[CODEGEN] Refactor common codegen, Verilog Codegen (#74)

* [CODEGEN] Refactor common codegen, Verilog Codegen

* fix make

* fix mk

* update enable signal

* change function name to at neg edge

* Move test to correct place

HalideIR

@@ -1 +1 @@
-Subproject commit 7efe0366e93c053d558415b72f9fe3f6545eb721
+Subproject commit ce80d58741688b200f498fed8c7b0ea33e0516c8

include/tvm/arithmetic.h

@@ -148,6 +148,15 @@ struct IntSetNode : public Node {
   TVM_DECLARE_BASE_NODE_INFO(IntSetNode, Node);
 };
 
+
+/*!
+ * \brief Detect if e can be rewritten as e = base + var * coeff
+ *  Where coeff and base are invariant of var.
+ *
+ * \return [base, coeff] if it is possible, empty array if it is not.
+ */
+Array<Expr> DetectLinearEquation(Expr e, Var var);
+
 /*!
  * \brief Find an symbolic integer set that contains all possible values of
  *  e given the domain of each iteration variables.

include/tvm/base.h

@@ -19,6 +19,19 @@ using ::tvm::Node;
 using ::tvm::NodeRef;
 using ::tvm::AttrVisitor;
 
+/*! \brief Macro to make it easy to define node ref type given node */
+#define TVM_DEFINE_NODE_REF(TypeName, NodeName)                  \
+  class TypeName : public NodeRef {                              \
+   public:                                                       \
+    TypeName() {}                                                 \
+    explicit TypeName(std::shared_ptr<Node> n) : NodeRef(n) {}    \
+    const NodeName* operator->() const {                          \
+      return static_cast<const NodeName*>(node_.get());           \
+    }                                                             \
+    using ContainerType = NodeName;                               \
+  };                                                              \
+
+
 /*!
  * \brief save the node as well as all the node it depends on as json.
  *  This can be used to serialize any TVM object

include/tvm/channel.h

@@ -35,7 +35,6 @@ struct ChannelNode : public Node {
   Var handle_var;
   /*! \brief default data type in read/write */
   Type dtype;
-
   // visit all attributes
   void VisitAttrs(AttrVisitor* v) final {
     v->Visit("handle_var", &handle_var);

include/tvm/ir.h

@@ -103,10 +103,16 @@ constexpr const char* extern_op_scope = "extern_op_scope";
 // Pipeline related attributes
 /*! \brief channel read scope */
 constexpr const char* channel_read_scope = "channel_read_scope";
+/*! \brief Advance step of channel after end of scope */
+constexpr const char* channel_read_advance = "channel_read_advance";
 /*! \brief channel write scope */
 constexpr const char* channel_write_scope = "channel_write_scope";
-/*! \brief pipeline module scope */
+/*! \brief Advance step of channel after end of scope */
+constexpr const char* channel_write_advance = "channel_write_advance";
+/*! \brief pipeline stage scope, implies always execution */
 constexpr const char* pipeline_stage_scope = "pipeline_stage_scope";
+/*! \brief pipeline execution scope, implies the scope can be pipelined. */
+constexpr const char* pipeline_exec_scope = "pipeline_exec_scope";
 }  // namespace attr
 
 /*! \brief namespace of TVM Intrinsic functions */

include/tvm/ir_pass.h

@@ -55,6 +55,14 @@ bool VerifySSA(const Stmt& ir);
  */
 bool HasSideEffect(const Expr& e);
 
+/*!
+ * \brief Whether e expression used var.
+ * \param e The expression to be checked.
+ * \param v The variable.
+ * \return Whether e uses v.
+ */
+bool ExprUseVar(const Expr& e, const Var& v);
+
 /*!
  * \brief Convert a IR node to be SSA form.
  * \param stmt The source statement to be converted.
@@ -115,9 +123,17 @@ Stmt RemoveNoOp(Stmt stmt);
 /*!
  * \brief Split statement into pipeine stages.
  * \param stmt The stmt to be splitted
+ * \param split_load Whether split load into its own stage.
  * \return Transformed stmt.
  */
-Stmt SplitPipeline(Stmt stmt);
+Stmt SplitPipeline(Stmt stmt, bool split_load);
+
+/*!
+ * \brief Narrow channel access to smaller range.
+ * \param stmt The stmt to do access rewriting.
+ * \return Transformed stmt.
+ */
+Stmt NarrowChannelAccess(Stmt stmt);
 
 /*!
  * \brief unroll the constant loops

python/tvm/_ctypes/_function.py

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ from __future__ import absolute_import
 
 import ctypes
 import sys
+import traceback
 from numbers import Number, Integral
 
 from .._base import _LIB, check_call
@@ -46,7 +47,14 @@ def convert_to_tvm_func(pyfunc):
         """ ctypes function """
         num_args = num_args.value if isinstance(num_args, ctypes.c_int) else num_args
         pyargs = [C_TO_PY_ARG_SWITCH[type_codes[i]](args[i]) for i in range(num_args)]
+        # pylint: disable=broad-except
+        try:
             rv = local_pyfunc(*pyargs)
+        except Exception:
+            msg = traceback.format_exc()
+            _LIB.TVMAPISetLastError(c_str(msg))
+            return -1
+
         if rv is not None:
             if isinstance(rv, tuple):
                 raise ValueError("PackedFunction can only support one reurn value")

python/tvm/addon/verilog.py

@@ -4,10 +4,12 @@ from __future__ import absolute_import
 import subprocess
 import sys
 import os
+import ctypes
 
 from .. import _api_internal
 from .._base import string_types
 from .._ctypes._node import NodeBase, register_node
+from .._ctypes._function import register_func
 from . import testing
 
 @register_node
@@ -46,7 +48,7 @@ class VPISession(NodeBase):
     def __getattr__(self, name):
         return _api_internal._vpi_SessGetHandleByName(self, name)
 
-    def yield_until_posedge(self):
+    def yield_until_next_cycle(self):
         """Yield until next posedge"""
         for f in self.yield_callbacks:
             f()
@@ -120,7 +122,8 @@ def search_path():
     """Get the search directory."""
     curr_path = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(os.path.expanduser(__file__)))
     ver_path = [os.path.join(curr_path, '../../../verilog/')]
-    ver_path += [os.path.join(curr_path, '../../../tests/verilog/')]
+    ver_path += [os.path.join(curr_path, '../../../tests/verilog/unittest/')]
+    ver_path += [os.path.join(curr_path, '../../../tests/verilog/integration/')]
     return ver_path
 
 
@@ -178,29 +181,41 @@ def compile_file(file_name, file_target, options=None):
         raise ValueError("Compilation error:\n%s" % out)
 
 
-def session(file_name):
+def session(file_names, codes=None):
     """Create a new iverilog session by compile the file.
 
     Parameters
     ----------
-    file_name : str or list of str
+    file_names : str or list of str
         The name of the file
 
+    codes : str or list of str
+        The code in str.
+
     Returns
     -------
     sess : VPISession
         The created session.
     """
-    if isinstance(file_name, string_types):
+    if isinstance(file_names, string_types):
-        file_name = [file_name]
+        file_names = [file_names]
 
-    for name in file_name:
+    path = testing.tempdir()
+
+    if codes:
+        if isinstance(codes, (list, tuple)):
+            codes = '\n'.join(codes)
+        fcode = path.relpath("temp_code.v")
+        with open(fcode, "w") as out_file:
+            out_file.write(codes)
+        file_names.append(fcode)
+
+    for name in file_names:
         if not os.path.exists(name):
             raise ValueError("Cannot find file %s" % name)
 
-    path = testing.tempdir()
+    target = path.relpath(os.path.basename(file_names[0].rsplit(".", 1)[0]))
-    target = path.relpath(os.path.basename(file_name[0].rsplit(".", 1)[0]))
+    compile_file(file_names, target)
-    compile_file(file_name, target)
     vpi_path = _find_vpi_path()
 
     cmd = ["vvp"]
@@ -243,3 +258,43 @@ def session(file_name):
     sess.proc = proc
     sess.execpath = path
     return sess
+
+
+@register_func
+def tvm_callback_verilog_simulator(code, *args):
+    """Callback by TVM runtime to invoke verilog simulator
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    code : str
+        The verilog code to be simulated
+
+    args : list
+        Additional arguments to be set.
+    """
+    libs = [
+        find_file("tvm_vpi_mmap.v")
+    ]
+    sess = session(libs, code)
+    for i, value in enumerate(args):
+        vpi_h = sess.main["tvm_arg%d" % i]
+        if isinstance(value, ctypes.c_void_p):
+            int_value = int(value.value)
+        elif isinstance(value, int):
+            int_value = value
+        else:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Do not know how to handle value type %s" % type(value))
+        vpi_h.put_int(int_value)
+
+    rst = sess.main.rst
+    done = sess.main.done
+    # start driving
+    rst.put_int(1)
+    sess.yield_until_next_cycle()
+    rst.put_int(0)
+    sess.yield_until_next_cycle()
+    while not done.get_int():
+        sess.yield_until_next_cycle()
+    sess.yield_until_next_cycle()
+    sess.shutdown()

src/api/api_arith.cc

@@ -26,6 +26,11 @@ TVM_REGISTER_API(_arith_EvalModular)
     *ret = EvalModular(args[0], Map<Var, IntSet>());
   });
 
+TVM_REGISTER_API(_arith_DetectLinearEquation)
+.set_body([](TVMArgs args, TVMRetValue *ret) {
+    *ret = DetectLinearEquation(args[0], args[1]);
+  });
+
 TVM_REGISTER_API(_arith_DeduceBound)
 .set_body([](TVMArgs args, TVMRetValue *ret) {
     *ret = DeduceBound(args[0], args[1],

src/api/api_pass.cc

@@ -63,6 +63,7 @@ REGISTER_PASS1(CanonicalSimplify);
 REGISTER_PASS4(Inline);
 REGISTER_PASS2(StorageFlatten);
 REGISTER_PASS1(VectorizeLoop);
+REGISTER_PASS2(ExprUseVar);
 REGISTER_PASS2(UnrollLoop);
 REGISTER_PASS2(StorageSync);
 REGISTER_PASS4(MakeAPI);
@@ -71,7 +72,7 @@ REGISTER_PASS1(LiftAllocate);
 REGISTER_PASS1(InjectVirtualThread);
 REGISTER_PASS1(LoopPartition);
 REGISTER_PASS1(RemoveNoOp);
-REGISTER_PASS1(SplitPipeline);
+REGISTER_PASS2(SplitPipeline);
-
+REGISTER_PASS1(NarrowChannelAccess);
 }  // namespace ir
 }  // namespace tvm

src/arithmetic/detect_linear_equation.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+/*!
+ *  Copyright (c) 2017 by Contributors
+ * \file bound_deducer.cc
+ * \brief Utility to deduce bound of expression
+ */
+#include <tvm/expr.h>
+#include <tvm/ir_pass.h>
+#include <tvm/ir_visitor.h>
+#include <tvm/ir_functor_ext.h>
+#include <tvm/arithmetic.h>
+#include "./compute_expr.h"
+
+namespace tvm {
+namespace arith {
+
+using namespace ir;
+
+// Linear equation, the components can be undefined.
+struct LinearEqEntry {
+  Expr base;
+  Expr coeff;
+};
+
+class LinearEqDetector
+    : public ExprFunctor<LinearEqEntry(const Expr&, const Expr &)> {
+ public:
+  explicit LinearEqDetector(Var var)
+      : var_(var) {}
+
+  Array<Expr> Detect(const Expr& e) {
+    LinearEqEntry ret = VisitExpr(e, e);
+    if (fail_) return Array<Expr>();
+    if (!ret.base.defined()) {
+      ret.base = make_zero(var_.type());
+    }
+    if (!ret.coeff.defined()) {
+      ret.coeff = make_zero(var_.type());
+    }
+    return Array<Expr>{ret.base, ret.coeff};
+  }
+
+  LinearEqEntry VisitExpr_(const Add* op, const Expr& e) final {
+    if (fail_) return LinearEqEntry();
+    LinearEqEntry a = VisitExpr(op->a, op->a);
+    LinearEqEntry b = VisitExpr(op->b, op->b);
+    LinearEqEntry ret;
+    ret.base = AddCombine(a.base, b.base);
+    ret.coeff = AddCombine(a.coeff, b.coeff);
+    return ret;
+  }
+  LinearEqEntry VisitExpr_(const Mul* op, const Expr& e) final {
+    if (fail_) return LinearEqEntry();
+    LinearEqEntry a = VisitExpr(op->a, op->a);
+    LinearEqEntry b = VisitExpr(op->b, op->b);
+    if (a.coeff.defined()) {
+      std::swap(a, b);
+    }
+    if (a.coeff.defined()) {
+      fail_ = true;
+      return LinearEqEntry();
+    }
+    LinearEqEntry ret;
+    ret.base = MulCombine(a.base, b.base);
+    ret.coeff = MulCombine(a.base, b.coeff);
+    return ret;
+  }
+  LinearEqEntry VisitExpr_(const Variable* op, const Expr& e) final {
+    LinearEqEntry ret;
+    if (op == var_.get()) {
+      ret.coeff = make_const(op->type, 1);
+    } else {
+      ret.base = e;
+    }
+    return ret;
+  }
+  LinearEqEntry VisitExprDefault_(const Node* op, const Expr& e) final {
+    if (fail_) return LinearEqEntry();
+    if (ExprUseVar(e, var_)) {
+      fail_ = true;
+      return LinearEqEntry();
+    } else {
+      LinearEqEntry ret;
+      ret.base = e;
+      return ret;
+    }
+  }
+
+ private:
+  Var var_;
+  bool fail_{false};
+  // Combine by add
+  Expr AddCombine(Expr a, Expr b) {
+    if (!a.defined()) return b;
+    if (!b.defined()) return a;
+    return ComputeExpr<Add>(a, b);
+  }
+  Expr MulCombine(Expr a, Expr b) {
+    if (!a.defined()) return a;
+    if (!b.defined()) return b;
+    return ComputeExpr<Mul>(a, b);
+  }
+};
+
+Array<Expr> DetectLinearEquation(Expr e, Var var) {
+  return LinearEqDetector(var).Detect(e);
+}
+
+}  // namespace arith
+}  // namespace tvm

src/arithmetic/int_set.cc

@@ -163,6 +163,7 @@ inline bool MatchPoint(const IntSet& a,
 }
 
 IntSet Union(const Array<IntSet>& sets) {
+  if (sets.size() == 0) return IntSet::nothing();
   if (sets.size() == 1) return sets[0];
   Interval x = sets[0].cover_interval().as<IntervalSet>()->i;
   for (size_t i = 1; i < sets.size(); ++i) {

src/codegen/codegen_c.cc

@@ -18,11 +18,8 @@ void CodeGenC::Init(bool output_ssa) {
 
 void CodeGenC::InitFuncState(LoweredFunc f) {
   alloc_storage_scope_.clear();
-  name_alloc_map_.clear();
-  ssa_assign_map_.clear();
-  var_idmap_.clear();
   handle_data_type_.clear();
-  scope_mark_.clear();
+  CodeGenSourceBase::ClearFuncState();
 }
 void CodeGenC::AddFunction(LoweredFunc f) {
   // clear previous generated state.
@@ -67,30 +64,6 @@ std::string CodeGenC::Finish() {
   return stream.str();
 }
 
-
-std::string CodeGenC::SSAGetID(std::string src, Type t) {
-  if (name_alloc_map_.count(src)) return src;
-  auto it = ssa_assign_map_.find(src);
-  if (it != ssa_assign_map_.end()) {
-    if (scope_mark_.at(it->second.scope_id)) {
-      return it->second.vid;
-    }
-  }
-
-  this->PrintIndent();
-  SSAEntry e;
-  e.vid = GetUniqueName("_");
-  e.scope_id = static_cast<int>(scope_mark_.size() - 1);
-  ssa_assign_map_[src] = e;
-  if (src.length() > 3 &&
-      src[0] == '(' && src[src.length() - 1] == ')') {
-    src = src.substr(1, src.length() - 2);
-  }
-  PrintType(t, stream);
-  stream << ' ' << e.vid << " = " << src << ";\n";
-  return e.vid;
-}
-
 void CodeGenC::PrintExpr(const Expr& n, std::ostream& os) {  // NOLINT(*)
   if (print_ssa_form_) {
     std::ostringstream temp;
@@ -101,88 +74,17 @@ void CodeGenC::PrintExpr(const Expr& n, std::ostream& os) {  // NOLINT(*)
   }
 }
 
-std::string CodeGenC::GetUniqueName(std::string prefix) {
+void CodeGenC::PrintSSAAssign(
-  auto it = name_alloc_map_.find(prefix);
+    const std::string& target, const std::string& src, Type t) {
-  if (it != name_alloc_map_.end()) {
+  PrintType(t, stream);
-    while (true) {
+  stream << ' ' << target << " = ";
-      std::ostringstream os;
+  if (src.length() > 3 &&
-      os << prefix << (++it->second);
+      src[0] == '(' && src[src.length() - 1] == ')') {
-      std::string name = os.str();
+    stream << src.substr(1, src.length() - 2);
-      if (name_alloc_map_.count(name) == 0) {
-        prefix = name;
-        break;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  name_alloc_map_[prefix] = 0;
-  return prefix;
-}
-
-std::string CodeGenC::AllocVarID(const Variable* v) {
-  CHECK(!var_idmap_.count(v))
-      << "Need input to be in SSA form dup " << v->name_hint;
-  std::string key = v->name_hint;
-  for (size_t i = 0; i < key.size(); ++i) {
-    if (key[i] == '.') key[i] = '_';
-  }
-  std::string vid = GetUniqueName(key);
-  var_idmap_[v] = vid;
-  return vid;
-}
-
-std::string CodeGenC::GetVarID(const Variable* v) const {
-  auto it = var_idmap_.find(v);
-  CHECK(it != var_idmap_.end())
-      << "Find undefined Variable " << v->name_hint;
-  return it->second;
-}
-
-bool CodeGenC::HandleTypeMatch(const Variable* buf_var, Type t) const {
-  auto it = handle_data_type_.find(buf_var);
-  if (it == handle_data_type_.end()) return false;
-  return it->second == t;
-}
-
-void CodeGenC::RegisterHandleType(const Variable* buf_var, Type t) {
-  auto it = handle_data_type_.find(buf_var);
-  if (it == handle_data_type_.end()) {
-    handle_data_type_[buf_var] = t;
   } else {
-    CHECK(it->second == t)
+    stream << src;
-        << "conflicting buf var type";
   }
-}
+  stream << ";\n";
-
-void CodeGenC::PrintIndent() {
-  for (int i = 0; i < this->indent; ++i) {
-    this->stream << ' ';
-  }
-}
-
-void CodeGenC::MarkConst(std::string vid) {
-  if (print_ssa_form_) {
-    auto it = ssa_assign_map_.find(vid);
-    if (it == ssa_assign_map_.end()) {
-      SSAEntry e;
-      e.vid = vid;
-      e.scope_id = 0;
-      ssa_assign_map_[vid] = e;
-    } else {
-      CHECK_EQ(it->second.vid, vid);
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-int CodeGenC::BeginScope() {
-  int sid = static_cast<int>(scope_mark_.size());
-  scope_mark_.push_back(true);
-  indent += 2;
-  return sid;
-}
-
-void CodeGenC::EndScope(int scope_id) {
-  scope_mark_[scope_id] = false;
-  indent -= 2;
 }
 
