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| layout | title |
|---|---|
| global | Spark Standalone Mode |
{% comment %} TODO(andyk):
- Add a table of contents
- Move configuration towards the end so that it doesn't come first
- Say the scripts will guess the resource amounts (i.e. # cores) automatically {% endcomment %}
In addition to running on top of Mesos, Spark also supports a standalone mode, consisting of one Spark master and several Spark worker processes. You can run the Spark standalone mode either locally (for testing) or on a cluster. If you wish to run on a cluster, we have provided a set of deploy scripts to launch a whole cluster.
Getting Started
Compile Spark with sbt package as described in the Getting Started Guide. You do not need to install Mesos on your machine if you are using the standalone mode.
Starting a Cluster Manually
You can start a standalone master server by executing:
./run spark.deploy.master.Master
Once started, the master will print out a spark://IP:PORT URL for itself, which you can use to connect workers to it,
or pass as the "master" argument to SparkContext to connect a job to the cluster. You can also find this URL on
the master's web UI, which is http://localhost:8080 by default.
Similarly, you can start one or more workers and connect them to the master via:
./run spark.deploy.worker.Worker spark://IP:PORT
Once you have started a worker, look at the master's web UI (http://localhost:8080 by default). You should see the new node listed there, along with its number of CPUs and memory (minus one gigabyte left for the OS).
Finally, the following configuration options can be passed to the master and worker:
| Argument | Meaning |
|---|---|
-i IP, --ip IP |
IP address or DNS name to listen on |
-p PORT, --port PORT |
IP address or DNS name to listen on (default: 7077 for master, random for worker) |
--webui-port PORT |
Port for web UI (default: 8080 for master, 8081 for worker) |
-c CORES, --cores CORES |
Total CPU cores to allow Spark jobs to use on the machine (default: all available); only on worker |
-m MEM, --memory MEM |
Total amount of memory to allow Spark jobs to use on the machine, in a format like 1000M or 2G (default: your machine's total RAM minus 1 GB); only on worker |
-d DIR, --work-dir DIR |
Directory to use for scratch space and job output logs (default: SPARK_HOME/work); only on worker |
Cluster Launch Scripts
To launch a Spark standalone cluster with the deploy scripts, you need to create a file called conf/slaves in your Spark directory, which should contain the hostnames of all the machines where you would like to start Spark workers, one per line. The master machine must be able to access each of the slave machines via password-less ssh (using a private key). For testing, you can just put localhost in this file.
Once you've set up this fine, you can launch or stop your cluster with the following shell scripts, based on Hadoop's deploy scripts, and available in SPARK_HOME/bin:
bin/start-master.sh- Starts a master instance on the machine the script is executed on.bin/start-slaves.sh- Starts a slave instance on each machine specified in theconf/slavesfile.bin/start-all.sh- Starts both a master and a number of slaves as described above.bin/stop-master.sh- Stops the master that was started via thebin/start-master.shscript.bin/stop-slaves.sh- Stops the slave instances that were started viabin/start-slaves.sh.bin/stop-all.sh- Stops both the master and the slaves as described above.
Note that these scripts must be executed on the machine you want to run the Spark master on, not your local machine.
You can optionally configure the cluster further by setting environment variables in conf/spark-env.sh. Create this file by starting with the conf/spark-env.sh.template, and copy it to all your worker machines for the settings to take effect. The following settings are available:
| Environment Variable | Meaning |
|---|---|
SPARK_MASTER_IP |
Bind the master to a specific IP address, for example a public one |
SPARK_MASTER_PORT |
Start the master on a different port (default: 7077) |
SPARK_MASTER_WEBUI_PORT |
Port for the master web UI (default: 8080) |
SPARK_WORKER_PORT |
Start the Spark worker on a specific port (default: random) |
SPARK_WORKER_DIR |
Directory to run jobs in, which will include both logs and scratch space (default: SPARK_HOME/work) |
SPARK_WORKER_CORES |
Total number of cores to allow Spark jobs to use on the machine (default: all available cores) |
SPARK_WORKER_MEMORY |
Total amount of memory to allow Spark jobs to use on the machine, e.g. 1000M, 2G (default: total memory minus 1 GB); note that each job's individual memory is configured using SPARK_MEM |
SPARK_WORKER_WEBUI_PORT |
Port for the worker web UI (default: 8081) |
SPARK_DAEMON_MEMORY |
Memory to allocate to the Spark master and worker daemons themselves (default: 512m) |
SPARK_DAEMON_JAVA_OPTS |
JVM options for the Spark master and worker daemons themselves (default: none) |
Connecting a Job to the Cluster
To run a job on the Spark cluster, simply pass the spark://IP:PORT URL of the master as to the SparkContext
constructor.
To run an interactive Spark shell against the cluster, run the following command:
MASTER=spark://IP:PORT ./spark-shell
Job Scheduling
The standalone cluster mode currently only supports a simple FIFO scheduler across jobs.
However, to allow multiple concurrent jobs, you can control the maximum number of resources each Spark job will acquire.
By default, it will acquire all the cores in the cluster, which only makes sense if you run just a single
job at a time. You can cap the number of cores using System.setProperty("spark.cores.max", "10") (for example).
This value must be set before initializing your SparkContext.
Monitoring and Logging
Spark's standalone mode offers a web-based user interface to monitor the cluster. The master and each worker has its own web UI that shows cluster and job statistics. By default you can access the web UI for the master at port 8080. The port can be changed either in the configuration file or via command-line options.
In addition, detailed log output for each job is also written to the work directory of each slave node (SPARK_HOME/work by default). You will see two files for each job, stdout and stderr, with all output it wrote to its console.
Running Alongside Hadoop
You can run Spark alongside your existing Hadoop cluster by just launching it as a separate service on the machines. To access Hadoop data from Spark, just use a hdfs:// URL (typically hdfs://<namenode>:9000/path, but you can find the right URL on your Hadoop Namenode's web UI). Alternatively, you can set up a separate cluster for Spark, and still have it access HDFS over the network; this will be slower than disk-local access, but may not be a concern if you are still running in the same local area network (e.g. you place a few Spark machines on each rack that you have Hadoop on).