whose commit message starts with the specified text.
This name returns the youngest matching commit which is
reachable from any ref. If the commit message starts with a
'!', you have to repeat that; the special sequence ':/!',
followed by something else than '!' is reserved for now.
* A suffix ':' followed by a path (e.g. `HEAD:README`); this names the blob or tree
at the given path in the tree-ish object named by the part
before the colon.
':path' (with an empty part before the colon, e.g. `:README`)
is a special case of the syntax described next: content
recorded in the index at the given path.
* A colon, optionally followed by a stage number (0 to 3) and a
colon, followed by a path (e.g. `:0:README`); this names a blob object in the
index at the given path. Missing stage number (and the colon
that follows it, e.g. `:README`) names a stage 0 entry. During a merge, stage
1 is the common ancestor, stage 2 is the target branch's version
(typically the current branch), and stage 3 is the version from
the branch being merged.
Here is an illustration, by Jon Loeliger. Both commit nodes B
and C are parents of commit node A. Parent commits are ordered
left-to-right.
........................................
G H I J
\ / \ /
D E F
\ | / \
\ | / |
\|/ |
B C
\ /
\ /
A
........................................
A = = A^0
B = A^ = A^1 = A~1
C = A^2 = A^2
D = A^^ = A^1^1 = A~2
E = B^2 = A^^2
F = B^3 = A^^3
G = A^^^ = A^1^1^1 = A~3
H = D^2 = B^^2 = A^^^2 = A~2^2
I = F^ = B^3^ = A^^3^
J = F^2 = B^3^2 = A^^3^2
SPECIFYING RANGES
-----------------
History traversing commands such as 'git log' operate on a set
of commits, not just a single commit. To these commands,
specifying a single revision with the notation described in the
previous section means the set of commits reachable from that
commit, following the commit ancestry chain.
To exclude commits reachable from a commit, a prefix `{caret}`
notation is used. E.g. `{caret}r1 r2` means commits reachable
from `r2` but exclude the ones reachable from `r1`.
This set operation appears so often that there is a shorthand
for it. When you have two commits `r1` and `r2` (named according
to the syntax explained in SPECIFYING REVISIONS above), you can ask
for commits that are reachable from r2 excluding those that are reachable
from r1 by `{caret}r1 r2` and it can be written as `r1..r2`.
A similar notation `r1\...r2` is called symmetric difference
of `r1` and `r2` and is defined as
`r1 r2 --not $(git merge-base --all r1 r2)`.
It is the set of commits that are reachable from either one of
`r1` or `r2` but not from both.
Two other shorthands for naming a set that is formed by a commit
and its parent commits exist. The `r1{caret}@` notation means all
parents of `r1`. `r1{caret}!` includes commit `r1` but excludes
all of its parents.
Here are a handful of examples:
D G H D
D F G H I J D F
^G D H D
^D B E I J F B
B...C G H D E B C
^D B C E I J F B C
C^@ I J F
F^! D G H D F

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@ -397,7 +397,7 @@ is usually a shortcut for the HEAD branch in the repository "origin".
For the complete list of paths which git checks for references, and
the order it uses to decide which to choose when there are multiple
references with the same shorthand name, see the "SPECIFYING
REVISIONS" section of linkgit:git-rev-parse[1].
REVISIONS" section of linkgit:gitrevisions[1].
[[Updating-a-repository-With-git-fetch]]
Updating a repository with git fetch
@ -568,7 +568,7 @@ We have seen several ways of naming commits already:
- HEAD: refers to the head of the current branch
There are many more; see the "SPECIFYING REVISIONS" section of the
linkgit:git-rev-parse[1] man page for the complete list of ways to
linkgit:gitrevisions[1] man page for the complete list of ways to
name revisions. Some examples:
-------------------------------------------------
@ -909,7 +909,7 @@ commits reachable from some head but not from any tag in the repository:
$ gitk $( git show-ref --heads ) --not $( git show-ref --tags )
-------------------------------------------------
(See linkgit:git-rev-parse[1] for explanations of commit-selecting
(See linkgit:gitrevisions[1] for explanations of commit-selecting
syntax such as `--not`.)
[[making-a-release]]
@ -1635,7 +1635,7 @@ you've checked out.
The reflogs are kept by default for 30 days, after which they may be
pruned. See linkgit:git-reflog[1] and linkgit:git-gc[1] to learn
how to control this pruning, and see the "SPECIFYING REVISIONS"
section of linkgit:git-rev-parse[1] for details.
section of linkgit:gitrevisions[1] for details.
Note that the reflog history is very different from normal git history.
While normal history is shared by every repository that works on the