 // Print a reference expression to a buffer.
@@ -229,6 +131,23 @@ void CodeGenC::PrintBufferRef(
   }
 }
 
+
+bool CodeGenC::HandleTypeMatch(const Variable* buf_var, Type t) const {
+  auto it = handle_data_type_.find(buf_var);
+  if (it == handle_data_type_.end()) return false;
+  return it->second == t;
+}
+
+void CodeGenC::RegisterHandleType(const Variable* buf_var, Type t) {
+  auto it = handle_data_type_.find(buf_var);
+  if (it == handle_data_type_.end()) {
+    handle_data_type_[buf_var] = t;
+  } else {
+    CHECK(it->second == t)
+        << "conflicting buf var type";
+  }
+}
+
 void CodeGenC::PrintVecElemLoad(const std::string& vec,
                                 Type t, int i,
                                 std::ostream& os) {  // NOLINT(*)
@@ -564,29 +483,32 @@ inline bool TryGetRamp1Base(Expr index, int lanes, Expr *base) {
 
 void CodeGenC::VisitExpr_(const Load* op, std::ostream& os) {  // NOLINT(*)
   int lanes = op->type.lanes();
-  if (op->type.lanes() == 1) {
-    this->PrintBufferRef(op->buffer_var.get(), op->type, op->index, os);
-  } else {
-    Expr base;
-    if (TryGetRamp1Base(op->index, op->type.lanes(), &base)) {
-      this->PrintVecLoad(op->buffer_var.get(), op->type, base, os);
-    } else {
-      // Load elements seperately
-      std::string sindex = SSAGetID(PrintExpr(op->index), op->index.type());
   std::string svalue = GetUniqueName("_");
-      {
   // delcare type.
   this->PrintIndent();
   this->PrintType(op->type, stream);
-        stream << ' ' << svalue << ";\n";
+  stream << ' ' << svalue;
-      }
+  if (op->type.lanes() == 1) {
+    stream << " = ";
+    this->PrintBufferRef(op->buffer_var.get(), op->type, op->index, stream);
+    stream << ";\n";
+  } else {
+    Expr base;
+    if (TryGetRamp1Base(op->index, op->type.lanes(), &base)) {
+      stream << " = ";
+      this->PrintVecLoad(op->buffer_var.get(), op->type, base, stream);
+      stream << ";\n";
+    } else {
+      // Load elements seperately
+      stream << ";\n";
+      std::string sindex = SSAGetID(PrintExpr(op->index), op->index.type());
       std::string vid = GetVarID(op->buffer_var.get());
       Type elem_type = op->type.element_of();
       for (int i = 0; i < lanes; ++i) {
         std::ostringstream value_temp;
         if (!HandleTypeMatch(op->buffer_var.get(), elem_type)) {
           value_temp << "((";
-          PrintType(elem_type, os);
+          PrintType(elem_type, value_temp);
           value_temp << "*)" << vid << ')';
         } else {
           value_temp << vid;
@@ -596,9 +518,9 @@ void CodeGenC::VisitExpr_(const Load* op, std::ostream& os) {  // NOLINT(*)
         value_temp << ']';
         PrintVecElemStore(svalue, op->type, i, value_temp.str());
       }
+    }
+  }
   os << svalue;
-    }
-  }
 }
 
 void CodeGenC::VisitStmt_(const Store* op) {

src/codegen/codegen_c.h

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
 #include <unordered_map>
+#include "./codegen_source_base.h"
 
 namespace tvm {
 namespace codegen {
@@ -25,7 +26,8 @@ using namespace ir;
  */
 class CodeGenC :
       public ExprFunctor<void(const Expr&, std::ostream&)>,
-      public StmtFunctor<void(const Stmt&)> {
+      public StmtFunctor<void(const Stmt&)>,
+      public CodeGenSourceBase {
  public:
   /*!
    * \brief Initialize the code generator.
@@ -64,26 +66,6 @@ class CodeGenC :
     PrintExpr(n, os);
     return os.str();
   }
-  /*! \brief print the current indented value */
-  void PrintIndent();
-  /*!
-   * \brief Register constant value appeared in expresion tree
-   *  This avoid generated a ssa id for each appearance of the value
-   * \param value The constant value.
-   */
-  void MarkConst(std::string value);
-  /*!
-   * \brief Allocate a variable name for a newly defined var.
-   * \param v The variable.
-   * \return the variable name.
-   */
-  std::string AllocVarID(const Variable* v);
-  /*!
-   * \brief Get a variable name.
-   * \param v The variable.
-   * \return the variable name.
-   */
-  std::string GetVarID(const Variable* v) const;
   // The following parts are overloadable print operations.
   /*!
    * \brief Initialize codegen state for generating f.
@@ -164,43 +146,12 @@ class CodeGenC :
   virtual void PrintVecElemStore(
       const std::string& vec, Type t, int i, const std::string& value);
 
+
  protected:
-  /*! \brief the stream to be printed */
-  std::ostringstream stream;
-  /*! \brief entry in ssa assign map */
-  struct SSAEntry {
-    /*! \brief The value id */
-    std::string vid;
-    /*! \brief The scope id */
-    int scope_id;
-  };
   // print reference to a buffer as type t in index.
   void PrintBufferRef(const Variable* buffer,
                       Type t, Expr index,
                       std::ostream& os);  // NOLINT(*)
-  /*!
-   * \brief Get the SSA ID corresponds to src
-   *  If necessary, generate new assignment
-   * \param src The source expression
-   * \param t The type of the expression.
-   */
-  std::string SSAGetID(std::string src, Type t);
-  /*!
-   * \brief get a unique name with the corresponding prefix
-   * \param prefix The prefix of the name
-   * \return The returned name.
-   */
-  std::string GetUniqueName(std::string prefix);
-  /*!
-   * \brief mark the beginning of a new scope
-   * \return The scope id.
-   */
-  int BeginScope();
-  /*!
-   * \brief mark the end of an old scope.
-   * \param scope_id The scope id to be ended.
-   */
-  void EndScope(int scope_id);
   /*!
    * \brief If buffer is allocated as type t.
    * \param buf_var The buffer variable.
@@ -213,30 +164,17 @@ class CodeGenC :
    * \param t The type to be checked.
    */
   void RegisterHandleType(const Variable* buf_var, Type t);
-  /*!
+  // override
-   * \brief Get the storage scope of buf_var.
+  void PrintSSAAssign(
-   * \param buf_var The buf_var to be queryed.
+      const std::string& target, const std::string& src, Type t) final;
-   * \return The storage scope.
-   */
-  std::string GetStorageScope(const Variable* buf_var) const;
   /*! \brief the storage scope of allocation */
   std::unordered_map<const Variable*, std::string> alloc_storage_scope_;
 
  private:
   /*! \brief whether to print in SSA form */
   bool print_ssa_form_{true};
-  /*! \brief name allocation map */
-  std::unordered_map<std::string, int> name_alloc_map_;
-  /*! \brief assignment map of ssa */
-  std::unordered_map<std::string, SSAEntry> ssa_assign_map_;
-  /*! \brief name of each variable */
-  std::unordered_map<const Variable*, std::string> var_idmap_;
   /*! \brief the data type of allocated buffers */
   std::unordered_map<const Variable*, Type> handle_data_type_;
-  /*! \brief array to check whether we are inside certain scope */
-  std::vector<bool> scope_mark_;
-  /*! \brief The current indentation value */
-  int indent{0};
 };
 
 }  // namespace codegen

src/codegen/codegen_source_base.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+/*!
+ *  Copyright (c) 2017 by Contributors
+ * \file codegen_source_base.cc
+ */
+#include "./codegen_source_base.h"
+
+namespace tvm {
+namespace codegen {
+
+void CodeGenSourceBase::ClearFuncState() {
+  name_alloc_map_.clear();
+  ssa_assign_map_.clear();
+  var_idmap_.clear();
+  scope_mark_.clear();
+}
+
+std::string CodeGenSourceBase::GetUniqueName(std::string prefix) {
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < prefix.size(); ++i) {
+    if (prefix[i] == '.') prefix[i] = '_';
+  }
+  auto it = name_alloc_map_.find(prefix);
+  if (it != name_alloc_map_.end()) {
+    while (true) {
+      std::ostringstream os;
+      os << prefix << (++it->second);
+      std::string name = os.str();
+      if (name_alloc_map_.count(name) == 0) {
+        prefix = name;
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  name_alloc_map_[prefix] = 0;
+  return prefix;
+}
+
+std::string CodeGenSourceBase::SSAGetID(std::string src, Type t) {
+  if (name_alloc_map_.count(src)) return src;
+  auto it = ssa_assign_map_.find(src);
+  if (it != ssa_assign_map_.end()) {
+    if (scope_mark_.at(it->second.scope_id)) {
+      return it->second.vid;
+    }
+  }
+  SSAEntry e;
+  e.vid = GetUniqueName("_");
+  e.scope_id = static_cast<int>(scope_mark_.size() - 1);
+  ssa_assign_map_[src] = e;
+  this->PrintIndent();
+  PrintSSAAssign(e.vid, src, t);
+  return e.vid;
+}
+
+std::string CodeGenSourceBase::AllocVarID(const Variable* v) {
+  CHECK(!var_idmap_.count(v))
+      << "Need input to be in SSA form dup " << v->name_hint;
+  std::string key = v->name_hint;
+  std::string vid = GetUniqueName(key);
+  var_idmap_[v] = vid;
+  return vid;
+}
+
+std::string CodeGenSourceBase::GetVarID(const Variable* v) const {
+  auto it = var_idmap_.find(v);
+  CHECK(it != var_idmap_.end())
+      << "Find undefined Variable " << v->name_hint;
+  return it->second;
+}
+
+void CodeGenSourceBase::PrintIndent() {
+  for (int i = 0; i < indent_; ++i) {
+    this->stream << ' ';
+  }
+}
+
+void CodeGenSourceBase::MarkConst(std::string vid) {
+  auto it = ssa_assign_map_.find(vid);
+  if (it == ssa_assign_map_.end()) {
+    SSAEntry e;
+    e.vid = vid;
+    e.scope_id = 0;
+    ssa_assign_map_[vid] = e;
+  } else {
+    CHECK_EQ(it->second.vid, vid);
+  }
+}
+
+int CodeGenSourceBase::BeginScope() {
+  int sid = static_cast<int>(scope_mark_.size());
+  scope_mark_.push_back(true);
+  indent_ += 2;
+  return sid;
+}
+
+void CodeGenSourceBase::EndScope(int scope_id) {
+  scope_mark_[scope_id] = false;
+  indent_ -= 2;
+}
+
+}  // namespace codegen
+}  // namespace tvm

src/codegen/codegen_source_base.h

@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+/*!
+ *  Copyright (c) 2018 by Contributors
+ * \file codegen_source_base.h
+ * \brief Common utilities to source code in text form.
+ */
+#ifndef TVM_CODEGEN_CODEGEN_SOURCE_BASE_H_
+#define TVM_CODEGEN_CODEGEN_SOURCE_BASE_H_
+
+#include <tvm/ir.h>
+#include <tvm/codegen.h>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+#include <unordered_map>
+
+namespace tvm {
+namespace codegen {
+
+/*!
+ * \brief A base class to generate source code.
+ * Contains helper utilities to generate nest and ssa form.
+ */
+class CodeGenSourceBase {
+ public:
+  /*!
+   * \brief Register constant value appeared in expresion tree
+   *  This avoid generated a ssa id for each appearance of the value
+   * \param value The constant value.
+   */
+  void MarkConst(std::string value);
+
+ protected:
+  /*! \brief entry in ssa assign map */
+  struct SSAEntry {
+    /*! \brief The value id */
+    std::string vid;
+    /*! \brief The scope id, used to check if this entry is invalid. */
+    int scope_id;
+  };
+  /*! \brief Clear the states that might relates to function generation */
+  void ClearFuncState();
+  /*! \brief print the current indented value */
+  void PrintIndent();
+  /*!
+   * \brief Allocate a variable name for a newly defined var.
+   * \param v The variable.
+   * \return the variable name.
+   */
+  std::string AllocVarID(const Variable* v);
+  /*!
+   * \brief Get a variable name.
+   * \param v The variable.
+   * \return the variable name.
+   */
+  std::string GetVarID(const Variable* v) const;
+  /*!
+   * \brief Get the SSA ID corresponds to src
+   *  If necessary, generate new assignment
+   * \param src The source expression
+   * \param t The type of the expression.
+   */
+  std::string SSAGetID(std::string src, Type t);
+  /*!
+   * \brief get a unique name with the corresponding prefix
+   * \param prefix The prefix of the name
+   * \return The returned name.
+   */
+  std::string GetUniqueName(std::string prefix);
+  /*!
+   * \brief mark the beginning of a new scope
+   * \return The scope id.
+   */
+  int BeginScope();
+  /*!
+   * \brief mark the end of an old scope.
+   * \param scope_id The scope id to be ended.
+   */
+  void EndScope(int scope_id);
+  /*!
+   * \brief Print assignment of src to the id in ssa entry.
+   * \param target id of target variable.
+   * \param src The source expression.
+   * \param t The type of target.
+   */
+  virtual void PrintSSAAssign(
+      const std::string& target, const std::string& src, Type t) = 0;
+
+  /*! \brief the stream to be printed */
+  std::ostringstream stream;
+  /*! \brief name of each variable */
+  std::unordered_map<const Variable*, std::string> var_idmap_;
+
+ private:
+  /*! \brief assignment map of ssa */
+  std::unordered_map<std::string, SSAEntry> ssa_assign_map_;
+  /*! \brief name allocation map */
+  std::unordered_map<std::string, int> name_alloc_map_;
+  /*! \brief array to check whether we are inside certain scope */
+  std::vector<bool> scope_mark_;
+  /*! \brief The current indentation value */
+  int indent_{0};
+};
+
+}  // namespace codegen
+}  // namespace tvm
+#endif  // TVM_CODEGEN_CODEGEN_SOURCE_BASE_H_

src/codegen/verilog/codegen_verilog.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,724 @@
+/*!
+ *  Copyright (c) 2017 by Contributors
+ * \file codegen_verilog.cc
+ */
+#include <tvm/ir_pass.h>
+#include <cctype>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <iostream>
+#include "./codegen_verilog.h"
+#include "../../arithmetic/compute_expr.h"
+
+namespace tvm {
+namespace codegen {
+namespace verilog {
+
+using namespace ir;
+
+void CodeGenVerilog::Init() {
+  stream << "`include \"tvm_marcos.v\"\n\n";
+}
+
+void CodeGenVerilog::InitFuncState(LoweredFunc f) {
+  CodeGenSourceBase::ClearFuncState();
+  cmap_.clear();
+  tvm_vpi_modules_.clear();
+  done_sigs_.clear();
+}
+
+void CodeGenVerilog::AddFunction(LoweredFunc f) {
+  // clear previous generated state.
+  this->InitFuncState(f);
+  // skip the first underscore, so SSA variable starts from _1
+  GetUniqueName("_");
+  GetUniqueName("rst");
+  GetUniqueName("clk");
+  GetUniqueName("done");
+  GetUniqueName("enable");
+  GetUniqueName("all_input_valid");
+  // print out function body.
+  int func_scope = this->BeginScope();
+
+  // Stich things up.
+  stream << "module " << f->name << "(\n";
+  PrintDecl("clk", kInput, Bool(1), "");
+  stream << ",\n";
+  PrintDecl("rst", kInput, Bool(1), "");
+  VerilogFuncEntry entry;
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < f->args.size(); ++i) {
+    stream << ",\n";
+    Var v = f->args[i];
+    std::string vid = AllocVarID(v.get());
+    entry.arg_ids.push_back(vid);
+    entry.arg_types.push_back(v.type());
+    PrintDecl(vid, kInput, v.type(), "");
+  }
+  stream << ",\n";
+  PrintDecl("done", kOutput, Bool(1), "");
+  stream << "\n);\n";
+  this->CodeGen(MakePipeline(f));
+  PrintAssignAnd("done", done_sigs_);
+  this->EndScope(func_scope);
+  this->PrintIndent();
+  stream << "endmodule\n";
+  entry.vpi_modules = std::move(tvm_vpi_modules_);
+  functions_[f->name] = entry;
+}
+
+std::string VerilogCodeGenModule::AppendSimMain(
+    const std::string& func_name) const {
+  // Add main function for simulator hook
+  const VerilogFuncEntry& entry = fmap.at(func_name);
+  std::ostringstream stream;
+  stream << code;
+  stream << "\n"
+         << "module main();\n"
+         << "  `TVM_DEFINE_TEST_SIGNAL(clk, rst)\n";
+  // print out function body.
+  std::vector<std::string> sargs;
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < entry.arg_types.size(); ++i) {
+    Type t = entry.arg_types[i];
+    std::ostringstream sarg;
+    sarg << "tvm_arg" << i;
+    std::string vid = sarg.str();
+    stream << "  reg";
+    if (t.bits() > 1) {
+      stream << "["  << t.bits() - 1 << ":0]";
+    }
+    stream << " " << vid << ";\n";
+    sargs.push_back(vid);
+  }
+  stream << "  wire done;\n";
+  stream << "\n  " << func_name << " dut(\n"
+         << "    .clk(clk),\n"
+         << "    .rst(rst),\n";
+
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < entry.arg_ids.size(); ++i) {
+    stream << "    ." << entry.arg_ids[i] << '('
+           << sargs[i] << "),\n";
+  }
+  stream << "    .done(done)\n"
+         << "  );\n";
+
+
+  stream << "  initial begin\n"
+         << "    $tvm_session(clk";
+  for (const std::string& mvpi : entry.vpi_modules) {
+    stream << ", dut." << mvpi;
+  }
+  stream << ");\n"
+         << "  end\n";
+  stream << "endmodule\n";
+  return stream.str();
+}
+
+VerilogCodeGenModule CodeGenVerilog::Finish() {
+  VerilogCodeGenModule m;
+  m.code = stream.str();
+  m.fmap = std::move(functions_);
+  return m;
+}
+
+void CodeGenVerilog::PrintDecl(
+    const std::string& vid, VerilogVarType vtype, Type dtype,
+    const char* suffix, bool indent) {
+  if (indent) PrintIndent();
+  switch (vtype) {
+    case kReg:  stream << "reg "; break;
+    case kWire: stream << "wire "; break;
+    case kInput: stream << "input "; break;
+    case kOutput: stream << "output "; break;
+    default: LOG(FATAL) << "unsupported vtype=" << vtype;
+  }
+  int bits = dtype.bits();
+  // bits for handle type.
+  if (dtype.is_handle()) {
+    bits = 64;
+  }
+  if (bits > 1) {
+    stream << "[" << bits - 1 << ":0] ";
+  }
+  stream << vid << suffix;
+}
+
+void CodeGenVerilog::PrintSSAAssign(
+    const std::string& target, const std::string& src, Type t) {
+  // add target to list of declaration.
+  PrintDecl(target, kWire, t, ";\n", false);
+  PrintAssign(target, src);
+}
+
+void CodeGenVerilog::PrintAssign(
+    const std::string& target, const std::string& src) {
+  PrintIndent();
+  stream << "assign " << target << " = ";
+  if (src.length() > 3 &&
+      src[0] == '(' && src[src.length() - 1] == ')') {
+    stream << src.substr(1, src.length() - 2);
+  } else {
+    stream << src;
+  }
+  stream << ";\n";
+}
+
+void CodeGenVerilog::PrintAssignAnd(
+    const std::string& target, const std::vector<std::string>& conds) {
+  if (conds.size() != 0) {
+    std::ostringstream os_valid;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < conds.size(); ++i) {
+      if (i != 0) os_valid << " && ";
+      os_valid << conds[i];
+    }
+    PrintAssign(target, os_valid.str());
+  } else {
+    PrintAssign(target, "1");
+  }
+}
+
+void CodeGenVerilog::PrintLine(const std::string& line) {
+  PrintIndent();
+  stream << line << '\n';
+}
+
+VerilogValue CodeGenVerilog::MakeBinary(Type t,
+                                        VerilogValue a,
+                                        VerilogValue b,
+                                        const char *opstr) {
+  CHECK_EQ(t.lanes(), 1)
+      << "Do not yet support vectorized op";
+  CHECK(t.is_int() || t.is_uint())
+      << "Only support integer operations";
+  std::ostringstream os;
+  os << a.vid << ' ' << opstr << ' '<< b.vid;
+  return GetSSAValue(os.str(), t);
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+inline VerilogValue IntConst(const T* op, CodeGenVerilog* p) {
+  if (op->type.bits() <= 32 && op->type.lanes() == 1) {
+    std::ostringstream temp;
+    temp << op->value;
+    p->MarkConst(temp.str());
+    return VerilogValue(temp.str(), kConst, op->type);
+  } else {
+    LOG(FATAL) << "Do not support integer constant type " << op->type;
+    return VerilogValue();
+  }
+}
+
+VerilogValue CodeGenVerilog::VisitExpr_(const IntImm *op) {
+  return IntConst(op, this);
+}
+VerilogValue CodeGenVerilog::VisitExpr_(const UIntImm *op) {
+  return IntConst(op, this);
+}
+VerilogValue CodeGenVerilog::VisitExpr_(const FloatImm *op) {
+  LOG(FATAL) << "Donot support float constant in Verilog";
+  return VerilogValue();
+}
+VerilogValue CodeGenVerilog::VisitExpr_(const StringImm *op) {
+  LOG(FATAL) << "Donot support string constant in Verilog";
+  return VerilogValue();
+}
+
+VerilogValue CodeGenVerilog::VisitExpr_(const Cast *op) {
+  LOG(FATAL) << "Type cast not supported";
+  return VerilogValue();
+}
+VerilogValue CodeGenVerilog::VisitExpr_(const Variable *op) {
+  return VerilogValue(GetVarID(op), kReg, op->type);
+}
+
+VerilogValue CodeGenVerilog::VisitExpr_(const Add *op) {
+  return MakeBinary(op->type, MakeValue(op->a), MakeValue(op->b), "+");
+}
+VerilogValue CodeGenVerilog::VisitExpr_(const Sub *op) {
+  return MakeBinary(op->type, MakeValue(op->a), MakeValue(op->b), "-");
+}
+VerilogValue CodeGenVerilog::VisitExpr_(const Mul *op) {
+  return MakeBinary(op->type, MakeValue(op->a), MakeValue(op->b), "*");
+}
+VerilogValue CodeGenVerilog::VisitExpr_(const Div *op) {
+  int shift;
+  if (is_const_power_of_two_integer(op->b, &shift) &&
+      (op->type.is_int() || op->type.is_uint())) {
+    return MakeValue(op->a >> make_const(op->b.type(), shift));
+  } else {
+    LOG(FATAL) << "do not support synthesis division";
+  }
+  return VerilogValue();
+}
+VerilogValue CodeGenVerilog::VisitExpr_(const Mod *op) {
+  LOG(FATAL) << "do not support synthesis Mod";
+  return VerilogValue();
+}
+VerilogValue CodeGenVerilog::VisitExpr_(const Min *op) {
+  LOG(FATAL) << "not supported";
+  return VerilogValue();
+}
+VerilogValue CodeGenVerilog::VisitExpr_(const Max *op) {
+  LOG(FATAL) << "not supported";
+  return VerilogValue();
+}
+VerilogValue CodeGenVerilog::VisitExpr_(const EQ *op) {
+  return MakeBinary(op->type, MakeValue(op->a), MakeValue(op->b), "==");
+}
+VerilogValue CodeGenVerilog::VisitExpr_(const NE *op) {
+  return MakeBinary(op->type, MakeValue(op->a), MakeValue(op->b), "!=");
+}
+VerilogValue CodeGenVerilog::VisitExpr_(const LT *op) {
+  return MakeBinary(op->type, MakeValue(op->a), MakeValue(op->b), "<");
+}
+VerilogValue CodeGenVerilog::VisitExpr_(const LE *op) {
+  return MakeBinary(op->type, MakeValue(op->a), MakeValue(op->b), "<=");
+}
+VerilogValue CodeGenVerilog::VisitExpr_(const GT *op) {
+  return MakeBinary(op->type, MakeValue(op->a), MakeValue(op->b), ">");
+}
+VerilogValue CodeGenVerilog::VisitExpr_(const GE *op) {
+  return MakeBinary(op->type, MakeValue(op->a), MakeValue(op->b), ">=");
+}
+VerilogValue CodeGenVerilog::VisitExpr_(const And *op) {
+  return MakeBinary(op->type, MakeValue(op->a), MakeValue(op->b), "&&");
+}
+VerilogValue CodeGenVerilog::VisitExpr_(const Or *op) {
+  return MakeBinary(op->type, MakeValue(op->a), MakeValue(op->b), "||");
+}
+VerilogValue CodeGenVerilog::VisitExpr_(const Not *op) {
+  VerilogValue value = MakeValue(op->a);
+  std::ostringstream os;
+  os << "(!" << value.vid << ")";
+  return GetSSAValue(os.str(), op->type);
+}
+
+VerilogValue CodeGenVerilog::VisitExpr_(const Call *op) {
+  if (op->is_intrinsic(Call::bitwise_and)) {
+    return MakeBinary(
+        op->type, MakeValue(op->args[0]), MakeValue(op->args[1]), "&");
+  } else if (op->is_intrinsic(Call::bitwise_xor)) {
+    return MakeBinary(
+        op->type, MakeValue(op->args[0]), MakeValue(op->args[1]), "^");
+  } else if (op->is_intrinsic(Call::bitwise_or)) {
+    return MakeBinary(
+        op->type, MakeValue(op->args[0]), MakeValue(op->args[1]), "|");
+  } else if (op->is_intrinsic(Call::bitwise_not)) {
+    VerilogValue value = MakeValue(op->args[0]);
+    std::ostringstream os;
+    os << "(~" << value.vid << ")";
+    return GetSSAValue(os.str(), op->type);
+  } else if (op->is_intrinsic(Call::shift_left)) {
+    return MakeBinary(
+        op->type, MakeValue(op->args[0]), MakeValue(op->args[1]), "<<");
+  } else if (op->is_intrinsic(Call::shift_right)) {
+    return MakeBinary(
+        op->type, MakeValue(op->args[0]), MakeValue(op->args[1]), ">>");
+  } else {
+    LOG(FATAL) << "Cannot generate call type " << op->name;
+    return VerilogValue();
+  }
+}
+
+VerilogValue CodeGenVerilog::VisitExpr_(const Let* op) {
+  VerilogValue value = MakeValue(op->value);
+  CHECK(!var_idmap_.count(op->var.get()));
+  var_idmap_[op->var.get()] = value.vid;
+  return value;
+}
+
+VerilogValue CodeGenVerilog::VisitExpr_(const Ramp* op) {
+  LOG(FATAL) << "Ramp: not supported ";
+  return VerilogValue();
+}
+
+VerilogValue CodeGenVerilog::VisitExpr_(const Broadcast* op) {
+  LOG(FATAL) << "Broadcast: not supported ";
+  return VerilogValue();
+}
+
+VerilogValue CodeGenVerilog::VisitExpr_(const Select* op) {
+  LOG(FATAL) << "Select: not supported ";
+  return VerilogValue();
+}
+
+void CodeGenVerilog::CodeGen(const Pipeline& pipeline) {
+  // setup channel map.
+  for (auto kv : pipeline->channels) {
+    ChannelEntry e; e.block = kv.second;
+    cmap_[kv.first.get()] = e;
+  }
+  for (ComputeBlock stage : pipeline->stages) {
+    const Store* store = stage->body.as<Store>();
+    CHECK(store);
+    const Load* load = store->value.as<Load>();
+    if (load) {
+      MakeLoadToFIFO(stage, store, load);
+    } else {
+      MakeStore(stage, store);
+    }
+  }
+  for (const auto& kv : cmap_) {
+    MakeChannelUnit(kv.second);
+  }
+}
+
+CodeGenVerilog::SignalEntry
+CodeGenVerilog::MakeLoop(const Array<Stmt>& loop) {
+  SignalEntry sig;
+  // do not use init signal for now.
+  std::string init = "0";
+  std::string lp_ready = GetUniqueName("lp_tmp_sig");
+  sig.ready = GetUniqueName("loop_ready");
+  sig.valid = GetUniqueName("loop_valid");
+  PrintLine("// loop logic");
+  PrintDecl(lp_ready, kWire, Bool(1));
+  PrintDecl(sig.ready, kWire, Bool(1));
+
+  std::string end_loop = lp_ready;
+  for (size_t i = loop.size(); i != 0; --i) {
+    const For* for_op = loop[i - 1].as<For>();
+    int bits = for_op->loop_var.type().bits();
+    VerilogValue min = MakeValue(for_op->min);
+    VerilogValue extent = MakeValue(for_op->extent);
+    CHECK(min.vtype == kConst && extent.vtype == kConst)
+        << "Only support constant loop domain";
+
+    std::string vid = AllocVarID(for_op->loop_var.get());
+    std::string finish = GetUniqueName(vid + "_finish");
+    this->PrintIndent();
+    stream <<"`NONSTOP_LOOP(" << vid << ", " << bits << ", " << init
+           << ", " << end_loop << ", " << finish
+           << ", " << min.vid << ", " << extent.vid << ")\n";
+    end_loop = finish;
+  }
+  if (loop.size() != 0) {
+    std::string local_ready = GetUniqueName("lp_tmp_sig");
+    this->PrintIndent();
+    stream <<"`WRAP_LOOP_ONCE(" << init << ", " << sig.valid
+           << ", " << sig.ready << ", " << end_loop << ", " << local_ready << ")\n";
+    PrintAssign(lp_ready, local_ready);
+  }
+  return sig;
+}
+
+void CodeGenVerilog::MakeStageInputs(
+    const ComputeBlock& block,
+    const std::string& enable,
+    std::string* out_all_input_valid) {
+  std::vector<SignalEntry> sigs;
+  sigs.push_back(MakeLoop(block->loop));
+  // Input data path.
+  PrintLine("// stage inputs");
+  for (auto kv : block->inputs) {
+    const Var& var = kv.first;
+    const StageInput& arg = kv.second;
+    std::string vid = AllocVarID(var.get());
+    this->PrintDecl(vid, kWire, var.type());
+    if (arg->input_type == kGlobalConst ||
+        arg->input_type == kLoopVar) {
+      PrintAssign(vid, GetVarID(arg->var.get()));
+    } else if (arg->input_type == kChannel) {
+      std::string vid_valid = GetUniqueName(vid + "_valid");
+      std::string vid_ready = GetUniqueName(vid + "_ready");
+      this->PrintDecl(vid_valid, kWire, Bool(1));
+      this->PrintDecl(vid_ready, kWire, Bool(1));
+      ChannelEntry* e = GetChannelInfo(arg->var.get());
+      // TODO(tqchen, thierry) add one cache here.
+      e->AssignPort("read_data", vid, var.type());
+      e->AssignPort("read_valid", vid_valid, Bool(1));
+      e->AssignPort("read_ready", vid_ready, Bool(1));
+      e->AssignPort("read_addr", "0", Int(1));
+      sigs.push_back(SignalEntry{vid_valid, vid_ready});
+    } else {
+      LOG(FATAL) << "Unknown input type";
+    }
+  }
+
+  PrintLine("// stage input stall");
+  std::string all_input_valid = GetUniqueName("all_input_valid");
+  this->PrintDecl(all_input_valid, kWire, Bool(1));
+  // forward all valid
+  std::vector<std::string> valid_conds;
+  for (const SignalEntry& e : sigs) {
+    if (e.valid.length() != 0) {
+      valid_conds.push_back(e.valid);
+    }
+  }
+  PrintAssignAnd(all_input_valid, valid_conds);
+  // input ready signal
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < sigs.size(); ++i) {
+    if (sigs[i].ready.length() == 0) continue;
+    std::vector<std::string> conds = {enable};
+    for (size_t j = 0; j < sigs.size(); ++j) {
+      if (j != i && sigs[j].valid.length() != 0) {
+        conds.push_back(sigs[j].valid);
+      }
+    }
+    PrintAssignAnd(sigs[i].ready, conds);
+  }
+  *out_all_input_valid = all_input_valid;
+}
+
+void CodeGenVerilog::MakeDelay(const std::string& dst,
+                               const std::string& src,
+                               Type dtype,
+                               int delay,
+                               const std::string& enable) {
+  PrintIndent();
+  stream << "`DELAY(" << dst << ", " << src << ", "
+         << dtype.bits() << ", " << delay << ", " << enable << ")\n";
+}
+
+void CodeGenVerilog::MakeStore(const ComputeBlock& block,
+                               const Store* store) {
+  std::string all_input_valid;
+  std::string enable = GetUniqueName("enable");
+  this->PrintDecl(enable, kWire, Bool(1));
+  MakeStageInputs(block, enable, &all_input_valid);
+  // Data path
+  PrintLine("// data path");
+  VerilogValue value = MakeValue(store->value);
+  VerilogValue index = MakeValue(store->index);
+  PrintLine("// control and retiming");
+  ChannelEntry* write_entry = GetChannelInfo(store->buffer_var.get());
+  // TODO(tqchen, thierry) add delay model from expression.a
+  int delay = 2;
+  std::string ch_name = write_entry->block->channel->handle_var->name_hint;
+  std::string write_addr = GetUniqueName(ch_name + ".write_addr");
+  std::string write_ready = GetUniqueName(ch_name + ".write_ready");
+  std::string write_valid = GetUniqueName(ch_name + ".write_valid");
+  std::string write_data = GetUniqueName(ch_name + ".write_data");
+  PrintDecl(write_addr, kWire, store->index.type());
+  PrintDecl(write_ready, kWire, Bool(1));
+  PrintDecl(write_valid, kWire, Bool(1));
+  PrintDecl(write_data, kWire, store->value.type());
+
+  MakeDelay(write_addr, index.vid, store->index.type(), delay, enable);
+  MakeDelay(write_data, value.vid, store->value.type(), delay, enable);
+  MakeDelay(write_valid, all_input_valid, Bool(1), delay, enable);
+  PrintAssign(enable, "!" + write_valid + " || " + write_ready);
+  write_entry->AssignPort("write_addr", write_addr, store->index.type());
+  write_entry->AssignPort("write_ready", write_ready, Bool(1));
+  write_entry->AssignPort("write_valid", write_valid, Bool(1));
+  write_entry->AssignPort("write_data", write_data, store->value.type());
+  // The triggers
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < block->triggers.size(); ++i) {
+    SignalTrigger trigger = block->triggers[i];
+    CHECK(trigger->predicate.type() == Bool(1));
+    ChannelEntry* trigger_ch = GetChannelInfo(trigger->channel_var.get());
+    std::string port = trigger_ch->SignalPortName(trigger->signal_index);
+    VerilogValue v = MakeValue(trigger->predicate);
+    // Assign constant trigger.
+    if (v.vtype == kConst) {
+      trigger_ch->AssignPort(port, v.vid, Bool(1));
+    } else {
+      // non-constant trigger
+      CHECK_EQ(trigger_ch, write_entry)
+          << "Can only triggger conditional event at write channel";
+      std::string v_trigger = GetUniqueName(ch_name + "." + port);
+      MakeDelay(v_trigger, v.vid, Bool(1), delay, enable);
+      write_entry->AssignPort(port, v_trigger, Bool(1));
+    }
+  }
+  stream << "\n";
+}
+
+void CodeGenVerilog::MakeLoadToFIFO(const ComputeBlock& block,
+                                    const Store* store,
+                                    const Load* load) {
+  ChannelEntry* write_entry = GetChannelInfo(store->buffer_var.get());
+  ChannelEntry* load_entry = GetChannelInfo(load->buffer_var.get());
+  std::string all_input_valid;
+  std::string enable = GetUniqueName("enable");
+  this->PrintDecl(enable, kWire, Bool(1));
+  MakeStageInputs(block, enable, &all_input_valid);
+  // data path
+  PrintLine("// data path");
+  VerilogValue index = MakeValue(load->index);
+  // control and retiming
+  PrintLine("// control and retiming");
+  // TODO(tqchen, thierry) add delay model from expression
+  int delay = 1;
+  std::string read_ch_name = load_entry->block->channel->handle_var->name_hint;
+  std::string write_ch_name = write_entry->block->channel->handle_var->name_hint;
+  std::string read_addr = GetUniqueName(read_ch_name + ".read_addr");
+  std::string read_data = GetUniqueName(read_ch_name + ".read_data");
+  std::string read_valid = GetUniqueName(read_ch_name + ".read_valid");
+  std::string index_valid = GetUniqueName(read_ch_name + ".index_valid");
+  std::string write_ready = GetUniqueName(write_ch_name + ".write_ready");
+  std::string data_valid = GetUniqueName(read_ch_name + ".data_valid");
+  std::string valid_delay = GetUniqueName(read_ch_name + ".valid_delay");
+  PrintDecl(read_addr, kWire, load->index.type());
+  PrintDecl(read_data, kWire, load->type);
+  PrintDecl(read_valid, kWire, Bool(1));
+  PrintDecl(index_valid, kWire, Bool(1));
+  PrintDecl(data_valid, kWire, Bool(1));
+  MakeDelay(read_addr, index.vid, load->index.type(), delay, enable);
+  MakeDelay(index_valid, all_input_valid, Bool(1), delay, enable);
+  PrintAssignAnd(data_valid, {read_valid, index_valid});
+  // The read ports.
+  load_entry->AssignPort("read_addr", read_addr, load->index.type());
+  load_entry->AssignPort("read_data", read_data, load->type);
+  load_entry->AssignPort("read_valid", read_valid, Bool(1));
+  // The write ports.
+  write_entry->AssignPort("write_ready", write_ready, Bool(1));
+  write_entry->AssignPort("write_data", read_data, load->type);
+  write_entry->AssignPort("write_valid", valid_delay, Bool(1));
+  write_entry->AssignPort("write_addr", "0", Int(1));
+  // The not stall condition.
+  PrintAssignAnd(enable, {write_ready, read_valid});
+  // The ready signal
+  PrintIndent();
+  stream << "`BUFFER_READ_VALID_DELAY(" << valid_delay << ", " << data_valid
+         << ", " << write_ready << ")\n";
+  // The triggers
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < block->triggers.size(); ++i) {
+    SignalTrigger trigger = block->triggers[i];
+    CHECK(trigger->predicate.type() == Bool(1));
+    ChannelEntry* trigger_ch = GetChannelInfo(trigger->channel_var.get());
+    std::string port = trigger_ch->SignalPortName(trigger->signal_index);
+    VerilogValue v = MakeValue(trigger->predicate);
+    // Assign constant trigger.
+    if (v.vtype == kConst) {
+      trigger_ch->AssignPort(port, v.vid, Bool(1));
+    } else {
+      // non-constant trigger
+      CHECK_EQ(trigger_ch, load_entry)
+          << "Can only triggger conditional event at load channel";
+      std::string v_trigger = GetUniqueName(read_ch_name + "." + port);
+      MakeDelay(v_trigger, v.vid, Bool(1), delay, enable);
+      load_entry->AssignPort(port, v_trigger, Bool(1));
+    }
+  }
+  stream << "\n";
+}
+
+void CodeGenVerilog::MakeChannelUnit(const ChannelEntry& ch) {
+  if (ch.block->read_window == 0) {
+    // This is a memory map
+    MakeChannelMemMap(ch);
+  } else if (ch.block->read_window == 1 &&
+             ch.block->write_window == 1) {
+    MakeChannelFIFO(ch);
+  } else {
+    // general Buffer
+    MakeChannelBuffer(ch);
+  }
+}
+
+void CodeGenVerilog::MakeChannelMemMap(const ChannelEntry& ch) {
+  Var ch_var = ch.block->channel->handle_var;
+  std::string dut = GetUniqueName(ch_var->name_hint + ".mmap");
+  std::string mmap_addr = GetVarID(ch_var.get());
+
+  tvm_vpi_modules_.push_back(dut);
+  if (ch.ports.count("read_addr")) {
+    CHECK(!ch.ports.count("write_addr"))
+        << "Cannot read/write to same RAM";
+    const PortEntry& read_addr = ch.GetPort("read_addr");
+    const PortEntry& read_data = ch.GetPort("read_data");
+    const PortEntry& read_valid = ch.GetPort("read_valid");
+    stream << "  // channel setup for " << ch_var << "\n"
+           << "  tvm_vpi_read_mmap # (\n"
+           << "   .DATA_WIDTH(" << read_data.dtype.bits() << "),\n"
+           << "   .ADDR_WIDTH(" << read_addr.dtype.bits() << "),\n"
+           << "   .BASE_ADDR_WIDTH(" << ch_var.type().bits() << ")\n"
+           << "  ) " << dut << " (\n"
+           << "   .clk(clk),\n"
+           << "   .rst(rst),\n"
+           << "   .addr(" << read_addr.value << "),\n"
+           << "   .data_out(" << read_data.value << "),\n"
+           << "   .mmap_addr(" << mmap_addr << ")\n"
+           << "  );\n";
+    PrintAssign(read_valid.value, "1");
+  } else if (ch.ports.count("write_addr")) {
+    const PortEntry& write_addr = ch.GetPort("write_addr");
+    const PortEntry& write_data = ch.GetPort("write_data");
+    const PortEntry& write_valid = ch.GetPort("write_valid");
+    const PortEntry& write_ready = ch.GetPort("write_ready");
+    stream << "  // channel setup for " << ch_var << "\n"
+           << "  tvm_vpi_write_mmap # (\n"
+           << "   .DATA_WIDTH(" << write_data.dtype.bits() << "),\n"
+           << "   .ADDR_WIDTH(" << write_addr.dtype.bits() << "),\n"
+           << "   .BASE_ADDR_WIDTH(" << ch_var.type().bits() << ")\n"
+           << "  ) " << dut << " (\n"
+           << "   .clk(clk),\n"
+           << "   .rst(rst),\n"
+           << "   .addr(" << write_addr.value << "),\n"
+           << "   .data_in(" << write_data.value << "),\n"
+           << "   .en(" << write_valid.value << "),\n"
+           << "   .mmap_addr(" << mmap_addr << ")\n"
+           << "  );\n";
+    PrintAssign(write_ready.value, "1");
+    // additional control signals
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < ch.block->ctrl_signals.size(); ++i) {
+      ControlSignal sig = ch.block->ctrl_signals[i];
+      CHECK_EQ(sig->ctrl_type, kComputeFinish);
+      std::string port = ch.SignalPortName(i);
+      done_sigs_.push_back(ch.GetPort(port).value);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void CodeGenVerilog::MakeChannelFIFO(const ChannelEntry& ch) {
+  Var ch_var = ch.block->channel->handle_var;
+  std::string dut = GetUniqueName(ch_var->name_hint + ".fifo_reg");
+
+  const PortEntry& write_data = ch.GetPort("write_data");
+  const PortEntry& write_valid = ch.GetPort("write_valid");
+  const PortEntry& write_ready = ch.GetPort("write_ready");
+
+  const PortEntry& read_data = ch.GetPort("read_data");
+  const PortEntry& read_valid = ch.GetPort("read_valid");
+  const PortEntry& read_ready = ch.GetPort("read_ready");
+
+  CHECK_EQ(write_data.dtype, read_data.dtype);
+
+  stream << "  // channel setup for " << ch_var << "\n"
+         << "  `CACHE_REG(" << write_data.dtype.bits()
+         << ", " << write_data.value
+         << ", " << write_valid.value
+         << ", " << write_ready.value
+         << ", " << read_data.value
+         << ", " << read_valid.value
+         << ", " << read_ready.value
+         << ")\n";
+}
+
+void CodeGenVerilog::MakeChannelBuffer(const ChannelEntry& ch) {
+  LOG(FATAL) << "not implemeneted";
+}
+
+CodeGenVerilog::ChannelEntry*
+CodeGenVerilog::GetChannelInfo(const Variable* var) {
+  auto it = cmap_.find(var);
+  CHECK(it != cmap_.end())
+      << "cannot find channel for var " << var->name_hint;
+  return &(it->second);
+}
+
+void CodeGenVerilog::ChannelEntry::AssignPort(
+    std::string port, std::string value, Type dtype) {
+  CHECK(!ports.count(port))
+      << "port " << port
+      << " of channel " << block->channel << " has already been connected";
+  ports[port] = PortEntry{value, dtype};
+}
+
+const CodeGenVerilog::PortEntry&
+CodeGenVerilog::ChannelEntry::GetPort(const std::string& port) const {
+  auto it = ports.find(port);
+  CHECK(it != ports.end())
+      << "port " << port
+      << " of channel " << block->channel << " has not been connected";
+  return it->second;
+}
+
+std::string CodeGenVerilog::ChannelEntry::SignalPortName(int index) const {
+  CHECK_LT(static_cast<size_t>(index), block->ctrl_signals.size());
+  std::ostringstream os;
+  os << "ctrl_port" << index;
+  return os.str();
+}
+}  // namespace verilog
+}  // namespace codegen
+}  // namespace tvm

src/codegen/verilog/codegen_verilog.h

@@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
+/*!
+ *  Copyright (c) 2017 by Contributors
+ * \file codegen_verilog.h
+ * \brief Generate verilog code.
+ */
+#ifndef TVM_CODEGEN_VERILOG_CODEGEN_VERILOG_H_
+#define TVM_CODEGEN_VERILOG_CODEGEN_VERILOG_H_
+
+#include <tvm/base.h>
+#include <tvm/ir.h>
+#include <tvm/ir_functor_ext.h>
+#include <tvm/codegen.h>
+#include <tvm/lowered_func.h>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include "./verilog_ir.h"
+#include "../codegen_source_base.h"
+
+namespace tvm {
+namespace codegen {
+namespace verilog {
+using namespace ir;
+
+/* \brief The variable type in register.*/
+enum VerilogVarType {
+  kWire,
+  kInput,
+  kOutput,
+  kReg,
+  kConst
+};
+
+/*! \brief The verilog value */
+struct VerilogValue {
+  /*! \brief The variable id */
+  std::string vid;
+  /*! \brief The variable type */
+  VerilogVarType vtype{kReg};
+  /*! \brief The data type it encodes */
+  Type dtype;
+  VerilogValue() {}
+  VerilogValue(std::string vid, VerilogVarType vtype, Type dtype)
+      : vid(vid), vtype(vtype), dtype(dtype) {}
+};
+
+/*! \brief Information of each procedure function generated */
+struct VerilogFuncEntry {
+  /*! \brief The original functions */
+  std::vector<Type> arg_types;
+  /*! \brief The real argument ids of the function */
+  std::vector<std::string> arg_ids;
+  /*! \brief The VPI Modules in the function */
+  std::vector<std::string> vpi_modules;
+};
+
+/*!
+ * \brief The code module of generated verilog code.
+ */
+class VerilogCodeGenModule {
+ public:
+  /*! \brief the code of each modoules */
+  std::string code;
+  /*! \brief map of functions */
+  std::unordered_map<std::string, VerilogFuncEntry> fmap;
+  /*!
+   * \brief Generate a code that append simulator function to call func_name.
+   * \param func_name The function to be called.
+   * \return The generated code.
+   */
+  std::string AppendSimMain(const std::string& func_name) const;
+};
+
+/*!
+ * \brief Verilog generator
+ */
+class CodeGenVerilog :
+      public ExprFunctor<VerilogValue(const Expr&)>,
+      public CodeGenSourceBase {
+ public:
+  /*!
+   * \brief Initialize the code generator.
+   * \param output_ssa Whether output SSA.
+   */
+  void Init();
+  /*!
+   * \brief Add the function to the generated module.
+   * \param f The function to be compiled.
+   */
+  void AddFunction(LoweredFunc f);
+  /*!
+   * \brief Finalize the compilation and return the code.
+   * \return The code.
+   */
+  VerilogCodeGenModule Finish();
+  /*!
+   * \brief Transform expression to verilog value.
+   * \param n The expression to be printed.
+   */
+  VerilogValue MakeValue(const Expr& n) {
+    return VisitExpr(n);
+  }
+  // The following parts are overloadable print operations.
+  // expression
+  VerilogValue VisitExpr_(const Variable* op) final;
+  VerilogValue VisitExpr_(const Let* op) final;
+  VerilogValue VisitExpr_(const Call* op) final;
+  VerilogValue VisitExpr_(const Add* op) final;
+  VerilogValue VisitExpr_(const Sub* op) final;
+  VerilogValue VisitExpr_(const Mul* op) final;
+  VerilogValue VisitExpr_(const Div* op) final;
+  VerilogValue VisitExpr_(const Mod* op) final;
+  VerilogValue VisitExpr_(const Min* op) final;
+  VerilogValue VisitExpr_(const Max* op) final;
+  VerilogValue VisitExpr_(const EQ* op) final;
+  VerilogValue VisitExpr_(const NE* op) final;
+  VerilogValue VisitExpr_(const LT* op) final;
+  VerilogValue VisitExpr_(const LE* op) final;
+  VerilogValue VisitExpr_(const GT* op) final;
+  VerilogValue VisitExpr_(const GE* op) final;
+  VerilogValue VisitExpr_(const And* op) final;
+  VerilogValue VisitExpr_(const Or* op) final;
+  VerilogValue VisitExpr_(const Cast* op) final;
+  VerilogValue VisitExpr_(const Not* op) final;
+  VerilogValue VisitExpr_(const Select* op) final;
+  VerilogValue VisitExpr_(const Ramp* op) final;
+  VerilogValue VisitExpr_(const Broadcast* op) final;
+  VerilogValue VisitExpr_(const IntImm* op) final;
+  VerilogValue VisitExpr_(const UIntImm* op) final;
+  VerilogValue VisitExpr_(const FloatImm* op) final;
+  VerilogValue VisitExpr_(const StringImm* op) final;
+
+ protected:
+  void InitFuncState(LoweredFunc f);
+  void PrintDecl(const std::string& vid, VerilogVarType vtype, Type dtype,
+                 const char* suffix = ";\n", bool indent = true);
+  void PrintAssign(
+      const std::string& target, const std::string& src);
+  void PrintAssignAnd(
+      const std::string& target, const std::vector<std::string>& conds);
+  void PrintLine(const std::string& line);
+  void PrintSSAAssign(
+      const std::string& target, const std::string& src, Type t) final;
+  // make binary op
+  VerilogValue MakeBinary(Type t, VerilogValue a, VerilogValue b, const char* opstr);
+
+ private:
+  // Hand shake signal name.
+  // These name can be empty.
+  // Indicate that the signal is always true
+  // or do not need to take these signals.
+  struct SignalEntry {
+    std::string valid;
+    std::string ready;
+  };
+  // Information about port
+  struct PortEntry {
+    // The port value
+    std::string value;
+    // The data type
+    Type dtype;
+  };
+  // Channel setup
+  struct ChannelEntry {
+    // The channel block
+    ChannelBlock block;
+    // The port map, on how port is assigned.
+    std::unordered_map<std::string, PortEntry> ports;
+    // Assign port to be valueo
+    void AssignPort(std::string port, std::string value, Type dtype);
+    // Assign port to be valueo
+    const PortEntry& GetPort(const std::string& port) const;
+    // Signal port name
+    std::string SignalPortName(int index) const;
+  };
+
+  // Get wire ssa value from s
+  VerilogValue GetSSAValue(std::string s, Type dtype) {
+    VerilogValue ret;
+    ret.vid = SSAGetID(s, dtype);
+    ret.vtype = kWire;
+    ret.dtype = dtype;
+    return ret;
+  }
+  void CodeGen(const Pipeline& pipeine);
+  // codegen the delays
+  void MakeDelay(const std::string& dst,
+                 const std::string& src,
+                 Type dtype,
+                 int delay,
+                 const std::string& not_stall);
+  // codegen the loop macros
+  SignalEntry MakeLoop(const Array<Stmt>& loop);
+  // codegen the loop macros
+  void MakeStageInputs(const ComputeBlock& block,
+                       const std::string& not_stall,
+                       std::string* out_all_input_valid);
+  // codegen compute block
+  void MakeStore(const ComputeBlock& block, const Store* store);
+  // Codegen of load statement into FIFO
+  void MakeLoadToFIFO(const ComputeBlock& block,
+                      const Store* store,
+                      const Load* load);
+  // Make channel unit.
+  void MakeChannelUnit(const ChannelEntry& ch);
+  void MakeChannelFIFO(const ChannelEntry& ch);
+  void MakeChannelBuffer(const ChannelEntry& ch);
+  void MakeChannelMemMap(const ChannelEntry& ch);
+  // Get channel information
+  ChannelEntry* GetChannelInfo(const Variable* var);
+  // channel setup map.
+  std::unordered_map<const Variable*, ChannelEntry> cmap_;
+  // list of vpi modules to be hooked.
+  std::vector<std::string> tvm_vpi_modules_;
+  // The signals for done.
+  std::vector<std::string> done_sigs_;
+  // The verilog function.
+  std::unordered_map<std::string, VerilogFuncEntry> functions_;
+};
+}  // namespace verilog
+}  // namespace codegen
+}  // namespace tvm
+#endif  // TVM_CODEGEN_VERILOG_CODEGEN_VERILOG_H_

src/codegen/verilog/verilog_ir.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,284 @@
+/*!
+ *  Copyright (c) 2017 by Contributors
+ * \file verilog_ir.cc
+ */
+#include <tvm/ir_pass.h>
+#include <tvm/ir_visitor.h>
+#include <tvm/ir_mutator.h>
+#include "./verilog_ir.h"
+#include "../../arithmetic/compute_expr.h"
+
+namespace tvm {
+namespace codegen {
+namespace verilog {
+
+using namespace ir;
+
+ControlSignal ControlSignalNode::make(
+    ControlSignalType type, int advance_size) {
+  auto n = std::make_shared<ControlSignalNode>();
+  n->ctrl_type = type;
+  n->advance_size = advance_size;
+  return ControlSignal(n);
+}
+
+StageInput StageInputNode::make(Var var, StageInputType input_type) {
+  std::shared_ptr<StageInputNode> n = std::make_shared<StageInputNode>();
+  n->var = var;
+  n->input_type = input_type;
+  return StageInput(n);
+}
+
+// Replace stage inputs by placeholder, update the input map.
+class StageInputReplacer : public IRMutator {
+ public:
+  explicit StageInputReplacer(
+      const std::unordered_map<const Variable*, StageInput>& var_info)
+      : var_info_(var_info) {}
+
+  Expr Mutate_(const Variable* op, const Expr& e) final {
+    if (replace_.count(op)) {
+      return replace_.at(op);
+    }
+    auto it = var_info_.find(op);
+    if (it == var_info_.end()) return e;
+    Var new_var(it->second->var->name_hint + ".sync", op->type);
+    inputs_.Set(new_var, it->second);
+    replace_[op] = new_var;
+    return new_var;
+  }
+  Expr Mutate_(const Load* op, const Expr& e) final {
+    CHECK(is_zero(op->index))
+        << "Load should be in its own stage.";
+    if (replace_.count(op->buffer_var.get())) {
+      return replace_.at(op->buffer_var.get());
+    }
+    auto it = var_info_.find(op->buffer_var.get());
+    CHECK(it != var_info_.end())
+        << "Load from unknown channel";
+    Var data(it->second->var->name_hint + ".load.sync", op->type);
+    inputs_.Set(data, it->second);
+    replace_[op->buffer_var.get()] = data;
+    return data;
+  }
+  // inputs that get replaced.
+  Map<Var, StageInput> inputs_;
+  // replacement map
+  std::unordered_map<const Variable*, Var> replace_;
+  // Variable replacement plan.
+  const std::unordered_map<const Variable*, StageInput>& var_info_;
+};
+
+/*! \brief Extract module block */
+class PipelineExtractor: public IRVisitor {
+ public:
+  Pipeline Extract(LoweredFunc f) {
+    // Initialize the memory map channels
+    // TODO(tqchen) move the logic to explicit specification.
+    for (auto arg : f->args) {
+      if (arg.type().is_handle()) {
+        arg_handle_[arg.get()] = arg;
+      }
+    }
+    pipeline_ = std::make_shared<PipelineNode>();
+    this->Visit(f->body);
+    // setup channels
+    for (const auto &kv : cmap_) {
+      pipeline_->channels.Set(
+          kv.second.node->channel->handle_var,
+          ChannelBlock(kv.second.node));
+    }
+    pipeline_->args = f->args;
+    return Pipeline(pipeline_);
+  }
+
+  void Visit_(const AttrStmt* op) final {
+    if (op->type_key == attr::pipeline_stage_scope) {
+      CHECK(!in_pipeline_stage_);
+      in_pipeline_stage_ = true;
+      trigger_.emplace_back(std::make_pair(loop_.size(), op));
+      IRVisitor::Visit_(op);
+      trigger_.pop_back();
+      in_pipeline_stage_ = false;
+    } else if (op->type_key == attr::channel_read_advance ||
+               op->type_key == attr::channel_write_advance) {
+      trigger_.emplace_back(std::make_pair(loop_.size(), op));
+      IRVisitor::Visit_(op);
+      trigger_.pop_back();
+    } else if (op->type_key == attr::channel_read_scope ||
+               op->type_key == attr::channel_write_scope) {
+      Channel ch(op->node.node_);
+      ChannelEntry& cb = cmap_[ch->handle_var.get()];
+      if (cb.node != nullptr) {
+        CHECK(cb.node->channel.same_as(ch));
+      } else {
+        cb.node = std::make_shared<ChannelBlockNode>();
+        cb.node->channel = ch;
+      }
+      if (op->type_key == attr::channel_read_scope) {
+        CHECK_EQ(cb.read_ref_count, 0)
+            << "One channel can only be read from one consumer";
+        ++cb.read_ref_count;
+        CHECK(arith::GetConstInt(op->value, &(cb.node->read_window)))
+              << "Only supprt constant read window";
+      } else {
+        CHECK_EQ(cb.write_ref_count, 0)
+            << "One channel can only be write by one producer";
+        ++cb.write_ref_count;
+        CHECK(arith::GetConstInt(op->value, &(cb.node->write_window)))
+              << "Only supprt constant write window";
+      }
+      var_info_[ch->handle_var.get()] =
+          StageInputNode::make(ch->handle_var, kChannel);
+      IRVisitor::Visit_(op);
+      var_info_.erase(ch->handle_var.get());
+    } else {
+      IRVisitor::Visit_(op);
+    }
+  }
+  void Visit_(const Block* op) final {
+    CHECK(!in_pipeline_stage_)
+        << "Do not support serial execution inside pipeline";
+    IRVisitor::Visit_(op);
+  }
+  void Visit_(const IfThenElse* op) final {
+    LOG(FATAL) << "Not implemeneted";
+  }
+  void Visit_(const For* op) final {
+    if (in_pipeline_stage_) {
+      loop_.push_back(
+          For::make(op->loop_var, op->min, op->extent,
+                    op->for_type, op->device_api, Evaluate::make(0)));
+      var_info_[op->loop_var.get()] =
+          StageInputNode::make(Var(op->loop_var.node_), kLoopVar);
+      IRVisitor::Visit_(op);
+      var_info_.erase(op->loop_var.get());
+      loop_.pop_back();
+    } else {
+      IRVisitor::Visit_(op);
+    }
+  }
+  void Visit_(const Store* op) final {
+    // Check the access pattern
+    Channel arg_write =
+        CheckArgHandleAccess(op->buffer_var.get(), op->value.type(), false);
+    this->Visit(op->value);
+    // The replace logic
+    StageInputReplacer repl(var_info_);
+    // Setup the compute block.
+    std::shared_ptr<ComputeBlockNode> compute =
+        std::make_shared<ComputeBlockNode>();
+    compute->loop = Array<Stmt>(loop_);
+    // setup the advance triggers
+    for (const auto& e : trigger_) {
+      const AttrStmt* attr = e.second;
+      Channel ch;
+      if (attr->type_key == attr::pipeline_stage_scope) {
+        ch = arg_write;
+        if (!ch.defined()) continue;
+      } else {
+        ch = Channel(attr->node.node_);
+      }
+      std::shared_ptr<SignalTriggerNode> trigger
+          = std::make_shared<SignalTriggerNode>();
+      trigger->channel_var = ch->handle_var;
+      // predicate for the trigger
+      Expr predicate = const_true();
+      for (size_t i = e.first; i < loop_.size(); ++i) {
+        const For* loop = loop_[i].as<For>();
+        predicate = predicate &&
+            (loop->loop_var == (loop->extent - 1));
+      }
+      trigger->predicate = ir::Simplify(predicate);
+      // Add the signal back to the channels.
+      ChannelEntry& cb = cmap_.at(ch->handle_var.get());
+      trigger->signal_index = static_cast<int>(cb.node->ctrl_signals.size());
+      // Grab the advance constant size.
+      int trigger_size;
+      if (attr->type_key == attr::pipeline_stage_scope) {
+        cb.node->ctrl_signals.push_back(
+            ControlSignalNode::make(kComputeFinish, 0));
+      } else if (attr->type_key == attr::channel_read_advance) {
+        CHECK(arith::GetConstInt(attr->value, &trigger_size))
+            << "Only support constant advance size";
+        cb.node->ctrl_signals.push_back(
+            ControlSignalNode::make(kReadAdvance, trigger_size));
+      } else {
+        CHECK(arith::GetConstInt(attr->value, &trigger_size))
+            << "Only support constant advance size";
+        cb.node->ctrl_signals.push_back(
+            ControlSignalNode::make(kWriteAdvance, trigger_size));
+      }
+      compute->triggers.push_back(SignalTrigger(trigger));
+    }
+
+    // Check if we are writing to FIFO.
+    const Load* load = op->value.as<Load>();
+    if (is_zero(op->index) && load) {
+      compute->body = Store::make(
+          op->buffer_var,
+          Load::make(load->type, load->buffer_var, repl.Mutate(load->index)),
+          op->index);
+    } else {
+      compute->body = Store::make(
+          op->buffer_var, repl.Mutate(op->value), repl.Mutate(op->index));
+    }
+    compute->inputs = repl.inputs_;
+    pipeline_->stages.push_back(ComputeBlock(compute));
+  }
+  void Visit_(const LetStmt* op) final {
+    LOG(FATAL) << "cannot pass through let";
+  }
+  void Visit_(const Evaluate* op) final {
+    LOG(FATAL) << "Not implemeneted";
+  }
+  void Visit_(const Allocate* op) final {
+    CHECK(!in_pipeline_stage_);
+  }
+  void Visit_(const AssertStmt* op) final {
+    LOG(FATAL) << "Not implemeneted";
+  }
+  void Visit_(const Load* op) final {
+    CheckArgHandleAccess(op->buffer_var.get(), op->type, true);
+  }
+  Channel CheckArgHandleAccess(const Variable* var, Type dtype, bool read_access) {
+    if (!arg_handle_.count(var)) return Channel();
+    CHECK(!cmap_.count(var))
+        << "Multiple access to the same handle";
+    ChannelEntry& cb = cmap_[var];
+    cb.node = std::make_shared<ChannelBlockNode>();
+    cb.node->channel = ChannelNode::make(arg_handle_.at(var), dtype);
+    return cb.node->channel;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  // The channel information.
+  struct ChannelEntry {
+    std::shared_ptr<ChannelBlockNode> node;
+    int read_ref_count{0};
+    int write_ref_count{0};
+  };
+  // Whether we are inside the pipeline stage.
+  bool in_pipeline_stage_{false};
+  // The current loop nest
+  std::vector<Stmt> loop_;
+  // Advance signal trigger
+  std::vector<std::pair<size_t, const AttrStmt*> > trigger_;
+  // Read write scope
+  std::vector<const AttrStmt*> channel_scope_;
+  // The loop index.
+  std::unordered_map<const Variable*, StageInput> var_info_;
+  // The channel entry;
+  std::unordered_map<const Variable*, ChannelEntry> cmap_;
+  // The argument handle map
+  std::unordered_map<const Variable*, Var> arg_handle_;
+  // The result block.
+  std::shared_ptr<PipelineNode> pipeline_;
+};
+
+Pipeline MakePipeline(LoweredFunc f) {
+  return PipelineExtractor().Extract(f);
+}
+}  // namespace verilog
+}  // namespace codegen
+}  // namespace tvm

src/codegen/verilog/verilog_ir.h

@@ -0,0 +1,188 @@
+/*!
+ *  Copyright (c) 2017 by Contributors
+ * \file verilog_ir.h
+ * \brief A lowered IR that resembles verilog blocks,
+ *   This is data structure before final codegen.
+ */
+#ifndef TVM_CODEGEN_VERILOG_VERILOG_IR_H_
+#define TVM_CODEGEN_VERILOG_VERILOG_IR_H_
+
+#include <tvm/ir.h>
+#include <tvm/expr.h>
+#include <tvm/channel.h>
+#include <tvm/lowered_func.h>
+#include <vector>
+#include <memory>
+#include <unordered_map>
+
+namespace tvm {
+namespace codegen {
+namespace verilog {
+
+/*! \brief The data argument type */
+enum StageInputType : int {
+  /*! \brief Data channel input. */
+  kChannel,
+  /*! \brief Loop variable generated by compute block. */
+  kLoopVar,
+  /*! \brief Global constant. */
+  kGlobalConst
+};
+
+/*! \brief The data argument type */
+enum ControlSignalType : int {
+  // Read advance signal
+  kReadAdvance,
+  // Write advance signal
+  kWriteAdvance,
+  // Pipeline stage finish signal
+  kComputeFinish
+};
+
+class ControlSignal;
+class StageInput;
+class SignalTrigger;
+
+/*! \brief The control signal of a channel */
+struct ControlSignalNode : public Node {
+  /*! \brief The control signal type */
+  ControlSignalType ctrl_type;
+  /*! \brief Advance size of the signal */
+  int advance_size{0};
+  // visit all attributes
+  void VisitAttrs(AttrVisitor* v) final {
+    v->Visit("ctrl_type", &ctrl_type);
+    v->Visit("advance_size", &advance_size);
+  }
+  static ControlSignal make(ControlSignalType ctrl_type, int advance_size);
+  static constexpr const char* _type_key = "VerilogControlSignal";
+  TVM_DECLARE_NODE_TYPE_INFO(ControlSignalNode, Node);
+};
+
+TVM_DEFINE_NODE_REF(ControlSignal, ControlSignalNode);
+
+/*! \brief Information about channel. */
+struct ChannelBlockNode : public Node {
+  /*! \brief The channel we are refer to */
+  Channel channel;
+  /*! \brief Read window */
+  int read_window{0};
+  /*! \brief Write window */
+  int write_window{0};
+  /*! \brief Control signals in the channel */
+  Array<ControlSignal> ctrl_signals;
+  // visit all attributes
+  void VisitAttrs(AttrVisitor* v) final {
+    v->Visit("channel", &channel);
+    v->Visit("read_window", &read_window);
+    v->Visit("write_window", &write_window);
+    v->Visit("ctrl_signals", &ctrl_signals);
+  }
+  static constexpr const char* _type_key = "VerilogChannelBlock";
+  TVM_DECLARE_NODE_TYPE_INFO(ChannelBlockNode, Node);
+};
+
+TVM_DEFINE_NODE_REF(ChannelBlock, ChannelBlockNode);
+
+/*!
+ * \brief Input to the compute block.
+ *  These represents the data values that need to be shared;
+ */
+struct StageInputNode : public Node {
+  /*!
+   * \brief The corresponding var of the input
+   *  For loop and global const it is the var.
+   *  For channel this corresponds to the channel handle.
+   */
+  Var var;
+  /*! \brief The type of the input. */
+  StageInputType input_type;
+  // visit all attributes
+  void VisitAttrs(AttrVisitor* v) final {
+    v->Visit("var", &var);
+    v->Visit("input_type", &input_type);
+  }
+  // constructor
+  static StageInput make(Var var, StageInputType input_type);
+  static constexpr const char* _type_key = "VerilogStageInput";
+  TVM_DECLARE_NODE_TYPE_INFO(StageInputNode, Node);
+};
+
+TVM_DEFINE_NODE_REF(StageInput, StageInputNode);
+
+/*! \brief The trigger signal for certain channel */
+struct SignalTriggerNode : public Node {
+  /*! \brief The channel handle variable */
+  Var channel_var;
+  /*! \brief Boolean predicate to trigger the signal */
+  Expr predicate;
+  /*! \brief siginal index of the channel */
+  int signal_index;
+  // visit all attributes
+  void VisitAttrs(AttrVisitor* v) final {
+    v->Visit("channel_var", &channel_var);
+    v->Visit("predicate", &predicate);
+    v->Visit("signal_index", &signal_index);
+  }
+  // constructor
+  static constexpr const char* _type_key = "VerilogSignalTrigger";
+  TVM_DECLARE_NODE_TYPE_INFO(SignalTriggerNode, Node);
+};
+
+TVM_DEFINE_NODE_REF(SignalTrigger, SignalTriggerNode);
+
+/*! \brief compute block for verilog */
+struct ComputeBlockNode : public Node {
+  /*! \brief The body of the block. */
+  Stmt body;
+  /*! \brief The loop nest around the body, each is a For with no_op as body */
+  Array<Stmt> loop;
+  /*! \brief The channel advance trigger */
+  Array<SignalTrigger> triggers;
+  /*! \brief The input variables that need to be synced. */
+  Map<Var, StageInput> inputs;
+  // visit all attributes
+  void VisitAttrs(AttrVisitor* v) final {
+    v->Visit("body", &body);
+    v->Visit("loop", &loop);
+    v->Visit("triggers", &triggers);
+    v->Visit("inputs", &inputs);
+  }
+
+  static constexpr const char* _type_key = "VerilogComputeBlock";
+  TVM_DECLARE_NODE_TYPE_INFO(ComputeBlockNode, Node);
+};
+
+TVM_DEFINE_NODE_REF(ComputeBlock, ComputeBlockNode);
+
+/*! \brief Codeblock for verilog module. */
+struct PipelineNode : public Node {
+  /*! \brief arguments to the module */
+  Array<Var> args;
+  /*! \brief Computation stages */
+  Array<ComputeBlock> stages;
+  /*! \brief The data channels */
+  Map<Var, ChannelBlock> channels;
+
+  // visit all attributes
+  void VisitAttrs(AttrVisitor* v) final {
+    v->Visit("args", &args);
+    v->Visit("stages", &stages);
+    v->Visit("channels", &channels);
+  }
+  static constexpr const char* _type_key = "VerilogPipeline";
+  TVM_DECLARE_NODE_TYPE_INFO(PipelineNode, Node);
+};
+
+TVM_DEFINE_NODE_REF(Pipeline, PipelineNode);
+
+/*!
+ * \brief Build a lowered verilog pipeline given function.
+ * \param f The function to be transformed.
+ * \param The created verilog pipeline.
+ */
+Pipeline MakePipeline(LoweredFunc f);
+}  // namespace verilog
+}  // namespace codegen
+}  // namespace tvm
+#endif  // TVM_CODEGEN_VERILOG_VERILOG_IR_H_

src/codegen/verilog/verilog_module.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+/*!
+ *  Copyright (c) 2017 by Contributors
+ * \file verilog_module.cc
+ * \brief Build verilog source code.
+ */
+#include <tvm/runtime/packed_func.h>
+#include <tvm/codegen.h>
+#include <mutex>
+#include "./codegen_verilog.h"
+#include "../../runtime/file_util.h"
+#include "../../runtime/meta_data.h"
+
+namespace tvm {
+namespace codegen {
+namespace verilog {
+using runtime::TVMArgs;
+using runtime::TVMRetValue;
+using runtime::PackedFunc;
+
+// Simulator function
+class VerilogModuleNode : public runtime::ModuleNode {
+ public:
+  VerilogModuleNode() : fmt_("v") {}
+  const char* type_key() const {
+    return "verilog";
+  }
+  void PreCompile(const std::string& name, TVMContext ctx) final {
+  }
+
+  PackedFunc GetFunction(
+      const std::string& name,
+      const std::shared_ptr<ModuleNode>& sptr_to_self) final {
+    CHECK(sptr_to_self.get() == this);
+    if (name == runtime::symbol::tvm_entry_setdevice) {
+      return PackedFunc([](const TVMArgs& args, TVMRetValue* rv){});
+    }
+    CHECK(m_.fmap.count(name)) << "Cannot find function " << name << " in the module";
+
+    auto f = [sptr_to_self, name, this](const runtime::TVMArgs& args, TVMRetValue* rv) {
+      auto* fsim = runtime::Registry::Get("tvm_callback_verilog_simulator");
+      CHECK(fsim != nullptr)
+        << "tvm_callback_verilog_simulator is not registered,"
+        <<" did you import tvm.addon.verilog?";
+      std::string code = m_.AppendSimMain(name);
+
+      if (const auto* f = runtime::Registry::Get("tvm_callback_verilog_postproc")) {
+        code = (*f)(code).operator std::string();
+      }
+      std::vector<TVMValue> values;
+      std::vector<int> codes;
+      TVMValue v;
+      v.v_str = code.c_str();
+      values.push_back(v);
+      codes.push_back(kStr);
+      for (int i = 0; i < args.num_args; ++i) {
+        values.push_back(args.values[i]);
+        codes.push_back(args.type_codes[i]);
+      }
+      fsim->CallPacked(TVMArgs(&values[0], &codes[0], args.num_args + 1), rv);
+    };
+    return PackedFunc(f);
+  }
+
+  void SaveToFile(const std::string& file_name,
+                  const std::string& format) final {
+    LOG(FATAL) << "not implemented";
+  }
+
+  std::string GetSource(const std::string& format) final {
+    return m_.code;
+  }
+
+  void Init(const Array<LoweredFunc>& funcs) {
+    CodeGenVerilog cg;
+    cg.Init();
+    for (LoweredFunc f :  funcs) {
+      cg.AddFunction(f);
+    }
+    m_ = cg.Finish();
+  }
+
+ private:
+  // the verilog code. data
+  VerilogCodeGenModule m_;
+  // format;
+  std::string fmt_;
+};
+
+TVM_REGISTER_API(_codegen_build_verilog)
+.set_body([](TVMArgs args, TVMRetValue* rv) {
+    std::shared_ptr<VerilogModuleNode> n =
+        std::make_shared<VerilogModuleNode>();
+    n->Init(args[0]);
+    *rv = runtime::Module(n);
+  });
+}  // namespace verilog
+}  // namespace codegen
+}  // namespace tvm

src/codegen/verilog/vpi_device_api.cc

@@ -186,8 +186,8 @@ class VPIMemoryInterface {
     read_unit_bytes_ = read_bits / 8U;
     write_unit_bytes_ = write_bits / 8U;
   }
-  // Callback at post-edge.
+  // Callback at neg-edge.
-  void AtPosEedge() {
+  void AtNegEdge() {
     // reset
     if (in_rst_.get_int()) {
       CHECK_EQ(pending_read_.size, 0U);
@@ -358,7 +358,7 @@ class VPIReadMemMap : public VPIMemMapBase {
   void Init(VPIHandle module) {
     VPIMemMapBase::Init(module, "reg_data");
   }
-  void AtPosEedge() {
+  void AtNegEdge() {
     void* ptr = RealAddr();
     if (ptr == nullptr) return;
     size_t nwords = (unit_bytes_ + 3) / 4;
@@ -373,7 +373,7 @@ class VPIWriteMemMap : public VPIMemMapBase {
     VPIMemMapBase::Init(module, "data_in");
     enable_ = module["en"];
   }
-  void AtPosEedge() {
+  void AtNegEdge() {
     if (!enable_.get_int() || rst_.get_int()) return;
     void* ptr = RealAddr();
     CHECK(ptr != nullptr)
@@ -398,7 +398,7 @@ void TVMVPIHook(runtime::TVMArgs args, runtime::TVMRetValue* rv) {
   p->Init(m);
   LOG(INFO) << "Hook " << m.name() << " to tvm vpi simulation...";
   PackedFunc pf([p](const runtime::TVMArgs&, runtime::TVMRetValue*) {
-      p->AtPosEedge();
+      p->AtNegEdge();
     });
   *rv = pf;
 }

src/op/op_util.cc

@@ -139,14 +139,26 @@ MakeLoopNest(const Stage& stage,
       nest[i + 1].emplace_back(
           AttrStmt::make(iv, ir::attr::virtual_thread, dom->extent, no_op));
       value_map[iv] = var;
+    } else if (iv->thread_tag == "pipeline") {
+      // pipeline marker.
+      CHECK(is_zero(dom->min));
+      CHECK(is_one(dom->extent));
+      // annotate the extent of the IterVar
+      nest[i + 1].emplace_back(
+          AttrStmt::make(iv, ir::attr::pipeline_exec_scope, dom->extent, no_op));
+      value_map[iv] = dom->min;
     } else {
       // Always restrict threaded IterVar to starts from 0.
       CHECK(is_zero(dom->min));
       // annotate the extent of the IterVar
       nest[i + 1].emplace_back(
           AttrStmt::make(iv, ir::attr::thread_extent, dom->extent, no_op));
+      if (is_one(dom->extent)) {
+        value_map[iv] = dom->min;
+      } else {
         value_map[iv] = var;
       }
+    }
     // annotate the extent of the IterVar
     if (!new_loop_var) {
       nest[i + 1].emplace_back(

src/pass/narrow_channel_access.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
+/*!
+ *  Copyright (c) 2017 by Contributors
+ * \file narrow_channel_access.cc
+ * \brief Narrow channel access to a smaller range
+ *  when possible by bringing it to the internal loop.
+ */
+#include <tvm/ir.h>
+#include <tvm/expr.h>
+#include <tvm/ir_pass.h>
+#include <tvm/ir_visitor.h>
+#include <tvm/ir_mutator.h>
+#include <tvm/arithmetic.h>
+#include <tvm/channel.h>
+#include "./ir_util.h"
+
+namespace tvm {
+namespace ir {
+using namespace arith;
+
+// Bound deducer for channel access.
+class ChannelAccessBound : public IRVisitor {
+ public:
+  ChannelAccessBound(const Variable* buf_var, bool read_access)
+      : buf_var_(buf_var), read_access_(read_access) {}
+
+  void Visit_(const Store* op) final {
+    if (!read_access_ && buf_var_ == op->buffer_var.get()) {
+      ret_.emplace_back(EvalSet(op->index, dom_map_));
+    }
+    IRVisitor::Visit_(op);
+  }
+  void Visit_(const For* op) final {
+    CHECK(is_zero(op->min));
+    // We know that the extent of the loop won't depend on relaxed scope.
+    // TODO(tqchen) have a verification pass.
+    dom_map_[op->loop_var.get()] = IntSet::interval(op->min, op->extent - 1);
+    IRVisitor::Visit_(op);
+  }
+  void Visit_(const Load* op) final {
+    if (read_access_ && buf_var_ == op->buffer_var.get()) {
+      ret_.emplace_back(EvalSet(op->index, dom_map_));
+    }
+    IRVisitor::Visit_(op);
+  }
+  void Visit_(const Let* op) final {
+    LOG(FATAL) << "cannot pass through let";
+  }
+  void Visit_(const LetStmt* op) final {
+    LOG(FATAL) << "cannot pass through let";
+  }
+  IntSet Eval(const Stmt& stmt) {
+    Visit(stmt);
+    return Union(ret_);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  // The buffer variable.
+  const Variable* buf_var_;
+  // read or write
+  bool read_access_{true};
+  // Box
+  std::vector<IntSet> ret_;
+  // Domain map.
+  std::unordered_map<const Variable*, IntSet> dom_map_;
+};
+
+class ChannelAccessIndexRewriter : public IRMutator {
+ public:
+  ChannelAccessIndexRewriter(const Variable* buf_var,
+                             Expr min,
+                             bool read_access)
+      : buf_var_(buf_var), min_(min), read_access_(read_access) {}
+  Expr Mutate_(const Load* op, const Expr& e) final {
+    Expr expr = IRMutator::Mutate_(op, e);
+    op = expr.as<Load>();
+    if (read_access_ && buf_var_ == op->buffer_var.get()) {
+      return Load::make(
+          op->type, op->buffer_var, ir::Simplify(op->index - min_));
+    } else {
+      return expr;
+    }
+  }
+  Stmt Mutate_(const Store* op, const Stmt& s) final {
+    Stmt stmt = IRMutator::Mutate_(op, s);
+    op = stmt.as<Store>();
+    if (!read_access_ && buf_var_ == op->buffer_var.get()) {
+      return Store::make(
+          op->buffer_var, op->value, ir::Simplify(op->index - min_));
+    } else {
+      return stmt;
+    }
+  }
+
+ private:
+  // The buffer variable.
+  const Variable* buf_var_;
+  // The min bound.
+  Expr min_;
+  // read or write
+  bool read_access_{true};
+};
+
+
+// Rewrite channel access pattern.
+class ChannelAccessRewriter : public IRMutator {
+ public:
+  Stmt Mutate_(const AttrStmt* op, const Stmt& s) final {
+    Stmt ret;
+    const AttrStmt* adv = op->body.as<AttrStmt>();
+    if ((op->type_key == ir::attr::channel_read_scope &&
+         adv && adv->type_key == ir::attr::channel_read_advance) ||
+        (op->type_key == ir::attr::channel_write_scope &&
+         adv && adv->type_key == ir::attr::channel_write_advance)) {
+      RewriteEntry e;
+      e.window = op;
+      e.advance = adv;
+      e.read_access = op->type_key == ir::attr::channel_read_scope;
+      tasks_.push_back(e);
+      ret = IRMutator::Mutate_(op, s);
+      if (tasks_.back().rewrite_success) {
+        ret = ret.as<AttrStmt>()->body.as<AttrStmt>()->body;
+      }
+      tasks_.pop_back();
+      return ret;
+    } else {
+      return IRMutator::Mutate_(op, s);
+    }
+  }
+
+  Stmt Mutate_(const For* op, const Stmt& s) final {
+    std::vector<RewriteEntry> tasks;
+    std::swap(tasks_, tasks);
+    Stmt body = op->body;
+    std::vector<Stmt> nest;
+    for (RewriteEntry& e : tasks) {
+      body = RewriteAccess(op, body, &e, &nest);
+    }
+
+    if (!body.same_as(op->body)) {
+      body = Mutate(body);
+      body = For::make(
+          op->loop_var, op->min, op->extent,
+          op->for_type, op->device_api, body);
+      body = MergeNest(nest, body);
+    } else {
+      CHECK_EQ(nest.size(), 0U);
+      body = IRMutator::Mutate_(op, s);
+    }
+    std::swap(tasks_, tasks);
+    return body;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  struct RewriteEntry {
+    bool read_access;
+    const AttrStmt* window;
+    const AttrStmt* advance;
+    bool rewrite_success{false};
+  };
+
+  Stmt RewriteAccess(const For* for_op,
+                     Stmt body,
+                     RewriteEntry* e,
+                     std::vector<Stmt>* outer_nest) {
+    const AttrStmt* adv_op = e->advance;
+    const Expr& window = e->window->value;
+    bool read_access = e->read_access;
+    Var var(for_op->loop_var);
+    Channel ch(adv_op->node.node_);
+    ChannelAccessBound acc(ch->handle_var.get(), read_access);
+    IntSet iset = acc.Eval(for_op->body);
+    Range r = iset.cover_range(Range::make_with_min_extent(0, window));
+    r = Range::make_with_min_extent(
+        ir::Simplify(r->min), ir::Simplify(r->extent));
+    if (ExprUseVar(r->extent, var)) return body;
+    Array<Expr> linear_eq = DetectLinearEquation(r->min, var);
+    if (linear_eq.size() == 0) return body;
+    Expr base = linear_eq[0];
+    Expr coeff = linear_eq[1];
+    if (!is_zero(base)) return body;
+    Expr left = ir::Simplify(adv_op->value - coeff * for_op->extent);
+    if (!can_prove(left >= 0)) return body;
+    // rewrite access index.
+    ChannelAccessIndexRewriter rw(
+        ch->handle_var.get(), var * coeff, read_access);
+    body = rw.Mutate(body);
+
+    if (read_access) {
+      body = AttrStmt::make(
+          ch, ir::attr::channel_read_scope, r->extent,
+          AttrStmt::make(ch, ir::attr::channel_read_advance, coeff,
+                         body));
+    } else {
+      body = AttrStmt::make(
+          ch, ir::attr::channel_write_scope, r->extent,
+          AttrStmt::make(ch, ir::attr::channel_write_advance, coeff,
+                         body));
+    }
+
+    if (!is_zero(left)) {
+      Stmt no_op = Evaluate::make(0);
+      if (read_access) {
+        outer_nest->emplace_back(
+            AttrStmt::make(ch, ir::attr::channel_read_advance, left, no_op));
+      } else {
+        outer_nest->emplace_back(
+            AttrStmt::make(ch, ir::attr::channel_write_advance, left, no_op));
+      }
+    }
+
+    e->rewrite_success = true;
+    return body;
+  }
+
+  std::vector<RewriteEntry> tasks_;
+};
+
+Stmt NarrowChannelAccess(Stmt stmt) {
+  return ChannelAccessRewriter().Mutate(stmt);
+}
+
+}  // namespace ir
+}  // namespace tvm

src/pass/simple_passes.cc

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ class IRSideEffect : public IRVisitor {
  public:
   void Visit(const NodeRef& e) final {
     if (has_side_effect_) return;
+    IRVisitor::Visit(e);
   }
 
   void Visit_(const Call* op) final {
@@ -55,5 +56,39 @@ Stmt Substitute(Stmt stmt, const Map<Var, Expr>& value_map) {
   }
   return m.Mutate(stmt);
 }
+
+class ExprUseVarVisitor : public IRVisitor {
+ public:
+  explicit ExprUseVarVisitor(const Variable* var)
+      : var_(var) {}
+
+  void Visit(const NodeRef& e) final {
+    if (use_var_) return;
+    IRVisitor::Visit(e);
+  }
+
+  void Visit_(const Variable* op) final {
+    if (op == var_) {
+      use_var_ = true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  void Visit_(const Load* op) final {
+    if (op->buffer_var.get() == var_) {
+      use_var_ = true;
+    }
+    IRVisitor::Visit_(op);
+  }
+
+  const Variable* var_;
+  bool use_var_{false};
+};
+
+bool ExprUseVar(const Expr& e, const Var& v) {
+  ExprUseVarVisitor visitor(v.get());
+  visitor.Visit(e);
+  return visitor.use_var_;
+}
+
 }  // namespace ir
 }  // namespace tvm

src/pass/split_host_device.cc

@@ -147,8 +147,8 @@ class IRUseDefAnalysis : public IRMutator {
 class HostDeviceSplitter : public IRMutator {
  public:
   Stmt Mutate_(const AttrStmt *op, const Stmt& s) final {
-    if (op->type_key == "thread_extent") {
+    if (op->type_key == attr::thread_extent ||
-      IterVar iv(op->node.node_);
+        op->type_key == attr::pipeline_exec_scope) {
       return SplitDeviceFunc(s);
     }
     return IRMutator::Mutate_(op, s);
@@ -195,7 +195,6 @@ class HostDeviceSplitter : public IRMutator {
     n->name = os.str();
     n->args = m.undefined_;
     n->thread_axis = m.thread_axis_;
-    CHECK_NE(m.thread_extent_.size(), 0U);
 
     // improve the handle data type
     for (Var arg : n->args) {

src/pass/split_pipeline.cc

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 #include <tvm/ir_mutator.h>
 #include <tvm/channel.h>
 #include <unordered_map>
+#include <unordered_set>
 #include "./ir_util.h"
 
 namespace tvm {
@@ -18,14 +19,38 @@ namespace ir {
 class MarkChannelAccess : public IRMutator {
  public:
   MarkChannelAccess(
-      const std::unordered_map<const Variable*, Channel>& cmap)
+      const std::unordered_map<const Variable*, Channel>& cmap,
-      : cmap_(cmap) {}
+      const std::unordered_map<const Variable*, Channel>& fifo_map)
+      : cmap_(cmap), fifo_map_(fifo_map) {}
+  using IRMutator::Mutate;
+  Stmt Mutate(Stmt stmt) final {
+    Stmt ret = IRMutator::Mutate(stmt);
+    if (read_fifos_.size() != 0) {
+      for (const Variable* v : read_fifos_) {
+        Channel ch = fifo_map_.at(v);
+        ret = ReadChannel(ch, 1, ret);
+      }
+      read_fifos_.clear();
+    }
+    if (write_fifos_.size() != 0) {
+      for (const Variable* v : write_fifos_) {
+        Channel ch = fifo_map_.at(v);
+        ret = WriteChannel(ch, 1, ret);
+      }
+      write_fifos_.clear();
+    }
+    return ret;
+  }
 
   Expr Mutate_(const Load *op, const Expr& e) final {
     auto it = rmap_.find(op->buffer_var.get());
     if (it != rmap_.end()) {
       ++it->second.read_count;
     }
+    if (fifo_map_.count(op->buffer_var.get())) {
+      read_fifos_.insert(op->buffer_var.get());
+      CHECK(!write_fifos_.count(op->buffer_var.get()));
+    }
     return IRMutator::Mutate_(op, e);
   }
   Stmt Mutate_(const Store *op, const Stmt& s) final {
@@ -33,6 +58,10 @@ class MarkChannelAccess : public IRMutator {
     if (it != rmap_.end()) {
       ++it->second.write_count;
     }
+    if (fifo_map_.count(op->buffer_var.get())) {
+      write_fifos_.insert(op->buffer_var.get());
+      CHECK(!read_fifos_.count(op->buffer_var.get()));
+    }
     return IRMutator::Mutate_(op, s);
   }
   Stmt Mutate_(const Allocate* op, const Stmt& s) final {
@@ -79,51 +108,90 @@ class MarkChannelAccess : public IRMutator {
     }
 
     if (rw.write_count) {
-      return AttrStmt::make(
+      return WriteChannel(ch, alloc_size, body);
-          ch, ir::attr::channel_write_scope, alloc_size, body);
     } else {
       CHECK(rw.read_count);
-      return AttrStmt::make(
+      return ReadChannel(ch, alloc_size, body);
-          ch, ir::attr::channel_read_scope, alloc_size, body);
     }
   }
+  Stmt ReadChannel(Channel ch, Expr size, Stmt body) {
+    return AttrStmt::make(
+        ch, ir::attr::channel_read_scope, size,
+        AttrStmt::make(ch, ir::attr::channel_read_advance, size,
+                       body));
+  }
+  Stmt WriteChannel(Channel ch, Expr size, Stmt body) {
+    return AttrStmt::make(
+        ch, ir::attr::channel_write_scope, size,
+        AttrStmt::make(ch, ir::attr::channel_write_advance, size,
+                       body));
+  }
   struct Entry {
     int read_count{0};
     int write_count{0};
   };
   // The channels of each allocation.
   const std::unordered_map<const Variable*, Channel>& cmap_;
+  // FIFO map.
+  const std::unordered_map<const Variable*, Channel>& fifo_map_;
   // the result.
   std::unordered_map<const Variable*, Entry> rmap_;
+  // Accessed FIFOs
+  std::unordered_set<const Variable*> read_fifos_, write_fifos_;
 };
 
-
 // Mark the statment of each stage.
 class StageSplitter : public IRMutator {
  public:
+  using IRMutator::Mutate;
+  explicit StageSplitter(bool split_load)
+      : split_load_(split_load) {}
+
   Stmt Mutate(Stmt stmt) final {
     nest_.push_back(stmt);
     Stmt ret = IRMutator::Mutate(stmt);
     nest_.pop_back();
     return ret;
   }
-  Stmt Mutate_(const ProducerConsumer* op, const Stmt& s) {
+  Stmt Mutate_(const ProducerConsumer* op, const Stmt& s) final {
-    if (!op->is_producer) return IRMutator::Mutate_(op, s);
+    if (!op->is_producer) {
+      return Mutate(op->body);
+    }
     Stmt body = Mutate(op->body);
     stages_.emplace_back(BuildStage(body, op->func));
     return Evaluate::make(0);
   }
+  Expr Mutate_(const Load* op, const Expr& e) final {
+    if (!split_load_) return IRMutator::Mutate_(op, e);
+    std::ostringstream cname;
+    cname << "fifo." << temp_fifo_count_++;
+    // Create FIFO channel for load.
+    Channel ch = ChannelNode::make(Var(cname.str(), Handle()), op->type);
+    Expr index = Mutate(op->index);
+    Stmt provide = Store::make(
+        ch->handle_var,
+        Load::make(op->type, op->buffer_var, index), 0);
+    Stmt temp = nest_.back(); nest_.pop_back();
+    stages_.emplace_back(BuildStage(provide, ch));
+    nest_.push_back(temp);
+    fifo_map_[ch->handle_var.get()] = ch;
+    return Load::make(op->type, ch->handle_var, 0);
+  }
 
-  Stmt Split(Stmt stmt) {
+  Stmt Split(Stmt stmt, const ProducerConsumer* env) {
     stmt = Mutate(stmt);
+    if (env) {
+      stages_.emplace_back(BuildStage(stmt, env->func));
+    } else {
       stmt = RemoveNoOp(stmt);
       CHECK(is_no_op(stmt));
+    }
     CHECK_NE(stages_.size(), 0);
     stmt = stages_.back();
     for (size_t i = stages_.size() - 1; i != 0; --i) {
       stmt = Block::make(stages_[i - 1], stmt);
     }
-    stmt = MarkChannelAccess(cmap_).Mutate(stmt);
+    stmt = MarkChannelAccess(cmap_, fifo_map_).Mutate(stmt);
     return RemoveNoOp(stmt);
   }
 
@@ -184,10 +252,52 @@ class StageSplitter : public IRMutator {
   std::vector<Stmt> stages_;
   // channel map
   std::unordered_map<const Variable*, Channel> cmap_;
+  // Whether split load into a temp fifo.
+  bool split_load_{true};
+  // Counter for temp FIFOs.
+  size_t temp_fifo_count_{0};
+  // fifo map
+  std::unordered_map<const Variable*, Channel> fifo_map_;
 };
 
-Stmt SplitPipeline(Stmt stmt) {
+class PipelineSplitter : public IRMutator {
-  return StageSplitter().Split(stmt);
+ public:
+  explicit PipelineSplitter(bool split_load)
+      : split_load_(split_load) {}
+
+  Stmt Mutate_(const AttrStmt* op, const Stmt& s) final {
+    if (op->type_key == ir::attr::pipeline_exec_scope) {
+      CHECK_LE(env_.size(), 1U);
+      const ProducerConsumer* env = nullptr;
+      if (env_.size() == 1) {
+        std::swap(env_[0], env);
+      }
+      Stmt body = StageSplitter(split_load_).Split(
+          op->body, env);
+      if (body.same_as(op->body)) return s;
+      return AttrStmt::make(
+          op->node, op->type_key, op->value, body);
+    } else {
+      return IRMutator::Mutate_(op, s);
+    }
+  }
+  Stmt Mutate_(const ProducerConsumer* op, const Stmt& s) {
+    env_.push_back(op);
+    Stmt ret = IRMutator::Mutate_(op, s);
+    if (env_.back() == nullptr) {
+      ret = ret.as<ProducerConsumer>()->body;
+    }
+    env_.pop_back();
+    return ret;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  bool split_load_;
+  std::vector<const ProducerConsumer *> env_;
+};
+
+Stmt SplitPipeline(Stmt stmt, bool split_load) {
+  return PipelineSplitter(split_load).Mutate(stmt);
 }
 
 }  // namespace ir

src/runtime/c_runtime_api.cc

@@ -283,8 +283,9 @@ int TVMFuncCreateFromCFunc(TVMPackedCFunc func,
   if (fin == nullptr) {
     *out = new PackedFunc(
         [func, resource_handle](TVMArgs args, TVMRetValue* rv) {
-          func((TVMValue*)args.values, (int*)args.type_codes, // NOLINT(*)
+          int ret = func((TVMValue*)args.values, (int*)args.type_codes, // NOLINT(*)
                          args.num_args, rv, resource_handle);
+          CHECK_EQ(ret, 0) << "TVMCall CFunc Error:\n" << TVMGetLastError();
         });
   } else {
     // wrap it in a shared_ptr, with fin as deleter.
@@ -292,8 +293,9 @@ int TVMFuncCreateFromCFunc(TVMPackedCFunc func,
     std::shared_ptr<void> rpack(resource_handle, fin);
     *out = new PackedFunc(
         [func, rpack](TVMArgs args, TVMRetValue* rv) {
-          func((TVMValue*)args.values, (int*)args.type_codes, // NOLINT(*)
+          int ret = func((TVMValue*)args.values, (int*)args.type_codes, // NOLINT(*)
                          args.num_args, rv, rpack.get());
+          CHECK_EQ(ret, 0) << "TVMCall CFunc Error:\n" << TVMGetLastError();
       });
   }
   API_END();

src/schedule/bound.cc

@@ -275,8 +275,7 @@ void InferRootBound(const Stage& stage,
       // special optimization to remove trivial loop
       if (is_one(vrange->extent)) {
         up_state[iv] = IntSet::single_point(vrange->min);
-      }
+      } else if (fix_value && !ScopeRelax(iv, stage->scope)) {
-      if (fix_value && !ScopeRelax(iv, stage->scope)) {
         up_state[iv] = IntSet::single_point(iv->var);
       } else {
         up_state[iv] = IntSet::range(vrange);

tests/python/integration/test_dot.py

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ def mybuild(fapi, target="llvm"):
 
 def test_dot():
     nn = 12
-    n = tvm.Var('n')
+    n = tvm.convert(nn)
     A = tvm.placeholder((n,), name='A')
     B = tvm.placeholder((n,), name='B')
     k = tvm.reduce_axis((0, n), 'k')

tests/python/unittest/test_arith_detect_linear_equation.py

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+import tvm
+
+def test_basic():
+    a = tvm.Var("a")
+    b = tvm.Var("b")
+    m = tvm.arith.DetectLinearEquation(a * 4 + b * 6 + 7, a)
+    assert m[1].value == 4
+    assert tvm.ir_pass.Simplify(m[0] - (b * 6 + 7)).value == 0
+
+    m = tvm.arith.DetectLinearEquation(a * 4 * (a+1) + b * 6 + 7, a)
+    assert len(m) == 0
+
+    m = tvm.arith.DetectLinearEquation(a * 4  + (a+1) + b * 6 + 7, a)
+    assert m[1].value == 5
+    assert tvm.ir_pass.Simplify(m[0] - (b * 6 + 7 + 1)).value == 0
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    test_basic()

tests/python/unittest/test_pass_basic.py

@@ -29,3 +29,13 @@ def test_convert_ssa():
     assert(not tvm.ir_pass.VerifySSA(z))
     z_ssa = tvm.ir_pass.ConvertSSA(z)
     assert(tvm.ir_pass.VerifySSA(z_ssa))
+
+
+def test_expr_use_var():
+    x = tvm.Var('x')
+    assert(tvm.ir_pass.ExprUseVar(x+1, x))
+    assert(not tvm.ir_pass.ExprUseVar(1+10, x))
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    test_expr_use_var()

tests/python/unittest/test_pass_split_pipeline.py

@@ -1,5 +1,22 @@
 import tvm
 
+def lower(s, args):
+    binds = {}
+    arg_list = []
+
+    for x in args:
+        assert isinstance(x, tvm.tensor.Tensor)
+        buf = tvm.Buffer(x.shape, dtype=x.dtype, name=x.op.name)
+        binds[x] = buf
+        arg_list.append(buf)
+    s.normalize()
+    bounds = tvm.schedule.InferBound(s)
+    stmt = tvm.schedule.ScheduleOps(s, bounds)
+    stmt = tvm.ir_pass.StorageFlatten(stmt, binds)
+    stmt = tvm.ir_pass.CanonicalSimplify(stmt)
+    stmt = tvm.ir_pass.Simplify(stmt)
+    return stmt
+
 def test_basic_pipeline():
     n = tvm.convert(128)
     A = tvm.placeholder((n,), name='A')
@@ -12,20 +29,37 @@ def test_basic_pipeline():
         B = tvm.compute((n,), lambda i: B[i] + k, name="A%s" % k)
 
     s = tvm.Schedule(B.op)
-    xo, xi = s[B].split(B.op.axis[0], factor=4)
+    px = tvm.thread_axis((0, 1), "pipeline")
+    xo, xi = s[B].split(B.op.axis[0], outer=px)
+    xo, xi = s[B].split(xi, factor=4)
     for S in stages:
         s[S].compute_at(s[B], xo)
 
-    # Lowering
+    stmt = lower(s, [A, B])
-    bounds = tvm.schedule.InferBound(s)
+    stmt = tvm.ir_pass.SplitPipeline(stmt, False)
-    stmt = tvm.schedule.ScheduleOps(s, bounds)
+    print(stmt)
-    Ab = tvm.Buffer(A.shape, A.dtype, name='A')
+    stmt = tvm.ir_pass.NarrowChannelAccess(stmt)
-    Bb = tvm.Buffer(B.shape, B.dtype, name='B')
-    stmt = tvm.ir_pass.StorageFlatten(stmt, {A: Ab, B:Bb})
-    stmt = tvm.ir_pass.Simplify(stmt)
-    stmt = tvm.ir_pass.SplitPipeline(stmt)
     print(stmt)
     assert(tvm.ir_pass.VerifySSA(stmt))
 
+def test_conv1d():
+    n = tvm.Var('n')
+    A = tvm.compute((n+2), lambda i: 1,  name='A')
+    def computeB(ii):
+        i = ii + 1
+        return A[i-1] + A[i] + A[i+1]
+    B = tvm.compute(n, computeB, name='B')
+    s = tvm.Schedule(B.op)
+    px = tvm.thread_axis((0, 1), "pipeline")
+    xo, xi = s[B].split(B.op.axis[0], outer=px)
+    s[A].compute_at(s[B], px)
+    stmt = lower(s, [B])
+    stmt = tvm.ir_pass.SplitPipeline(stmt, False)
+    print(stmt)
+    stmt = tvm.ir_pass.NarrowChannelAccess(stmt)
+    print(stmt)
+
+
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     test_basic_pipeline()
+    test_conv1d()

tests/travis/run_test.sh

@@ -36,7 +36,8 @@ if [ ${TASK} == "verilog_test" ] || [ ${TASK} == "all_test" ]; then
         make -f tests/travis/packages.mk iverilog
         make verilog || exit -1
         make all || exit -1
-        nosetests -v tests/verilog || exit -1
+        nosetests -v tests/verilog/unittest || exit -1
+        nosetests -v tests/verilog/integration || exit -1
     fi
 fi
 

tests/verilog/integration/test_codegen_verilog.py

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+import tvm
+from tvm.addon import testing, verilog
+import numpy as np
+
+def lower(s, args, name):
+    binds = {}
+    arg_list = []
+
+    for x in args:
+        assert isinstance(x, tvm.tensor.Tensor)
+        buf = tvm.Buffer(x.shape, dtype=x.dtype, name=x.op.name)
+        binds[x] = buf
+        arg_list.append(buf)
+    s.normalize()
+    bounds = tvm.schedule.InferBound(s)
+    stmt = tvm.schedule.ScheduleOps(s, bounds)
+    stmt = tvm.ir_pass.StorageFlatten(stmt, binds)
+    stmt = tvm.ir_pass.CanonicalSimplify(stmt)
+    stmt = tvm.ir_pass.Simplify(stmt)
+    stmt = tvm.ir_pass.SplitPipeline(stmt, True)
+    fapi = tvm.ir_pass.MakeAPI(stmt, name, arg_list, 0)
+    return fapi
+
+@tvm.register_func
+def tvm_callback_verilog_postproc(code):
+    """Hook to inspect the verilog code before actually run it"""
+    print(code)
+    return code
+
+def test_add_pipeline():
+    nn = 128
+    n = tvm.convert(nn)
+    A = tvm.placeholder((n,), name='A', dtype='int32')
+    B = tvm.placeholder((n,), name='B', dtype='int32')
+    C = tvm.compute(A.shape, lambda i: A[i] + B[i], name='C')
+    s = tvm.Schedule(C.op)
+
+    grid_x = tvm.thread_axis((0, 1), "pipeline")
+    _, x = s[C].split(C.op.axis[0], outer=grid_x)
+    fapi = lower(s, [A, B, C], "myadd")
+    fsplits = tvm.ir_pass.SplitHostDevice(fapi)
+    print(fsplits[1].body)
+    print("------")
+
+    def check_target(device, host="stackvm"):
+        if not tvm.codegen.enabled(host):
+            return
+        if not tvm.codegen.enabled(device):
+            return
+        ctx = tvm.vpi(0)
+        mhost = tvm.codegen.build(fsplits[0], host)
+        mdev = tvm.codegen.build(fsplits[1:], device)
+        mhost.import_module(mdev)
+        code = mdev.get_source()
+        f = mhost.entry_func
+        # launch the kernel.
+        n = nn
+        a = tvm.nd.array((np.random.uniform(size=n) * 128).astype(A.dtype), ctx)
+        b = tvm.nd.array((np.random.uniform(size=n) * 128).astype(A.dtype), ctx)
+        c = tvm.nd.array(np.zeros(n, dtype=C.dtype), ctx)
+        f(a, b, c)
+        print("Check correctness...")
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(
+            c.asnumpy(), a.asnumpy() + b.asnumpy())
+    check_target("verilog")
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    test_add_pipeline()

tests/verilog/test_counter.py

@@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
-import tvm
-from tvm.addon import verilog
-
-def test_counter():
-    # Start a new session by run simulation on test_counter.v
-    # Find file will search root/verilog and root/tests/verilog
-    sess = verilog.session([
-        verilog.find_file("test_counter.v"),
-        verilog.find_file("example_counter.v")
-    ])
-    # Get the handles by their names
-    rst = sess.main.rst
-    counter = sess.main.counter
-    cnt = sess.main["counter_unit1"]
-    assert(counter.name == "main.counter")
-    assert(counter.size == 4)
-    rst.put_int(1)
-    # This will advance the cycle to next pos-edge of clk.
-    sess.yield_until_posedge()
-    rst.put_int(0)
-
-    for i in range(10):
-        # get value of counter.
-        assert(counter.get_int() == i)
-        sess.yield_until_posedge()
-
-
-if __name__ == "__main__":
-    test_counter()

tests/verilog/test_loop.py

@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-import tvm
-from tvm.addon import verilog
-
-def test_loop():
-    sess = verilog.session([
-        verilog.find_file("test_loop.v")
-    ])
-    # Get the handles by their names
-    rst = sess.main.rst
-    init = sess.main.init
-    iter0 = sess.main.iter0
-    iter1 = sess.main.iter1
-    enable = sess.main.enable
-    invalid = sess.main.done
-
-    rst.put_int(1)
-    # This will advance the cycle to next pos-edge of clk.
-    sess.yield_until_posedge()
-    rst.put_int(0)
-    init.put_int(1)
-    sess.yield_until_posedge()
-    enable.put_int(1)
-    init.put_int(0)
-
-    for i in range(0, 3):
-        for j in range(0, 4):
-            while invalid.get_int():
-                sess.yield_until_posedge()
-            assert(iter1.get_int() == i)
-            assert(iter0.get_int() == j)
-            sess.yield_until_posedge()
-
-
-if __name__ == "__main__":
-    test_loop()

tests/verilog/test_loop.v

@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-`include "tvm_marcos.v"
-
-module main();
-   parameter PER = 10;
-   reg clk;
-   reg rst;
-   wire init;
-   wire done;
-   wire enable;
-
-   `NORMAL_LOOP_LEAF(iter0, 4, init0, enable, iter0_done, 0, 4, 1)
-   `NORMAL_LOOP_NEST(iter1, 4, init, iter0_done, iter1_done, 0, 3, 1, init0)
-
-   assign done = iter0_done;
-
-   always begin
-      #(PER/2) clk =~ clk;
-   end
-
-   initial begin
-      // This will allow tvm session to be called every cycle.
-      $tvm_session(clk);
-   end
-endmodule

tests/verilog/unittest/test_cache_reg.py

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+import tvm
+from tvm.addon import verilog
+from testing_util import FIFODelayedWriter, FIFODelayedReader
+
+def run_with_lag(n, read_lag, write_lag):
+    data = list(range(n))
+    # head ptr of a
+    sess = verilog.session([
+        verilog.find_file("test_cache_reg.v")
+    ])
+    rst = sess.main.rst
+    in_data = sess.main.in_data
+    in_valid = sess.main.in_valid
+    in_ready = sess.main.in_ready
+
+    out_data = sess.main.out_data
+    out_valid = sess.main.out_valid
+    out_ready = sess.main.out_ready
+    # hook up reader
+    reader = FIFODelayedReader(out_data, out_valid, out_ready, read_lag)
+    writer = FIFODelayedWriter(in_data, in_valid, in_ready, data, write_lag)
+    rst.put_int(1)
+    sess.yield_until_next_cycle()
+    rst.put_int(0)
+    sess.yield_until_next_cycle()
+    sess.yield_callbacks.append(reader)
+    sess.yield_callbacks.append(writer)
+    timeout = sum(read_lag) + sum(write_lag) + n + 10
+    for t in range(timeout):
+        sess.yield_until_next_cycle()
+        if len(reader.data) == n:
+            break
+    assert tuple(reader.data) == tuple(range(n))
+    assert len(writer.data) == 0
+    sess.shutdown()
+
+def test_fifo():
+    n = 20
+    # slow reader
+    run_with_lag(n, read_lag=[3,4,8], write_lag=[])
+    # slow writer
+    run_with_lag(n, read_lag=[0], write_lag=[0, 2, 10])
+    # mix
+    run_with_lag(n, read_lag=[3, 4, 8], write_lag=[0, 2, 10])
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    test_fifo()

tests/verilog/unittest/test_cache_reg.v

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+`include "tvm_marcos.v"
+
+module main();
+   `TVM_DEFINE_TEST_SIGNAL(clk, rst)
+
+   reg[31:0] in_data;
+   wire[31:0] out_data;
+   wire in_ready;
+   reg in_valid;
+   reg out_ready;
+   wire out_valid;
+
+   `CACHE_REG(32, in_data, in_valid, in_ready,
+              out_data, out_valid, out_ready)
+
+   initial begin
+      // This will allow tvm session to be called every cycle.
+      $tvm_session(clk);
+   end
+endmodule

tests/verilog/unittest/test_counter.py

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+import tvm
+from tvm.addon import verilog
+
+def test_counter():
+    # Start a new session by run simulation on test_counter.v
+    # Find file will search root/verilog and root/tests/verilog
+    sess = verilog.session([
+        verilog.find_file("test_counter.v"),
+        verilog.find_file("example_counter.v")
+    ])
+    # Get the handles by their names
+    rst = sess.main.rst
+    counter = sess.main.counter
+    cnt = sess.main["counter_unit1"]
+    assert(counter.name == "main.counter")
+    assert(counter.size == 4)
+    rst.put_int(1)
+    # This will advance the cycle to next pos-edge of clk.
+    sess.yield_until_next_cycle()
+    rst.put_int(0)
+    sess.yield_until_next_cycle()
+
+    for i in range(10):
+        # get value of counter.
+        assert(counter.get_int() == i)
+        sess.yield_until_next_cycle()
+
+
+def test_scratch():
+    sess = verilog.session([
+        verilog.find_file("test_counter.v"),
+        verilog.find_file("example_counter.v")
+    ])
+    # Get the handles by their names
+    rst = sess.main.rst
+    counter = sess.main.counter
+    rst.put_int(1)
+    # This will advance the cycle to next pos-edge of clk.
+    sess.yield_until_next_cycle()
+    rst.put_int(0)
+    temp = 0
+    for i in range(10):
+        if rst.get_int():
+            rst.put_int(0)
+            temp = counter.get_int()
+        elif counter.get_int() == 3:
+            rst.put_int(1)
+        print("counter=%d, temp=%d" % (counter.get_int(), temp))
+        sess.yield_until_next_cycle()
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    test_scratch()
+    test_counter()

tests/verilog/unittest/test_counter.v

@@ -1,13 +1,11 @@
-module main();
+`include "tvm_marcos.v"
-   parameter PER = 10;
-   reg clk;
-   reg rst;
-   wire [3:0] counter;
 
+module main();
+   `TVM_DEFINE_TEST_SIGNAL(clk, rst)
+
+   wire[3:0] counter;
    counter counter_unit1(.clk(clk), .rst(rst), .out(counter));
-   always begin
+
-      #(PER/2) clk =~ clk;
-   end
    initial begin
       // This will allow tvm session to be called every cycle.
       $tvm_session(clk);

tests/verilog/unittest/test_loop.py

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+import tvm
+from tvm.addon import verilog
+
+def test_loop():
+    sess = verilog.session([
+        verilog.find_file("test_loop.v")
+    ])
+    # Get the handles by their names
+    rst = sess.main.rst
+    iter0 = sess.main.iter0
+    iter1 = sess.main.iter1
+    ready = sess.main.ready
+
+    rst.put_int(1)
+    ready.put_int(1)
+    # This will advance the cycle to next pos-edge of clk.
+    sess.yield_until_next_cycle()
+    rst.put_int(0)
+    sess.yield_until_next_cycle()
+
+    for k in range(0, 1):
+        for i in range(0, 3):
+            for j in range(0, 4):
+                assert(iter1.get_int() == i)
+                assert(iter0.get_int() == j)
+                sess.yield_until_next_cycle()
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    test_loop()

tests/verilog/unittest/test_loop.v

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+`include "tvm_marcos.v"
+
+module main();
+   `TVM_DEFINE_TEST_SIGNAL(clk, rst)
+
+   reg ready;
+   wire lp_ready;
+
+   `NONSTOP_LOOP(iter0, 4, 0, lp_ready, iter0_finish, 0, 4)
+   `NONSTOP_LOOP(iter1, 4, 0, iter0_finish, iter1_finish, 0, 3)
+   `WRAP_LOOP_ONCE(0, valid, ready, iter1_finish, loop_ready)
+   assign lp_ready = loop_ready;
+
+
+   initial begin
+      // This will allow tvm session to be called every cycle.
+      $tvm_session(clk);
+   end
+endmodule

tests/verilog/unittest/test_vpi_mem_interface.py

@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ def test_ram_read():
     host_read_addr = sess.main.read_addr
     host_read_size = sess.main.read_size
     rst.put_int(1)
-    sess.yield_until_posedge()
+    sess.yield_until_next_cycle()
     rst.put_int(0)
     # hook up reader
     reader = FIFOReader(read_data, read_valid)
@@ -61,18 +61,18 @@ def test_ram_read():
     host_read_addr.put_int(a_ptr)
     host_read_size.put_int(a.shape[0])
 
-    sess.yield_until_posedge()
+    sess.yield_until_next_cycle()
     # second read request
     host_read_addr.put_int(a_ptr + 2)
     host_read_size.put_int(a.shape[0] - 2)
 
-    sess.yield_until_posedge()
+    sess.yield_until_next_cycle()
     host_read_req.put_int(0)
     read_en.put_int(1)
 
     # yield until read is done
     for i in range(a.shape[0] * 3):
-        sess.yield_until_posedge()
+        sess.yield_until_next_cycle()
     # check if result matches
     r = np.concatenate((a_np, a_np[2:]))
     np.testing.assert_equal(np.array(reader.data), r)
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ def test_ram_write():
     host_write_size = sess.main.write_size
 
     rst.put_int(1)
-    sess.yield_until_posedge()
+    sess.yield_until_next_cycle()
     rst.put_int(0)
     # hook up writeer
     writer = FIFOWriter(write_data, write_en, write_ready, w_data)
@@ -116,12 +116,12 @@ def test_ram_write():
     host_write_addr.put_int(a_ptr + offset)
     host_write_size.put_int(a.shape[0] - offset)
 
-    sess.yield_until_posedge()
+    sess.yield_until_next_cycle()
     host_write_req.put_int(0)
 
     # yield until write is done
     for i in range(a.shape[0]+2):
-        sess.yield_until_posedge()
+        sess.yield_until_next_cycle()
 
     # check if result matches
     np.testing.assert_equal(a.asnumpy()[2:], r_data)

tests/verilog/unittest/test_vpi_mmap.py

@@ -25,18 +25,18 @@ def test_mmap():
 
     # setup memory map.
     rst.put_int(1)
-    sess.yield_until_posedge()
+    sess.yield_until_next_cycle()
     rst.put_int(0)
     write_en.put_int(0)
     mmap_addr.put_int(a_ptr)
-    sess.yield_until_posedge()
+    sess.yield_until_next_cycle()
 
     # read test
     for i in range(n):
         read_addr.put_int(i)
-        sess.yield_until_posedge()
+        sess.yield_until_next_cycle()
         # read addr get set this cycle
-        sess.yield_until_posedge()
+        sess.yield_until_next_cycle()
         # get the data out
         assert(read_data.get_int() == i)
 
@@ -45,9 +45,9 @@ def test_mmap():
         write_addr.put_int(i)
         write_en.put_int(1)
         write_data.put_int(i + 1)
-        sess.yield_until_posedge()
+        sess.yield_until_next_cycle()
         write_en.put_int(0)
-        sess.yield_until_posedge()
+        sess.yield_until_next_cycle()
 
     np.testing.assert_equal(a.asnumpy(), a_np + 1)
 

tests/verilog/unittest/testing_util.py

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+"""Common utilities for test"""
+
+class FIFODelayedReader(object):
+    """Reader that have specified ready lag."""
+    def __init__(self, read_data, read_valid, read_ready, lag):
+        self.read_data = read_data
+        self.read_valid = read_valid
+        self.read_ready = read_ready
+        self.read_ready.put_int(1)
+        self.lag = list(reversed(lag))
+        self.data = []
+        self.wait_counter = 0
+        self.wait_state = False
+
+    def __call__(self):
+        """Logic as if always at pos-edge"""
+        if not self.wait_state:
+            if (self.read_ready.get_int() and
+                self.read_valid.get_int()):
+                self.data.append(self.read_data.get_int())
+                self.wait_counter = self.lag.pop() if self.lag else 0
+                self.wait_state = True
+
+        if self.wait_state:
+            if self.wait_counter == 0:
+                self.read_ready.put_int(1)
+                self.wait_state = False
+            else:
+                self.wait_counter -= 1
+                self.read_ready.put_int(0)
+
+
+class FIFODelayedWriter(object):
+    """Auxiliary class to write to FIFO """
+    def __init__(self, write_data, write_valid, write_ready, data, lag):
+        self.write_data = write_data
+        self.write_valid = write_valid
+        self.write_ready = write_ready
+        self.write_valid.put_int(0)
+        self.lag = list(reversed(lag))
+        self.data = list(reversed(data))
+        self.wait_counter = 0
+        self.wait_state = True
+
+    def __call__(self):
+        """Logic as if always at pos-edge"""
+        if not self.wait_state:
+            if self.write_ready.get_int():
+                self.wait_counter = self.lag.pop() if self.lag else 0
+                self.wait_state = True
+
+        if self.wait_state:
+            if self.wait_counter == 0:
+                if self.data:
+                    self.write_valid.put_int(1)
+                    self.write_data.put_int(self.data.pop())
+                    self.wait_state = False
+                else:
+                    self.write_valid.put_int(0)
+            else:
+                self.write_valid.put_int(0)
+                self.wait_counter -= 1

verilog/tvm_marcos.v

@@ -1,70 +1,120 @@
-// Leaf of a normal loop nest
+// Nonstop version of loop
-// Starts at done = 1
+// Always keeps looping when increase == true
-// Need init to reset to done = 0
+// At end is a signal to indicate the next cycle is end
-// increases when enabled = 1
+// Use that to signal parent loop to advance.
-`define NORMAL_LOOP_LEAF(iter, width, init, enable, done, min, max, incr)\
+`define NONSTOP_LOOP(iter, width, init, ready, finish, min, extent)\
     reg [width-1:0] iter;\
-    reg valid;\
+    wire finish;\
-    reg done;\
     always@(posedge clk) begin\
-        if(rst) begin\
+        if (rst || init) begin\
-            iter <= 0;\
-            done <= 1;\
-        end else if(init) begin\
             iter <= (min);\
-            done <= 0;\
+        end else if(ready) begin\
-        end else if(done) begin\
+            if (iter != ((extent)-1)) begin\
-            iter <= 0;\
+                iter <= iter + 1;\
-            done <= 1;\
-        end else if(enable) begin\
-            if (iter < ((max)-(incr))) begin\
-                iter <= iter + (incr);\
-                done <= 0;\
             end else begin\
-                iter <= 0;\
+              iter <= (min);\
-                done <= 1;\
             end\
         end else begin\
             iter <= iter;\
-            done <= done;\
         end\
+    end\
+    assign finish = (ready && (iter == (extent) - 1));
+
+
+// Wrap a nonstop loop to normal loop that loop only once.
+// Use done signal to control the non-stop body to stop.
+// The init and done behaves like normal loop
+`define WRAP_LOOP_ONCE(init, valid, ready, body_finish, body_ready)\
+    reg valid;\
+    wire body_ready;\
+    always@(posedge clk) begin\
+        if (rst || init) begin\
+            valid <= 1;\
+        end else if(body_finish) begin\
+            valid <= 0;\
+        end else begin\
+            valid <= valid;\
+        end\
+    end\
+    assign body_ready = (valid && ready);
+
+// Assign dst as src delayed by specific cycles.
+`define DELAY(dst, src, width, delay, not_stall)\
+    reg [(width)*(delay)-1:0] src``_dly_chain;\
+    always@(posedge clk) begin\
+        if(rst) begin\
+            src``_dly_chain <= 0;\
+        end else if (not_stall) begin\
+            src``_dly_chain[(width)-1:0] <= src;\
+            if((delay) != 1) begin\
+                src``_dly_chain[(delay)*(width)-1:(width)] <= src``_dly_chain[((delay)-1)*(width)-1:0];\
+            end\
+        end else begin\
+            src``_dly_chain <= src``_dly_chain;\
+        end\
+    end\
+    assign dst = src``_dly_chain[(delay)*(width)-1:((delay)-1)*(width)];
+
+// TVM generate clock signal
+`define TVM_DEFINE_TEST_SIGNAL(clk, rst)\
+   parameter PER = 10;\
+   reg clk;\
+   reg rst;\
+   always begin\
+      #(PER/2) clk =~ clk;\
    end
 
-// Normal loop nest that can connect to a child which is a normal loop
+// Control logic on buffer/RAM read valid.
-`define NORMAL_LOOP_NEST(iter, width, init, body_done, done, min, max, incr, body_init)\
+// This delays the valid signal by one cycle and retain it when write_ready == 0
-    reg [width-1:0] iter;\
+`define BUFFER_READ_VALID_DELAY(dst, data_valid, write_ready)\
-    reg done;\
+    reg dst;\
-    reg body_init;\
     always@(posedge clk) begin\
         if(rst) begin\
-            iter <= 0;\
+            dst <= 0;\
-            done <= 1;\
+        end else if (write_ready) begin\
-            body_init <= 0;\
+            dst <= (data_valid);\
-        end else if(init) begin\
-            iter <= (min);\
-            done <= 0;\
-            body_init <= 1;\
-        end else if(done) begin\
-            iter <= 0;\
-            done <= 1;\
-            body_init <= 0;\
-        end else if (body_init) begin\
-            iter <= iter;\
-            done <= done;\
-            body_init <= 0;\
-        end else if (body_done) begin\
-            if (iter < ((max)-(incr))) begin\
-                iter <= iter + (incr);\
-                done <= 0;\
-                body_init <= 1;\
         end else begin\
-                iter <= 0;\
+            dst <= dst;\
-                done <= 1;\
+        end\
-                body_init <= 0;\
+    end\
+
+// A cache register that add one cycle lag to the ready signal
+// This allows the signal to flow more smoothly
+`define CACHE_REG(width, in_data, in_valid, in_ready, out_data, out_valid, out_ready)\
+    reg [width-1:0] out_data``_state_;\
+    reg [width-1:0] out_data``_overflow_;\
+    reg out_valid``_state_;\
+    reg out_valid``_overflow_;\
+    always@(posedge clk) begin\
+        if(rst) begin\
+            out_valid``_overflow_ <= 0;\
+            out_valid``_state_ <= 0;\
+        end else if (out_valid``_overflow_) begin\
+            if (out_ready) begin\
+               out_valid``_state_ <= 1;\
+               out_data``_state_ <= out_data``_overflow_;\
+               out_valid``_overflow_ <= 0;\
+               out_data``_overflow_ <= 0;\
+            end else begin\
+               out_valid``_state_ <= 1;\
+               out_data``_state_ <= out_data``_state_;\
+               out_valid``_overflow_ <= out_valid``_overflow_;\
+               out_data``_overflow_ <= out_data``_overflow_;\
             end\
         end else begin\
-            iter <= iter;\
+            if (!out_ready && out_valid``_state_) begin\
-            done <= done;\
+               out_valid``_state_ <= 1;\
-            body_init <= 0;\
+               out_data``_state_ <= out_data``_state_;\
+               out_valid``_overflow_ <= in_valid;\
+               out_data``_overflow_ <= in_data;\
+            end else begin\
+               out_valid``_state_ <= in_valid;\
+               out_data``_state_ <= in_data;\
+               out_valid``_overflow_ <= out_valid``_overflow_;\
+               out_data``_overflow_ <= out_data``_overflow_;\
             end\
-    end
+        end\
+    end\ // always@ (posedge clk)
+    assign in_ready = !out_valid``_overflow_;\
+    assign out_data = out_data``_state_;\
+    assign out_valid = out_valid``_state_;

verilog/tvm_vpi.cc

@@ -43,9 +43,9 @@ class IPCClient {
     PutInt(clock_, 0);
   }
   int Callback() {
-    if (GetInt(clock_)) {
+    if (!GetInt(clock_)) {
       try {
-        return AtPosEedge();
+        return AtNegEdge();
       } catch (const std::runtime_error& e) {
         reader_.Close();
         writer_.Close();
@@ -57,8 +57,11 @@ class IPCClient {
       return 0;
     }
   }
-  // called at positive edge.
+  // called at neg edge.
-  int AtPosEedge() {
+  int AtNegEdge() {
+    // This is actually called at neg-edge
+    // The put values won't take effect until next neg-edge.
+    // This allow us to see the registers before snc
     writer_.Write(kPosEdgeTrigger);
     VPICallCode rcode;
     VPIRawHandle handle;
@@ -149,10 +152,10 @@ class IPCClient {
           s_vpi_time time_s;
           time_s.type = vpiSimTime;
           time_s.high = 0;
-          time_s.low  = 0;
+          time_s.low  = 10;
           value_s.format = vpiVectorVal;
           value_s.value.vector = &svec_buf_[0];
-          vpi_put_value(h, &value_s, &time_s, vpiInertialDelay);
+          vpi_put_value(h, &value_s, &time_s, vpiTransportDelay);
           writer_.Write(kSuccess);
           break;
         }
@@ -202,10 +205,10 @@ class IPCClient {
     s_vpi_time time_s;
     time_s.type = vpiSimTime;
     time_s.high = 0;
-    time_s.low  = 0;
+    time_s.low  = 10;
     value_s.format = vpiIntVal;
     value_s.value.integer = value;
-    vpi_put_value(h, &value_s, &time_s, vpiInertialDelay);
+    vpi_put_value(h, &value_s, &time_s, vpiTransportDelay);
   }
   // Handles
   vpiHandle clock_;

verilog/verilog.mk

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 VPI_CFLAGS=`iverilog-vpi --cflags`
-VPI_LDLAGS=`iverilog-vpi --ldlags`
+VPI_LDFLAGS=`iverilog-vpi --ldflags`
 
 VER_SRCS = $(wildcard verilog/*.v)
 
@@ -7,4 +7,4 @@ VER_LIBS=lib/tvm_vpi.vpi
 
 lib/tvm_vpi.vpi: verilog/tvm_vpi.cc verilog/tvm_vpi.h
 	@mkdir -p $(@D)
-	$(CXX) $(VPI_CFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) -shared -o $@ $(filter %.cc, $^) $(LDFLAGS) $(VPI_LDFLAGS)
+	$(CXX) $(VPI_CFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) -o $@ $(filter %.cc, $^) $(LDFLAGS) $(VPI_LDFLAGS)